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Volume 41, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Ian AD Bouchier1992 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are two types of gallstones; cholesterol and pigment or bilirubinate. Cholesterol stones are formed in the gallbladder as a consequence of altered hepatocellular and gallbladder function. Over-production of cholesterol by the liver is the major metabolic precedent of cholesterol gallstones and this may occur because of obesity, drugs, or other factors. Gallbladder factors which promote stone formation include hypomotility and the secretion of nucleating factors such as mucus glycoprotein. It is possible that both of these two factors are mediated by an increase in the prostaglandin production by the gallbladder mucosa. Pigment stones are either brown or black. Brown stones are formed of calcium bilirubinate and are usually associated with biliary infection. They occur in both the gallbladder and the bile ducts. Black pigment stones are extremely hardbilirubin polymers and are found mainly in the gallbladder. Biliary sludge is a necessary precedent of gallstones. It comprises cholesterol monohydrate crystals, glycoproteins and granules of calcium bilirubinate.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia Complex on Guam: Immunohistochemical StudiesAsao Hirano1992 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 6-9
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinsonism-dementia complex (PDC) among the Chamorros in Guam is remarkably high. The patients with ALS have clinical and pathological characteristics similar to those in other parts of the world. The PDC patients display parkinsonism and progressive dementia and show a characteristic neuronal loss in certain parts of the central nervous system such as the hippocampus and substantia nigra. The Guamanian patients with ALS and PDC commonly have widespread Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes, but without the associted senile plaques. We have applied immunohistochemical procedures to examine the expression of marker sub-stances in Guamanian ALS and PDC. The markers studied include tau protein, ubiquitin, beta proteins, synaptophysin, calcineurin, Met-enkephalin, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase. The results were compared with the findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sporadic ALS and familial ALS.View full abstractDownload PDF (5128K) -
Junichi Kaburaki, Masataka Kuwana, Takashi Ogasawara, Makoto Takano, Y ...1992 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 10-15
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough the concept of anti-phospholipid syndrome has been proposedin patients with SLE and other rheumatic diseases, the immunological mechanism is still controversial. Recently, the crossreactivity between anti-cardiolipin antibody and anti-ssDNA antibodies has been discussed in relation to this syndrome. In the present study, the specificity such as the avidity and the crossreactivity of anti-ssDNA antibodies was examined to find a clue to clarify the question why all of anti-cardiolipin antibody positive patients do not have any specific clinical features, thrombosis and spontaneous abortion. The avidity of IgG anti-ssDNA antibodies was examined by salt elution studies in solid phase ELISA. The avidity of anti-ssDNA antibodies tended to be lower in 10 patients with specific features than in other 10 patients without those features. The crossreactivity of affinity purified IgG anti-ssDNA antibodies was investigated by competitiveELISA. Purified anti-ssDNA antibodies from 4 patients without specific features were slightly inhibited by negatively charged phospholipids, cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine, whereas purified anti-ssDNA antibodies from 2 patients with specific features, who were considered to have anti-phospholipid syndrome, were little inhibited by these phospholipids. The above results suggest that the specificity of anti-ssDNA antibodies appears, at least partly, in different manners whether specific features are present or absent in anti-cardiolipin antibody positive patients. Moveover, anti-ssDNA anti-bodies and anti-phospholipid antibodies may form separate groups of antibodies in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Yoshitake Satoh, Eiichi Isohata, Satoshi Iwata, Hironobu Akita, Tadao ...1992 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 16-20
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of inline filtration on delivery of gentamicin (GM) in the pediatric field were studied. The filter sets (Pall 0.20μm. JMS 0.20μm, and IVEX 20.22μm) were studied using a simulated system. 10mg of GM was injected into the system containing 5% dextrose in water (flow rate: 50ml/hr, 10ml/hrand 2ml/hr) with horizontal and vertical settings of the inline filters. In caseof 50ml/hr, delivery of GM of Pall showed nearly the same delivery pattern as compared with no filter setting. However, JMS and IVEX 2 showed little differences. In case of 10ml/hr and 2ml/hr those differences became more signifi-cant. Delivery of GM was influenced by the priming volume of the filters, increasingly so at slow flow rates. Filter settings also influenced the delivery of GM. Furthermore, with regards to the results of the Vitamin K2 delivery and the technetium radiotracer method, JMS and IVEX 2 filters were observed to have some stagnation of drugs in the filter. Not only priming volumes of the filters affect delivery of drugs, filter designs also have an influence. The use of the inline filters is important in the pediatric field, but their charactaristics for drug delivery pattern should be considered.View full abstractDownload PDF (1185K) -
Takashi Muto, Tomoko Saito, Haruhiko Sakurai, Sunao Adachi1992 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 21-24
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the study was to develop a self-efficacy scale for exercise behavior. The draft items of self-efficacy scale were chosen from the previous studies, and were modified to reflect the socio-economic differences in the target population. Ratings were made on a 3-point Likert-type scale. The self-efficacy scale was administered to 647 employees in a Japanese manufacturing company in 1990. They were also asked to identify their exercise behavior as one ofexercising more than once a week, or not exercising. Two factors were extracted by principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation, and those two factors had eigenvalue of >1.0. They were named “high priority” and “independent factor”. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.90 and 0.84 for high priority and independent factor, respectively. The test-retest correlations for the high priority and the independent factor were 0.83 and 0.74, respectively. Both factor scores and scale scores were significantly higher in employees who habitually exercised compared with those who did not exercise. A significantly higher percentage of employees with high self-efficacy scores exercised regularly than those with lower self-efficacy scores. This study provided evidence of reliability and validity of the newly developed self-efficacy scale for exercise behavior in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (233K) -
Yoko Kaneko, Kazuyuki Omae1992 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA cross-sectional study was performed to clarify the relationship between exposure to acrylonitrile (AN) and its effect on subjective symptoms by using a modified Cornell Medical Index (CMI) health questionnaire. The 7 acrylic fiber manufacturing factories surveyed were classified into 3 groups, namely, group L with a mean environmental acrylonitrile concentration of 1.8 ppm, group M with 7.4 ppm, and group H with 14.1 ppm. The total number of workers engaged in acrylic fiber manufacturing processes (acrylonitrile workers) and reference workers analyzed were 504 and 249, respectively. These consisted of 92 acrylonitrile workers and 108 reference workers in group L, 304 and 102 respectively in group M, and 108 and 39 respectively in group H. The mean values for length of exposure to acrylonitrile were 5.6 years in group L, 7.0 years in group M, and 8.6 years in group H. Neurotic status as determined by Fukamachi's criteria and Cornell Medical Index profiles did not show any AN-related differences between AN workers and reference workers in any of the groups. The subjective symptoms with significantly high prevalences in AN workers were “headache”, “tongue trouble”, “choking lump in throat”, “fatigability”, “general malaise”, “heavy arms”, and “heavy sweating”. Except for “choking lump in throat” there was no relationship between the prevalence of symptoms and the length or level of exposureto acrylonitrile. These results suggested that long-term exposure to acrylonitrile at levels up to 14.1 ppm did not induce neurotic effects in acrylonitrile workers, but might cause some reversible subjective symptoms.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K)
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