日本機械学會論文集
Online ISSN : 2185-9485
Print ISSN : 0029-0270
ISSN-L : 0029-0270
30 巻, 218 号
選択された号の論文の24件中1~24を表示しています
  • 吉野 利男
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1113-1123
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Several experiments of micro-hardness have been performed on A1 and Mg single crystal in order to clarify the effect of test conditions. The micro-hardness increased rapidly at first with the increasing of test load in the small load range, then decreased gradually and became finally independent of the test load. Such phenomena were observed in all the test conditions. Firstly, it was supposed that the increasing phenomenon of micro-hardness in the small load range was caused by the external vibrations which came from the experimental station. Secondly, it was verified that the load-dependency of micro-hardness which show that the micro-hardness decreased with the increasing of test load was due to the heterogeneous deformation of indentation and the dissimilar indentation with respect to the test load. So, the micro-hardness testing have been recomended that the loading speed should be kept about 10 micron/sec and the loading time of indenter kept below 10 sec.
  • 河本 実, 住広 克已
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1124-1128
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    French's damage line, which shows the degree of the damage by overstress on the fatigue limit, has little significance when we discuss the damage on the fatigue life. So one of the authors proposed a new damage line for fatigue life aiming the investigation of the fatigue damage, and obtained some examples with carbon steels. Consequently, the new damage line proved to be very different from French's one in shape. In this study, we obtained the same damage line for fatigue life of 18-8 stainless steel as of carbon steels, and found that the damage line for fatigue life was nearly equal to French's damage line except near the judging stress.
  • 河本 実, 田中 道七, 芳田 安弘
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1129-1134
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The plane bending plastic fatigue testing machine was developed for further systematic study of the problem. The constrained strain test and the constrained stress test were carried out on the Ni-Cr-Mo steel. From the discussion of the results, we concluded that the test under constant strain amplitude is the most basic one in the sense that it gives a fairly stable hysteresis loop throughout the test, and the data of the other tests under various conditions such as varying amplitude and constrained stress amplitude should be discussed in comparison with those of the test under constant strain amplitude. The treatment using the parameter εtotal, which is the total strain summed up from the beginning to the fracture regardless the sign, seems to offer a method for further analysis.
  • 嵯峨 敏郎, 高橋 秀雄
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1135-1141
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is known that induction hardening is the most effective method for increasing mechanical strength, especially fatigue strength. On its application, we think that residual stress produced by heat-treatment comes into question and becomes an important element. Therefore, we now measured the residual stress of actual machine parts ; such as an electric engine's axle, a crankshaft for fatigue test, an electric car's pinion, and a vibration conveyor's laminated spring by using resistance wire strain gauge. The following information are derived from these experiments. 1. On symmetric induction hardened machine parts, residual stress in hardening surface layers is compression stress. 2. On both stationary and progressive hardening method, residual stress in surface layers is compression stress. 3. On boundary surface layers of an electric engine's axle, the residual stress is also compression stress, smaller than in hardening surface layers.
  • 平 修二, 吉岡 靖夫
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1142-1149
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the case of measurement of residual stress by means of X-rays, there remains a question whether the stress measured by X-rays represents the macroscopic residual stress itself. In the present study, carbon steel plate specimens were heat-treated and the residual stress appeared in the specimens was measured by both the X-ray method and the mechanical method, and the results were compared. Obtained results are summarized as follows : 1. The scattering of the stress values obtained by means of X-rays is less than 1 kg/mm2 by using the sin2 ψ method. 2. The residual stress on the surface is not uniform and varies from place to place of the surface. 3. The macroscopic residual stress in carbon steel caused by thermal stress can be accurately measured using the X-ray method when the specimen surface is treated by the electro polishing method. However, if such method of surface treatment which raises the selective corrosion as etching by nitric acid is used, the relief of surface stress affects the measured value of residual stress.
