The Keio Journal of Medicine
Online ISSN : 1880-1293
Print ISSN : 0022-9717
ISSN-L : 0022-9717
Volume 24, Issue 4
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
  • D. BERNARD AMOS
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 261-262
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • MASAKO HARA, CHIKAO MORIMOTO, HIDEKI TAKAHASHI, TOHRU ABE, MITSUO HOMM ...
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 263-273
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to disclose the clinical significance of the impaired cell-mediated immune response in SLE, a number of T-lymphocyte and the response to nonspecific antigen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) expressed by stimulation index were determined.
    The relative percentage of circulating T-lymphocyte in normal controls was 51.1% and absolute number was 1, 233, whereas in SLE patients, it was 44.5% and 662. There was a significant decrease, especially in the active stage. The number of T-lymphocyte did not differ by the disease status such as non-renal, renal and nephrotic syndrome.
    The stimulation index in the normal control was 4.5, whereas in SLE it was 2.19. The stimulation index in SLE patients was significantly reduced from that of the normal control. The stimulation index did not differ by the type of the disease and the disease activity, but related to the severity.
    In an attempt to correlate the absolute number of T-lymphocyte and stimulation index with disease activity and anti-DNA-antibody, serial deter minations were performed on 5 patients. Early in the course of the disease, T-lymphocyte number and stimulation index were relatively decreased fol lowed by the progressive rise after the institution of steroid therapy.
    From this study, it becomes evident that T-lymphocyte controls anti DNA-antibody titer.
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  • KASHU SHIMABUKURO, YOSHIO MIZUNO, KEN KURITA, MASAHARU TSUCHIYA, HIROS ...
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 275-287
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Histological findings of the thymuses extirpated in 15 cases of Hashimoto's disease and 27 cases of focal chronic lymphoid thyroiditis were described. Hyperplasia of spindle-shaped epithelial cells were more prominent in the thymus of Hashimoto's disease (9/15, 60.0%). Thymic lymphoid follicles were demonstrated more frequently in focal chronic lymphoid thyroiditis (22/27, 81.5%). Plasma cell, which was ascertained by Methyl Green Pyronin stain was found in 10 out of 15 cases with Hashimoto's disease (66.6%) and in 16 out of 27 cases with focal chronic lymphoid thyroiditis (59.3%).
    The incidence of mononuclear cell which contained immunoglobulin or gammaglobulin in the thymuses was 62.5% (5 out of 8 patients) and 66.6% (4 out of 6 patients) in Hashimoto's disease and focal chronic thyroiditis, respectively.
    A long-term observation after thymectomy disclosed that the titrations of antibodies to thyroglobulin as well as thyroid microsome gradually decreased and came negative within one or two years, particularly in focal chronic lymphoid thyroiditis.
    It might be concluded that the thymus of Hashimoto's disease and focal chronic lymphoid thyroiditis was involved in proliferation of antibody forming cells and providing antigen reactive cells to induce immunopathy of thyroid and any other tissues.
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  • YOSHIHIDE ODA, TOSHIO MORISANE, YOSHIO MIZUNO, HITOSHI ASAKURA, MASAHA ...
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 289-296
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sensitized lymphocytes to muscle homogenate in myasthenia gravis and those to colonic epithelial homogenate in ulcerative colitis were assessed before and after thymectomy, using leukocyte migration inhibition test.
    In myasthenia gravis, all three patients showed slight inhibition before thymectomy, and one of them showed no significant change in inhibition 2 weeks after thymectomy. After thymectomy leukocyte migration inhibition was rather slight in 4 of 11 patients, but tended to return normal in the rest of patients. 3 patients with myasthenic crises after thymectomy showed normal migration at the time of remission obtained by ACTH therapy. Thymectomy and thymolympholysis action of ACTH therapy might be effective to get rid of auto-sensitized lymphocytes to muscle in myasthenia gravis.
    As for ulcerative colitis, 2 of 4 patients showed inhibition before thymectomy. One patient showed less inhibition, and another patient showed increased inhibition after thymectomy. A patient with recent onset of ulcerative colitis showed normal migration before and after thymectomy. 6 of 8 patients after thymectomy showed inhibition. The interval between thymectomy and leukocyte migration inhibition test was less than 6 months in all cases, which might be too short to get rid of sensitized lymphocytes.
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  • TAKESHI YOSHIDA
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 297-310
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was intended to clarify histological and immunological characteristics of the thymus removed from 174 cases with a variety of autoimmune diseases.
