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Volume 65, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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REVIEW
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Ken ShinmuraArticle type: REVIEW
2016 Volume 65 Issue 2 Pages 25-32
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2016
Advance online publication: May 10, 2016JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common problem in the elderly. In particular, the morbidity and mortality of patients with heart failure (HF) increase with age. The poor outcomes of elderly patients with HF can be explained partly by cardiac aging at the cellular and organ levels. Moreover, recent evidence has demonstrated that functional evaluation, which may reflect the status of individual aging, predicts mortality in patients with HF. Age-related changes occur throughout the body and in virtually all organ systems. Thus, we should pay more attention to geriatric conditions when treating patients with HF. Frailty represents a complex clinical syndrome that results from multiple impairments across different organs and is characterized by decreased physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors. Frail patients with CVD have a worse prognosis than non-frail patients. Evidence demonstrates that frailty is an independent risk factor for incident HF among older people. The ways in which cellular senescence promotes age-related CVD and frailty remain an important issue in the biology of aging and clinical geriatrics. Senescent cells that have acquired a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can cause local and potentially systemic inflammation. SASP might be a key phenomenon in the association between cellular senescence and the development of age-related CVD and frailty. Frailty is a dynamic and potentially reversible state; therefore, translational research efforts are focused on obtaining mechanistic insights into the pathobiology of frailty, the development of novel therapeutics, and the identification of biomarkers for frailty. This is particularly important in developed countries that are confronted with an aging society.View full abstractDownload PDF (1469K) Full view HTML
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
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Takeshi Miyamoto, Eri Katsuyama, Hiroya Kanagawa, Atsuhiro Fujie, Hiro ...Article type: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
2016 Volume 65 Issue 2 Pages 33-38
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2016
Advance online publication: February 05, 2016JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLLow serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are implicated as a risk factor for hip and spine fractures. Studies of the relation between 25(OH)D levels and fractures have primarily involved elderly osteoporosis patients or patients with fractures; however, the serum 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) status in younger adult populations remains largely unknown. We evaluated serum 25(OH)D and intact PTH levels in 411 women aged 39–64 years who were not receiving medication for osteoporosis or other bone diseases. Serum 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with age (P = 0.019), whereas intact PTH levels were inversely correlated with 25(OH)D levels (P < 0.001). Thus, low vitamin D levels with high intact PTH levels were more common in younger than in older women. Our data show that serum 25(OH)D insufficiency could be a more serious concern in the younger population than had been previously anticipated. Because serum 25(OH)D insufficiency is reportedly a risk factor for hip and spine fracture, the number of fracture patients could increase in the future, suggesting that we may need to correct the serum vitamin D/intact PTH status to prevent future osteoporosis.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) Full view HTML
COMMUNICATION
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Giovanni Maria Vincentelli, Manuel Monti, Maria Rosaria Pirro, Giulian ...Article type: COMMUNICATION
2016 Volume 65 Issue 2 Pages 39-43
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS FULL-TEXT HTMLThe latest developments in emergency medicine (EM) have introduced new typologies of patients that have not been taken into account in previous studies of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. The aim of the current study was to evaluate by comparing the main international risk scores whether different perceptions of VTE risk exist in internal medicine (IM) departments and in EM departments. This cross-sectional observational study involved 23 IM and 10 EM departments of 21 different hospitals. The patient data were collected by physicians who were blinded to the purpose of the study. The data were analyzed using the main international risk scores. We analyzed 742 patients, 222 (30%) hospitalized in EM departments and the remaining 520 (70%) in IM departments. We found that fewer patients at risk for VTE were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in EM departments than in IM departments. Moreover, there was significant statistical difference in the use of LMWH between IM and EM departments when the Padua score and immobilization criteria were used to assess the risk. The infrequent use of LMWH in EM patients may have several causes. For example, in EM departments, treatment of acute illness often takes higher priority than VTE risk evaluation. Moreover, immobilization criteria cannot be evaluated for all EM patients because of the intrinsic time requirements. For the aforementioned reasons, we believe that a different VTE risk score is required that takes into account the peculiarities of EM, and establishing such a score should be the object of future study.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) Full view HTML
ABSTRACT
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Jing-Yan Han2016 Volume 65 Issue 2 Pages 44
Published: 2016
Released on J-STAGE: June 25, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComplex diseases always involve some strait episode, such as myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis caused by hypertension, microcirculation dysfunction and injury in heart, brain, lever, and intestine following ischemia and reperfusion, endotoxin induced multiorgan injury, and recovery after intestinal mucosa damage, for which intervention by a single medicine remains unsatisfied in clinic.Chinese medicine has been applied in clinic for more than two thousand years, which presents as a healthcare system using compound formula preparation, treatment based on syndrome differentiation and individualization thus has advantage in dealing with strait episode of complex diseases. However, the mechanism underlying Chinese medicine is not fully understood up till now.This report will explain the mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of Chinese medicine in therapy of strait episode of complex diseases based on the resent outcomes in study of aforementioned complex diseases. The speaker, using the theory of blood stasis and activating blood to remove stasis in Chinese medicine, classified microcirculation dysfunction induced by different causes, such as ischemia and reperfusion, stress, LPS, common cold, investigated the pathogenesis and progressing of each of which. Furthermore, the report explored the material basis and mechanism for compound formula of Chinese medicine with potential of tonifying Qi and activating blood, removing heat to cool blood, identified the ingredient in the compound formula responsible for respective effect.(Presented at the 1920th Meeting, June 3, 2016)View full abstractDownload PDF (264K)
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