  • 中村 宏, 甘粕 達雄, 吉武 博之
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1150-1156
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors have conducted fatigue tests on the V-notched and plain specimens (d=15 mm, C=0.37% steel). Two types of heat-treatment have been chosen : induction-hardening method and quenching-tempering. Some of these specimens were made hollow and were drilled following heat-treatment. The experimental results may be summarized as follows : 1) There is small difference in σw1, but a considerable difference in σw2, between the solid and hollow specimens which are induction-hardened, V-notched. For example, in solid specimens, σw1 is 18kg/mm2 and σw2 in 56kg/mm2, while in hollow ones (di=10 mm) σw1 is 17kg/ mm2 and σw2 is 18 kg/mm2. 2) There is no great difference between fatigue limit of induction-hardened solid plain specimens and that of induction-hardened hollow plain ones. 3) When the induction-hardened depth becomes larger, the fatigue strength of V-notched solid specimens becomes smaller, especially the value of σw2. But, the fatigue strength of plain specimens becomes slightly larger. 4) For quenched and tempered V-notched specimens σw1 is nearly equal to (σw0/α). 5) The effects of residual stress on the fatigue strength are different depending on shapes, size of sqecimens, stress-conditions, etc., and are very much complicated.
  • 佐々木 茂美
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1157-1165
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    A study on the energy states of steel during the fatigue process is presented, the main results obtained were as follows : 1) The fatigue process of steel at room temperature is a rate process. 2) At the first stage of fatigue process observed on hysteresis energy, the activation energy calculated from the variation of hardening is 8090 cal/mol. 3) At the second stage, the activation energy calculated from the variations of slip band is 3100∼4300 cal/mol. Next, basing on the experiments, an energy model which gives the relation between the statistical variations of atoms and the energy states was proposed, and the static hysteresis energies were discussed theoretically.
  • 遠藤 吉郎, 上出 拓郎
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1166-1173
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The relation between the twisting fatigue strength and the bending fatigue strength varies with temperatures and specimen sizes, in addition to notches, flaws, and environments. In the present paper, the size effect on fatigue strength is discussed by calculating the probability of the flaws on the surface which affect the fatigue strength of materials, being considered that the fatigue failure of materials without flaws obeys the maximum shearing stress theory. And fatigue tests are carried out under bending and twisting moments at elevated temperatures and at a low temperature for smooth specimens and also for notched specimens. These results and the various past experimental results are adopted to the size effect discussed above, the following are explained in a unified form : the relation of size effect under bending fatigue and under twisting fatigue, the size effect of smooth specimens and notched specimens, the effects of flaws, specimen sizes, environments, and temperatures on the fatigue strength and notch factor, and the distribution of the fatigue strengths for various sizes of specimens.
  • 新井 淳一
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1174-1182
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The bending stress concentration factors were investigated on the one throw steel crank specimens (solid), of which crankpin diameter is 80 mm. As the results of these investigations the empirical formula of the stress concentration factor of crankshaft is given as follows : [numerical formula] where, αK=πd3σm/32Mw, d : crankpin diameter, σm : maximum stress at crank fillet, Mw : bending moment at the center of web thickness, ρ : fillet radius, δ : recessed depth at the fillet, b : web breadth, t : web thickness, and s=(d-dj)/2-r, dj : crankjournal diameter, r : a half of the stroke. The limit of uncertainty of the above formula based on 95 percent confidence limits is 6 percent, and this value is enough to apply practically.
  • 小泉 堯
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1183-1191
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a case the solid cylinder is finite, thermal stresses in the body have been little analysed because of the mathematical complicacy. In the present paper, the author introduced the strict solution of thermal stresses in a solid cylinder with constant surface temperature To°C, initially with uniform temperature zero. Numerical calculations were carried out for the cases the ratios of the diameters of cylinders to the heights were 0.2, 1.0 and 3.0. The results obtained were compared with those of the infinitely long cylinder and, in order to know wether the principle of Saint Venant can be applied to the problems of thermal stress analysis or not, the influence of the end surfaces on the thermal stress distribution in the cylinder was considered.
  • 辻 一郎, 島田 平八
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1192-1198
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The stresses in cemented joints, especially those by scarf and butt bondings, were studied photoelastically. The photoelastic models were made of epoxy resin and epoxy rubber, or epoxy resin and metal, namely, each material has respective elastic constant. Tests were carried out under tension and bending on a bar bonded with various angles. The results of experiment revealed that the stress concentrations were comparatively small on the scarf or butt bonding. The other result had revealed that the stresses on bonded boundary were not uniform under tension and bending, and that in the joints with a soft adhesive layer bonded to hard adherends, the stress concentrations were found on the and of bonded boundary with an obtuse angle, and in those with a hard adhesive layer bonded to soft adherends, found on the end of bonded boundary with an acute angle.