    The thymic lymphoid follicles were demonstrated in 115 out of 174 cases (66.1%) of autoimmune diseases, whereas only in 12 out of 71 (16.9%) among accidental death cases used as the control. Thymus-derived cell population of thymic lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases tended to be slightly less than that of congenital heart disease cases used as the control.
    The author obtained the result that the response was little by the stimulation to phytohemagglutinin in the majority of the cases.
    Bone marrow-derived cell population with surface immunoglobulin as the marker, ranged from 0 to 17% in 25 cases. It was proved that the thymic lmphoid follicles and the presence of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells in thymic lymphocytes were in close agreement.
    Immunoglobulin-containing cells which were morphologically similar to plasma cells were found in high incidence of autoimmune diseases. At the present time, the author considered that both surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells and immunoglobulin-containing cells were in the same lineage and immunoglobulin-containing cells differentiated from surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells.
    From the clinical point of view, the antibody to thymus was found in 14 out of 59 cases (23.4%), and it was proved that positive cases with the antibody to thymus were correlated to the presence of immunoglobulincontaining cells in the thymus.
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  • SHIGERU ARIMORI, YASUNARI NAKATA, SHINYA TADA, HIDEHIRO KOBASHI, YUKIN ...
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 311-334
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The lymphocyte subpopulations, T and B-lymphocytes, and their re sponses to mitogenic stimulations in the peripheral blood, the bone marrow, and the thymus were analysed in the patients with myasthenia gravis. The lymphocytes were isolated on 'Ficoll-Conray 400' gradient. The T lymphocytes were identified by the sheep red blood cell-rosette-formation, and the B-lymphocytes by the surface immunoglobulin. The responses of lym phocytes to PHA-P and PWM stimulations were also studied in vitro using 3H-thymidine as indicator with the same lymphocyte lots in part of these samples.
    The mean value of the circulating T-lymphocytes among 11 healthy subjects tested was 1503±342/cmm(M±SD), whereas B-lymphocytes was 584±133/cmm.
    Decreased T-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte with lower responsiveness to mitogens, especially to PHA-P, were characteristic in myasthenia gravis indi cating the abnormality of T-cell function. The extirpation of the thymus, either thymoma and/or non-thymomatous thymus with “B-cell origin lym phfollicle”, induced the normalization of these lymphocytes dysfunction. The administration of immunosuppressants affected on the lymphocytes as same effect of thymectomy. Including the lymphocytes of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, these lymphocytes deficiency was in proportion to the severity of clinical symptoms. Local T and B-lymphocyte identification using E and EAC on the cryosections indicated that a major portion of lymphor rhage in the skeletal muscle of myasthenic patients was B-lymphocytes. The pathognomonic significancy of cellular immune deficiency and anti-membrane antibody was disrnssed.
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  • J. YATA, I. TSUKIMOTO, T. NAKAGAWA, T. SHIMBO
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 335-346
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Presence of human thymus lymphocyte antigen (HTLA) detected by immunofluorescence, spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E rosette), rosette formation with erythrocytes sensitized with 19S antibody and complement (EAC rosette) and cell surface immunoglobulin by membrane immunofluorescence (S-Ig) were used to characterize lymphocyte subpopulations.
    S-Ig positive cell was absent while the lymphocytes with C3 and/or IgG.Fc receptors were observed in 20-30% in 11 cases of infantile agammaglobulinemia. 11 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency were tested. They were quite heterogenous in respect to the numbers of lymphocytes having T or B cell markers; almost only null cells were observed in some and a number of B or/and T cells were present in other, although both cell mediated and humoral immune responses were impaired in all.
    6 selective IgA deficiency showed different IgA-B cell profile. IgA-B cells were decreased in 2, normal in 3 and increased in 1.
    Numbers of T and B cells were quite normal in most of 17 patients with variable immunodeficiency, though their functions as judged by delayed hypersensitivity in vitro PHA response, and humoral antibody responses were sometimes impaired.
    Although immunodeficiency status is not homogenous in ataxia telangiectasia, in vitro PHA response and delayed hepersensitivity reaction were impaired and absolute number of T cells were decreased in 4 cases tested.
    Cytoxan reduced selectively B cells in the peripheral blood.
    ACTH influenced on circulating T cells probably via adrenal steroids. Reduction of T cells seemed due mostly to sequestration of these cells,
    T cell reduction in blood was observed in various viral infections, especially in measles. Disappearance of circulating T cells by measles infection seemed to be caused at least partly by also sequestration.
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  • J. FACHET, G. FORIS
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 347-353
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the neonatally thymectomized rat acute as well as chronic endotoxin increases the non-specific resistance to virulent infectious agents but insignificantly. In the neonatally splenectomized animals the increase is statistically significant but less so than in the controls.
