The Keio Journal of Medicine
Online ISSN : 1880-1293
Print ISSN : 0022-9717
ISSN-L : 0022-9717
Volume 4, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
  • NOBUKATSU SHIMADA, YOSHIHARU ISHII, TOSHIRO HATORI, TOSHIRO HATORI, MI ...
    1955 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 143-161
    Published: 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The sensitivity to 8 antibiotics, PC, SM, CM, TM, AM, EM, CBM and LM, of the pathogenic staphylococci isolated from the surgical infections and otorhi-nological diseases and from the aerial dusts in the hospital and the nasal vestibules of the hospital workers during the 2 years from January, 1953 to December, 1954 was investigated and the bacteriological characteristics were comparatively studied between the PC-resistant and the PC-sensitive strains. The results obtained are as follows.
    1) Sixty strains (45.4%) out of the 132 staphylococcal strains isolated from the surgical infections were found to be resistant to more than 1.0 μ/m1 of PC and the PC-resistant strains were confirmed to have increased since 1950 and furthermore the tendency of the increase of the highly resistant strains was noticed. Ten (50%) out of the 20 strains of staphylococcus isolated from the otorhinological diseases were PC-resistant as well.
    2) Most of the PC-resistant strains were found in the cases to which more than 610, 000 units of PC had been administered, which fact suggests that the PC treatment in the past considerably influences the emergence of the PC-resistant strains.
    3) The PC-resistant strains were more frequently found in the suppurative operation wounds and were more often found in the open lesions than in the closed foci.
    4) Around 70% of the infections of the hospital workers and in-patients were found to be due to the PC-resistant strains, this figure being higher than 37.6% of the out-patients. However, it was found that also the out-patients were fairly influenced by the PC-resistant strains.
    5) Twenty-eight (75.7%) out of the 37 strains of pathogenic staphylo-coccus isolated from the aerial dusts in the hospital and from the nasal vestibules of the hospital workers were found to be PC-resistant and the significance of the cross-infection in the hospital with the PC-resistant staphylococci was recognized.
    6) Among the 155 strains of staphylococci, SM-resistant strains were 23.2%, TM- and AM-resistants 3.8% and CBM-resistants 1.9%, while no strains were found to be resistant to any of CM, EM and LM.
    7) Between the PC-resistant and the sensitive strains no significant difference could be found in the production of pigment, coagulase and hyaluroni-dase, the liquefaction of gelatine, the sugar fermentation and the pathogenicity to the rabbit skin except the production of penicillinase and so the clinically important PC-resistant staphylococci are considered to retain their full pathogenicity.
    8) From the view-point of drug-sensitivity PC should not be abused to the staphylococcal infections but the antibiotics of the tetracycline series such as TM, AM etc. or CM, EM, LM etc. should be employed. But, around 35% of them are the cases due to the staphylococcus strains which are the most sensitive to PC, in which PC should be a first choice.
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  • DAIZO USHIBA, MAKOTO YUMOTO, SHIZUKO OHNO, SHOGO SASAKI
    1955 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 163-173
    Published: 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The infectivity in oral infection of mice with S. enteritidis was markedly enhanced by oral pre-administration of streptomycin. The effect of streptomycin was noted when the drug was administered from 6 to 48 hours before inoculation.
    The enhanced infectivity was usually accompanied by the decrease in number of some normal intestinal flora at the time of inoculation and the subsequent multiplication of the inoculated organism in the intestines.
    Among the normal flora that were decreased in number, lactobacilli seemed to have the most striking reciprocal relation to the inoculated organism. Coli-proteus group bacilli also decreased in number frequently after streptomycin administration.
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  • TOSHIO FUJIKURA
    1955 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 175-190
    Published: 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. No typical difference between human newborn and guinea pig in the pulmonary hyaline membrane was found histochemically as far as we have examined.
    2. We used Bloxsom apparatus with low oxygen concentration (60%) in the experimental oxygen poisoning of the guinea pig, (average animal weight 822 grams). Highly thick hyaline membranes were found. Average living time was 189 hours.
    3. Hyaline membranes of human newborn and guinea pig consist of muco-proteins coming from blood plasma, i.e. the serum mucoproteins, seromucoid and seroglycoid.
    4. These mucoproteins were histochemically similar to fibrinoid of placenta except several ordinary stainings (Gram-weigert's method. PTAH, Masson's trichrome stain AZAN).
    5. The change of permeability in pulmonary capillaries was considered to be the main cause in making hyaline material inside the alveoli because hemo-globin was not always present and the serum mucoproteins were the main substance of the hyaline membrane.
    6. The hyaline membranes of human newborn and guinea-pig contained small amount of nucleo protein, neutral fat and phosphatid besides the main substance of mucoproteins. The membranes were not made by simple origin like the alveolar epithelium or collagen. We supposed thee membranes consist of coagulated serum mucoproteins.
    7. Amniotic fluid might be a possible cause of the hyaline membrane just like highly concentrated oxygen in the guinea pig, but it was not the main substance of the membranes.
    I am grateful to Dr. G. W. Anderson for his generous cooperation and suggestions.
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  • TOSHIO FUJIKURA
    1955 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 191-200
    Published: 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. The lungs of phenyl thiourea treated guinea pigs show marked edema associated with hyaline membranes.
    2. Adequate edema fluid is necessary to make the hyaline membranes of guinea pigs.
    3. The hyaline membranes are considered as a stadium of the absorption or the concentration in pulmonary edema.
    4. Pulmonary edema and pneumonia are closely interrelated even in the animals.
    5. Pulmonary edema is a cause of death in the animals, just as atelectasis is significant in the human newborn infant.
    6. Pulmonary edema of human newborn infant should be carefully observed in the mesenchyma of the lungs.
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  • MITSUTO HASEGAWA
    1955 Volume 4 Issue 4 Pages 201-220
    Published: 1955
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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