  • 林 卓夫
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1199-1206
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the photoelastic apparatus of reflection type, a half mirror will be used sometimes in the light path to turn the polarized light at right angle, and in this case the polarization effect due to the mirror cannot be neglected usually. In the present paper, the conditions which must be satisfied to avoid the effect, have been considered theoretically and a new convenient method applicable to this case has been proposed. On the other hand, some attentions are paid to the stress analysis in the homogeneous anisotropic material by the use of a birefringent coating, and a new method applicable to any bodies, which are in the state of plane stress and obey Hooke's law, has been presented.
  • 清家 政一郎, 石井 正満, 栗栖 善男
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1207-1211
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The stress-freezing and slicing technique is applied to obtain the maximum stress in a plate having a reinforced circular hole and subjected to uniaxial tension. Specimens are so constructed that a ring of epoxy resin is cemented to the inside of the hole cut in a plate of the same material. The difference method is used to find the variation of fringe intensity in the ring. The effect of the dimensions of the ring and the widths of the plate on the maximum stress is investigated. The optimum strength condition for the circular hole with a stiffening ring is discussed. The present results are of practical interest in connection with the reinforcement of the plate having a circular hole.
  • 玉手 統
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1212-1219
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    An analytical solution is presented for the stresses produced by the indentation of the straight boundary of a semi-infinite elastic plate with a circular hole by a flat-ended rigid stamp. It is supposed that the stamp is placed on the segment of the straight boundary, just above the hole, and pressed into the plate by a given force, perpendicular to the boundary, and that the coefficient of friction between the stamp and the plate is zero. The complex potentials, which have poles at the center of the hole and disturb the boundary conditions neither along the straight edge nor at the infinity, are added to the solution of the contact problem of a half-plane without hole and the parametric coefficients included in the complex potentials are then determined, so that the conditions at the rim of the hole may be satisfied. Numerical results obtained are shown in graphs and compared with those available.
  • 玉手 統, 鎌田 武司
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1220-1227
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Analytical solutions expressed in finite terms are given for the two-dimensional problems of determining the stresses in a circular plate, which is either partially fixed along the boundary and subject to a concentrated force and a couple at the center, or compressed by two rigid stamps. The solutions of the mixed boundary-value problems, stated above, are reduced to the search for complex stress functions, continued analytically into that part of the z-plane not occupied by the material through unloaded parts of the boundary. Some numerical calculations are carried out for cases of a circular plate fixed along one part of the boundary, and a circullar plate compressed by two stamps of equal width. The distribution of stresses along main parts of the plate is shown in graphs. Furthermore, the amount of mutual approach of two stamps is plotted versus the stamp width.
  • 浜田 実, 瀬口 靖幸
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1228-1237
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Numerical calculations of large deflection of circular ring plates subjected to uniform transverse force along the inner edge under three edge conditions and some geometric configurations are carried out. Iterative procedure by Reiss-Keller is applied here and an elimination method is used to solve the set of difference equation which appears in each steps of iterative procedures. The purposes of this paper are mainly to reveal limitations of small deflection theory and approximate solutions of large deflection theory. Experimental results are given for the case of the circular ring plates which are clamped along inner and outer edges. These results are quite satisfactory and the Reiss-Keller method is also proved to be valid in this problem.
  • 船川 正哉, 多々良 篤輔
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1238-1244
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    While oil whip phenomena can rationally be explained by Y. Hori's theory, it does not quantitatively give a good agreement for the stability of a rotor because of the assumption ; "the bearing is infinitely long". In the present paper, the oil film force on journal is derived under the short bearing approximation, and the stability chart of an elastic rotor supported by journal bearings is given by means of the Routh-Hurwitz's criterion from the equation of motion of the rotor under the action of oil film force. Experimental results by using journal bearings with L/D ratios ranging from 0.07 to 2 are comparea with calculated values from this chart. It is concluded that the chart is extensively applicable to most of practical rotating machinery with journal bearings.
  • 斎藤 秀雄
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1245-1250
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The analysis treats the forced lateral vibrations of a beam with a concentrated mass mounted on parallel elastic supports at each end. Considering the effect of weight, as well as resilience, of the supports, the deflection relationship is obtained. The natural frequencies are also determined and the mode shapes associated with each of these natural frequencies are disscussed. These results are applicable to the case of rotating shafts or equipments on elastic racks supported on vibration mounts.