    The prolonged treatment with endotoxin increased the tolerance to the drug in all the experimental and control animals.
    Our contention is that to intensify the non-specific resistance to virulent infectious agents endotoxin requires normal function of the thymus and thymusderived cells, but not to increase tolerance to endotoxin, for the two exert their action via two different mechanisms.
    Our data seem to show that activation of non-specific defense, probably production or function of activated macrophages, may require cooperation of thymus or/and thymus-derived cells.
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  • B. D. JANKOVIC, J. HORVAT, K. MITROVIC, M. MOSTARICA
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 355-365
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Anti-rat brain synaptic membrane, synaptic vesicle and microsome sera prepared in rabbits were tested against rat thymocytes (T cells) and bone marrow (B) cells. Unabsorbed antisera produced cytotoxic effect and positive fluorescence with both T and B cells. However, antisera absorbed with B cells and T cells did not react with B and T cells respectively. Absorption of antisera with T cells markedly reduced the anti-B activity, whereas absorption with B cells was less effective in removing the anti-T activity. The most important finding was that anti-synaptic vesicle serum, although properly absorbed with T cells, exerted a specificity for B cells in cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence assays.
    The cytotoxic and immunofluorescent effects caused by absorption of antisera with T and B cells may indicate that there are at least three serologically different antigenic determinants on the surface of rat lymphocytes: Thy-1 antigen which is specific for T cells, B antigen which is specific for B cells, and C antigen which is a common antigen for both. These antigenic markers are shared by rat brain and rat lymphocytes. The largest amount of Thy-1 antigen seems to be present in synaptic membranes and vesicles, of B antigen in vesicles, and of C antigen in microsomes of the rat brain.
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  • AKIRA ONO, KEN KURITA, MASAHARU TSUCHIYA, IKUO YAMANAKA, KIMIYOSHI TSU ...
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 367-376
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The importance of genetic factor became cleared by investigations of HLA antigens in Japanese with autoimmune disease. The HLA antigens of the intrathymic and peripheral lymphocytes in autoimmune disease in Japa nese were studied. The HLA antigens in the peripheral blood were evaluated in 20 cases of myasthenia gravis, 35 cases of ulcerative colitis and 20 cases of Behcet's disease. Of these the HLA antigens in the intrathymic lymphocytes were also studied in 12 cases of myasthenia gravis (4 with thymoma & 8 with thymic hyperplasia) and 3 cases of ulcerative colitis with thymic hyperplasia. Four cases of congenital heart abnormality and 3 cases of fetus were used as control. The NIH Tissue Typing Method was used.
    The common HLA antigen (HLA-B5) was identified in the peripheral blood of autoimmune disease with thymic abnormality. Significantly high frequencies of HLA-B5 in the peripheral blood in myasthenia gravis, of HLA A9 and HLA-B5 in ulcerative colitis, and HLA-A9 and HLA-B5 in Behcet's disease were observed.
    The some HLA antigens of intrathymic lymphocytes were negative in 3 cases of myasthenia gravis with thymoma. In thymoma, intrathymic lym phocytes in tumorous section were more negative than those in non-tumorous section in antigenicity of HLA. The negative of the HLA antigens were checked by the absorption inhibition cytotoxicity test. Four out of 8 cases of myasthenia gravis with thymic hyperplasia showed incomplete negative (lesser antigenecity) of HLA antigens in the intrathymic lymphocytes. In ulcera tive colitis with thymic hyperplasia, intrathymic and peripheral lymphocytes showed identical HLA antigens like congenital heart abnormality of children.
    In myasthenia gravis, close correlation was found between the negative HLA antigens of the intrathymic lymphocytes and positive HLA-B5 in the peripheral blood, as well as the positive antithymus antibody.
    The results showed the possibility of the primary role of thymus which is genetically destinied in inducing autoimmune process through the HLA anti gens disappearance.
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  • KATSUAKI ITAKURA, HIDETAKA YAKURA, EIICHI NAKAYAMA, MIKI AIZAWA
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 377-391
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two new HL-A specificities, which seem to be characteristic to Japanese, were found. Sa 1 antigen, associated with W22, behaved as a new HL-A antigen in the second segregant series. The other one, 4c* component, which seems to be somewhat different from the W5-W18 complex in Caucasians, was detected from the analysis of 63 HL-A 5 associated antisera mainly obtained from Japanese parous women.
    Inheritance of atopic diseases and its linkage to HL-A haplotypes were shown from the analysis of seven families, in which atopic diseases occurred in more than two members.
    Close association between HL-A 5 and Behcet's disease was also observed.
