The Keio Journal of Medicine
Online ISSN : 1880-1293
Print ISSN : 0022-9717
ISSN-L : 0022-9717
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Volume 59, Issue 1
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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COMMEMORATIVE LECTURE
REVIEW
  • Training-induced Recovery of Manual Dexterity after a Lesion in the Motor Cortex
    Noriyuki Higo
    2010 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 4-9
    Published: March 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 17, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2302/kjm.59.4
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Cerebral injury, such as stroke, cause functional deficits; however some functions can recover with postlesion rehabilitative training. Several recent studies using rodents and monkeys have reported the effects of postlesion training on functional recovery after brain injury. We present herein an overview of recent animal experimental studies on the effects of postlesion motor training on brain plasticity and motor recovery. Our study in the macaque monkey reported the effects of hand motor training on motor recovery after lesioning of the primary motor cortex (M1). In monkeys that had undergone intensive daily training after the lesion, manual dexterity recovered to previous levels. Relatively independent digit movements, including those of precision grip, were restored in the trained monkeys. While hand movements recovered to some extent in the monkeys without postlesion training, these monkeys frequently used alternative grips to grasp a small object instead of the precision grip. These findings suggest that recovery after M1 lesions includes both training-dependent and training-independent processes, and that recovery of precision grip requires intensive postlesion training. Recent results of both brain imaging and gene expression analyses suggest that functional and structural changes may occur in uninjured motor areas during recovery of hand function after M1 lesions. In particular, our preliminary results suggest that structural changes in ventral premotor cortex neurons may participate in functional compensation of precision grip.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Inhibit Tumor Metastasis by Inhibiting Capillary Permeability
    Masako Nozaki, Masanobu Yoshikawa, Kunihiko Ishitani, Hiroyuki Kobayas ...
    2010 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 10-18
    Published: March 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 17, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2302/kjm.59.10
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We explored the possibility of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, pranlukast and montelukast, preventing tumor cell migration through both cerebral and peripheral capillaries. To study tumor cell migration through brain capillaries, male Fisher rats were cannulated via the cisterna magna under pentobarbital anesthesia. RCN9 cells labeled with a fluorescent marker PKH67 were intravenously administered following arachidonic acid administration into the subarachnoid space, and specimens of the central nervous system were collected every 30 min for 8 h. Arachidonic acid increased the fluid volume with elevated white blood cell and RCN9 cell counts. When given 2 h before arachidonic acid administration, pranlukast, but not montelukast, reduced the fluid volume and inhibited white blood cell and RCN9 cell extravasation through the brain capillary. In addition, a Lewis lung carcinoma metastasis model in mice was used to study the inhibitory effect of pranlukast and montelukast against cancer cell extravasation through general capillaries. When mice were given food containing either pranlukast or montelukast, immediately after paw amputation, tumor metastasis was prevented by both drugs, and their survival was prolonged. These results show that pranlukast can inhibit tumor cell migration through both the brain and peripheral capillaries, whereas montelukast inhibits tumor cell migration only in the peripheral capillaries.
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CASE REPORT
  • Stonefish “Okoze” Envenomation during Food Preparation
    Ryo Yamamoto, Masaru Suzuki, Shingo Hori, Naoki Aikawa
    2010 Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 19-22
    Published: March 25, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: April 17, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2302/kjm.59.19
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Stonefish is a dangerous and venomous fish commonly found in the shallow waters of the Pacific region. Its envenomation is reported worldwide with increasing frequency. Although envenomation usually occurs in those engaged in marine sports, chefs may suffer envenomation during cutting stonefish, which is eaten either sliced raw, boiled, or deep-fried by Japanese. Since many people cook and eat Japanese food, it is important to know that cutting a stonefish for cooking carries the risk of envenomation. However, most primary and emergency physicians have not encountered cases of envenomation during food preparation. Here we describe a case of envenomation occurring while cooking. The patient was a healthy 33-year-old man working as a chef in a Japanese restaurant. He was presented to an academic emergency department after suddenly developing severe pain in his right fourth finger while cutting a stonefish. The finger was reddish, swollen, and tender. The pain reduced after immersing his hand in hot water, and disappeared within 18 h without any complication. In this report, we describe the history of stonefish envenomation and provide a brief review of the literature related to this form of envenomation.
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