  • 山川 出雲, 井塚 秀弥
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1251-1258
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Steady-state forced vibration, free and transient vibrations of the system with elastically supported damper whose damping is proportional to the square of the velocity are analyzed by the analog-computer. The results showed that ; (l) the amplitudes obtained by the equivalent viscous damping method are smaller in some degree than those by the analog-computer, (2) the magnification factor of the system excited by motion is not identical with the transmissibility of the one excited by force, (3) the optimum damping value derived from the equivalent viscous damping method is approximately true, (4) an optimum value of damping for the free vibration exists, which lies far from that for forced vibration, (5) the damping character of the free vibration is not so good especially in the region of the small amplitude, (6) the response to a sudden disturbance is different entirely from that of the viscous damping system, (7) the results of the experiment which was formerly carried out on the model system and the vibrating table coincide fairly well with those of the analysis.
  • 桐岡 健
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1259-1266
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the analysis of a car body, a method to substitute it by Rahmen has been widely employed in Japan ever since Professor Mineo Yamamoto's suggestion. The author has been interested in and employing it, but feels that in using this method, it would be very convenient, if the plate part could be dealt with as a plate. For this purpose, application of the semi-monocoque theory developed in the aeronautic engineering may do well, but it is felt that because of many door and window openings, cars are hardly dealt with in the same way as aircraft. Therefore, the author attempted this analysis based on a conception that the car body is a structure consisting of Rahmen and semi-monocoque. As the first step of such study, applications of the matrix force method to the bending of a van side structure and the torsion of a cuboid Rahmen covered with plates over both upper and lower surfaces, showed good resu1ts as compared with the experiments.
  • 椹木 義一, 砂原 善文, 中溝 高好
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1267-1274
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    From practical viewpoints, it is necessary to evaluate the step response of nonlinear control systems in the presence of a random disturbance. This paper presents a graphical method of evaluating the response of nonlinear control systems excited by a step input in the presence of a stationary random noise. In this paper, first, the extention of the phase-plane method is described and the step response of nonlinear time-variant control systems in the condition of disturbance free may be graphically calculated. Second the non-stationary response of nonlinear control systems with a random input is evaluated by a similar manner to the phase-plane analysis. The remainder of this paper is devoted to the evaluation of the step response of nonlinear control systems in the presence of a Gaussian random disturbance. By the way, the responses stated here are analytically and experimentally evaluated in this paper.
  • 椹本 義一, 砂原 善文, 中溝 高好
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1275-1282
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The main purpose of this paper is to establish a method of improving the response of a saturating servo-system subjected to a deterministic input in the presence of a random disturbance. To demonstrate this technique, our attention is directed to establish the analytical procedure for the evaluation of the response of nonlinear control systems by the method of statistical approximation. First, an analytical method of calculating the equivalent transfer characteristic of a nonlinear element with a deterministic input contaminated by a random disturbance is shown. Second, a graphical technique for evaluating the response of the closed systems is developed. Two examples are presented, showing how the behaviors of nonlinear control systems may be analysed. From these analytical considerations, it is possible to design the intentionally introduced nonlinear controller to optimize the control performance of a saturating servo-system for various input-magnitudes. Detailed discussion on the synthetical procedure presented here is given by typical examples.
  • 椹木 義一, 砂原 善文, 中溝 高好
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1283-1288
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method of improving the response of control systems subjected to suddenly applied random inputs by introducing a nonlinear element is presented. The technique described here is based on the concept of non-stationary equivalent linearization. The description begins with the calculation of optimum equivalent gain to minimize the mean squared error. From this result, the principal line of attack is to determine the introduced nonlinear characteristic and to evaluate how much better it can be expected to perform than its linear counterpart. It is also shown that an intentional nonlinear control system gives a considerable reduction of the mean squared error. Detailed aspects of the numerical procedure are illustrated by a typical example.
  • 市川 邦彦
    1964 年 30 巻 218 号 p. 1289-1299
    発行日: 1964/10/25
    公開日: 2008/03/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Although the analysis and the synthesis of nonlinear control systems have been widely attacked by the phase plane method and the describing function method, both of them have their own limited applicability. The various analytical approaches for solving the time behavior of the nonlinear systems have been studied in the field of nonlinear oscillation theory. Among them the asymptotic method is a most general and effective one, which has been only applied to the second order system. This paper intends to apply this approach to the gain saturated control system with dead time and the one of third order lag. The results show this approach is practically acceptable in such control systems discussed here, with some admissible errors depending on certain conditions. The paper also gives the stability limit, limit cycle and the transient response of nonlinear systems.
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