    Separate MLC loci, which are closely linked to the HL-A locus, were suggested from the MLC and HL-A studies in some families.
    To determine the reference LD homozygous cells for the establishment of the MLC antigenic specificities among Japanese, children from a first-cousin marriage, and the HL-A homozygous children from parents who share an MHC haplotype, were extensively examined. Four LD homozygous cells were obtained. Studies on the distribution of these MLC antigens among Japanese and the possible existence of linkage disequilibrium between HL-A and MLC alleles are now in progress.
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  • HIROSHI AMEMIYA, KOJI WATANABE, TETSUYA MIYAJIMA, SEIICHI SUZUKI, YOJI ...
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 393-398
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For the purpose of inducing the specific tolerance by bone marrow transplantation, the PHA non-responding cells out of the bone marrow cells were transplanted to mongrel dogs in order to avoid the acute graft-versus-host reaction after conditioning the animals with cyclophosphamide. And nine out of 13 mongrel dogs survived under the condition of successfully established chimerism. The mixed lymphocyte culture between donor and recipient showed no response after chimerism had been established, while chimera dogs responded normally against heterologous antigens. However, the phenomenon that the degree of donor cell occupancy decreased as time went by forced us to consider the existence of immunological reaction of recipient to donor cells.
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  • MAKOTO HATA, HIROSHI NAKAMURA
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 399-405
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity and laboratory data in six patients with renal allografts, four of whom underwent thymectomy also. Cell mediated cytotoxicity against Hela cells as target is assayed after preparation of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood by Ficoll-hypaque method. Tests are conducted in microtest tissue culture plates according to the procedure described by Takasugi and Klein in 1970. Results are expressed by mean reduction per titer. In the group of patients who had run uneventful course after renal allotransplantation with standard immunosuppression, lymphocytes failed to demonstrate a potent cytotoxic effect, meanwhile survival of target cells was noticeably reduced by lymphocytes from patients who were suffering from any sorts of disorder such as acute and chronic rejection, toxic hepatitis, post surgical risk and so forth. The direction of reactivity that might be suppressed in the transplant recipients with thymectomy as adjunctive, gives rise to the possibility that this lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity test reflects at least partly T-cell derived immunity.
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  • HIROSHI NAKAMURA, NORIKAZU TAMAOKI, HIROSHI YOSHIMATSU, MASAHARU TSUCH ...
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 407-414
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Strong evidence that thymectomy in adult animals caused a slowly devel oping loss in immunologic reactivity, possible relationship of the thymus to rejection of allografts and adaptability of thymectomy via the suprasternal notch to patients in poor surgical risks made it likely that the thymectomy would be employed in addition to standard immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of patients receiving allografts. The course of six patients was studied after renal allotransplantation from related donors. Transcervical thymectomy was performed after transplantation in three patients and before transplantation in the other three recipients. While some fractions of im munoglobulins increased or decreased after transplantation in the non-thy mectomized patients, immunoglobulin levels did not. change at all before and after transplantation in the patients in whom thymectomy had been carried out before renal allotransplantation. Pathologic studies with light microscopy revealed that the thymuses of patients who received thymectomy after allo transplantation did not lack the cortex on prednisolone therapy for 557 to 967 days. In one patient, lymphocytes in urinary sediment disappeared following thymectomy. The results suggest that thymectomy may merit further con sideration with regard to its possible usefulness as immunosuppressive treat ment in renal allotransplantation.
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  • YOSHITO UEYAMA, NAKAAI OHSAWA, NORIKAZU TAMAOKI, TATSUJI NOMURA
    1975 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 415-421
    Published: 1975
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Heterotransplantation of human neoplastic tissue was investigated in the congenitally athymic mice, nude mice, BALB/c-nu/nu, kept in SPF condition within vinyl isolator.
    At present, 23 out of 32 established cell lines of various malignant neo plasm, originated from the lung, uterine cervix, endometrium, breast, cholan gioma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor have been success fully grafted in nude mice.
    Thirty six out of 162 surgically removed materials including carcinoma of the stomach, lung, kidney, maxilla, endometrium, uterine cervix, ovary, chorio carcinoma, meningioma and neuroblastoma have been transplanted in nude mice.
    The neoplasms serially transplanted in nude mice showed similar his tological characteristics of the primary tumors.
    Endocrine activities were also well preserved in nude mice, as revealed by the elevated blood HCG levels and histological changes in uterus and ovary of the host nude mice grafted with choriocarcinoma, and by erythropoiesis in the spleen of mice grafted with renal cell carcinoma which is producing erythropoietin. The grafted neoplasms showed similar susceptibility to anti cancer agents as originated one.
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