I recognized increasing of lung-marking and unsharpness of phrenico-costalangles in most of all tb-reaction positive cases. I think this is a symptom of allergy. These findings were also observed in the majority of ambiguous cases, therefore, ambiguous cases should be included to positive group. The findings of the lungs are observed before allergic symptom (caused by tb-infection) appears, so I think X-ray findings will be recognized before tb-reaction.
Accordingly, even though the tb-reaction negative yet, if X-ray findings is significant then we must carefully continue to have periodical investigation especially if there are infection sources. Tb-reaction appears strongly parallel with the grade of X-ray findings and also they are found strongly among those who have infection source in the family.

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It was made clear that the difference in effect of the dose of serum administered intramuscularly which suppressed_ the appearance of SR and which produced negative SR was recognized between 20 AU/kg and 50 AU/kg; furthermore, the effect of suppression was distinct when serum was administered within 1 hour both before and after Schick tests; it was independent on the dose of serum and SR appeared usually positive. The observation on the diphtheria patients treated with the antitoxic serum by Rosling(41), Mazima(42), Hayashi(48), , Fukumi(44, 45) and with human serum by Thelander(46), Barenberg, Greenstein & Leighton(47), in which the-relation between the serum injection and SR was studied from the early stage of disease or in a long duration, might be explained, partially by this paper.
As it is suggested that the fixation of toxin in skin to tissue cells becomes firmer and firmer as time passes and it can not be dissolved and neutralized by antitoxin any more, if once fixed: on the other hand, the serum injected intramuscularly appears fairly rapidly in blood, rises to the highest concentration in 2 days and then decreases gradually, but circulates for over 1 month. It is suggested that the antidiphtheric serum should be administered as early as possible.
Moreover, concerning the dose of serum, Schick, Kassowitz u. Busacchi (2), Schick ⁽⁴⁸⁾ obtained the result showing that the effective dose is 100 AU/kg to, the mild, middle and good promising case, 500 AU/kg to the severe. Madsen⁽¹⁶⁾ also recommended a dose of 100-300 AU/kg, Weichsel⁽⁴⁾ 100 AU/kg on guinea pigs. Nakamura et al^{(20, 21)} mentioned that observing the clinical courses and results of 289 diphtheria children divided into two groups, of the large' injection dose (over 500 AU/kg and of the small (200 AU/kg), with the chief object of complete recovery from the disease, the following result was obtained: they can be cured by 200 AU/kg without grave faults except the cases in which long time elapsed before treatment was started or very malignant cases. But it would be permitted to presume that it is generally effective to some extent to treat with 50 AU/kg of serum except in the malignant cases in which a large dose of toxin is produced probably abruptly, although it is feared to be irrational to discuss the clinical treatment of diphtheria from these experimental results.
And then, as mentioned above, the antitoxic titer for reversal is in a fairly wide range and this problem is confirmed by multiple Schick tests by Glenny & Waddington⁽⁴⁹⁾, Parish & Wright⁽³⁷⁾ and Kurokawa et. al.⁽⁵⁰⁾, hence the significance of SR in antitoxin immunity must be investigated more extensively.

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The effect of active immunization with killed or live vaccines was compared with that of passive immunization, in which the serum of immunized mice was used as the immunizing agent, in the infection of mice with Salmonella enteritidis. Almost similar, though slightly lower, effects as those by the active immunization were given by the passive immunization in the killed vaccine groups. An immunization with the water-in-oil killed vaccine did not show better results than multiple immunizations with the heat-killed vaccine.
Although the most effective protection was produced by the active immunization of mice with the live vaccine (an attenuated mutabile (Murase) mutant), the serum of these immunized mice could confer to normal mice only a slightly effective protection, which was in a similar degree as in the killed vaccine groups.
The O agglutinin titer in the serum of immunized mice was highest in the heat-killed vaccine group. A .re-injection of the serum after challenge did not increase the effect of the passive immunization regularly.
The data presented here seem to indicate a possibility to assume the difference in mechanisms of the immunities produced by killed and live vaccines.

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1. Naphthol-thionine reaction, Benzidine reaction, Nadi-reaction, Sudan III staining, Naphthol-Sudan staining and Oil red 0 staining have almost the same results when immersed in distilled water with constant temperature each of 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 98°C for 1 minute.
2. And the same results are obtained when immersed in water with temperature of 98°C each for 2, 5, 10 and 30 seconds.
3. These reactions are similarly affected by chemicals.
4. All reactions are noticed negatively or weakly after treating with reducing substance.
5. As above-mentioned, the temperature and time to inhibit these reactions have a mutual relation. Although there are slight differences between them, it can not be considered that these reactions are different in the nature from each other.
And considering the fact that the granules in leukocytes can be stained with indophenol blue, Sudan III and thionine by adding naphthol, the acting point of acid or heat is suspected to be the part which has no connection with enzyme and on which naphthol combines with granules.
It could be concluded that these reactions are resulted from the special affinity of ISS to naphthol and they are, identical in the nature.

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I have pointed out that the A-wave led from a dorsal root under the depression of a constant current applied at the spinal ganglion leaves behind alpha peak only, and beta has disappeared completely. On the contrary, under the same conditions moving a pair of non-polarizable electrodes from the spinal ganglion to the sciatic nerve, alpha peak vanished, but beta has still remained, having no connection with employment of another kind of animals such as Japanese toad and bull-frog.
But the precautions must be taken so that the results do not get mixed with the process, because the process of the depression under the same conditions will not stand together in comparison with a different kind of animals. Another quality of some interest is the similarity of the shapes of the depression represented in Fig. 4a, 4'a (a constant current was applied at the spinal gangl: of Japanese toad) and Fig. 7, 7'a (a constant current was applied at the scia nerve of bull-frog), but it is clear that the names of each nerve fibre must reversed, that is alpha into beta, in likewise, beta into alpha. In like manner as mentioned above, the similarity of the forms qf. I depression can be seen in Fig. 5, 5' (a constant current was applied at the spit ganglion of bull-frog) and Fig. 6a, 6'a (a constant current was applied at 1 sciatic nerve of Japanese toad), but the names of the twin peaks must reversed. These phenomena are interesting, but it is not safe to go any further ridi on the wings of imagination, therefore this is only a technique of fibre purifi tion and not an explanation of their mechanism. Furthermore, as regard to the problem of conduction of twin fibres (alp 6-7 m/sec: beta 4-5 m/sec at 5°C), a fancy conclusion against our ordins experiences are drawned from the experimental facts mentioned before. According to our common sense, it is easy to understand that the qu; impulse can reach the destination more rapidly than the slow one at the sa: course and the same departure. But this simple clear fact can not always be universally applicable to a case without exception, because under the deep depression by a constant current applied at the nerve trunk the fast alpha is blocked, and on the contrary, t slow beta still remained. Therefore the slow impulse wins in the contest agait our ordinary expectation.
It is a great pleasure to express my deepest gratitude to Professor G. Kato, assistant professor I. Suda and the members of his laboratory for assisting and encouraging me during the course of this work.

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