The rebound phenomenon of ovarian function has widely been recognized since Matsumoto and Igarashi reported on clinical findings adout it.The author made investigation whether the same phenomenon is also found in rats.
(1) When adult female rats were consecutively given a large dose of estrogen (estradiol benzoate subcutaneously, 500r once every 3 days for 30 days or 100r once daily for 20 days), the ovary was atrophied, and histologically corpora lutea was remarkably decreased or lost, indicating evident inhibitory effect. At the same time, gonadotrophic potency of the anterior hypophysis, as measured by mouse uterus weight method, showed evident decline, and PAS-positive cells in the hypophysis were also decreased.
(2) When the administration of estrogen was abruptly suspended, ovarian weight was gradually restored, and after 70 days, it, as well as its histological picture, went above the normal level of controls. In this way, the rebouud phenomenon of ovarian function could be demonstrated also in rats.
(3) In accordance with these findings, gonadotrophic potency of the anterior hypophysis also increased beyond the level before the estrogen administration. It was consequently elucidated that the rebound phenomenon of ovarian function is due to that of the anterior hypohysis.
(4) When a large dose of estrogen was consecutively given (estradiol benzoate, 500r once every 3 days for 30 days, subcutaneously), the function of the pituitary-ovarian system was inhibited. And when a small inhibitory dose of estrogen was further given (10r once every 3 days for 40 days, subcutaneously), the inhibitory effect was no more produced. In this way, Hohlweg's so-called desensitization (“Desensibilisierung”) was demonstrated in the ovary of the rat. These two-desensitization and rebound phenomenon-were compared each other under the same conditions, and the effect of the latter was found more prominent.
(5) Within 50 days after the administration of a large dose of estrogen (estradiol benzoate 100r daily for20 days), the duration of pseudo-pregnancy was evidently prolonged from the preadministration average of 13.8±0.5 days to 17.4±1.3 days. This is considered to be due to the same mechanism with that of prolongation of high phase of basal bodytemperature, which is observed in association with the rebound phenomenon of ovarian function in women, and is considered to be induced by activated function of corpora lutea in the rebound phenomenon.
(6) After consecutive administration of a large dose of progesterone, slight reduction of ovarian weight and inhibitory effect on vaginal smear were observed, but neither evident inhibitory effect on the hypophysis, nor the rebound phenomenon after the suspension of administration. At70 days after the administration, however, gonadotrophic potency of the hypophysis was increased. This is a problem which must await future study.

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Transection of the brain stem is thought to be concerned with the following two events. One is to cut pathways on which the streams of ascending and descending impulses are conducted, and the other is to divide the reticular formation into two parts, from one of which an energizing stream goes up, and from the other of which a controlling stream goes down so that the internal environment of the whole body, including the brain, may have a suitable level of activity.
The position of transection has an important significe in the first one. However it is far more significant in the second one, because the proximal surface of the transected reticular formation determines the level of energizing stream and the distal surface does the level of the controlling mechanism.
Whence the width of the transection should be as narrow as possible; Needles to mention, in the operation any other effects should be prevented which might disturb the experiment, and the transection should be easily and repeatedly reproducible at any proposed levels.
From the above point of view, a new stereotaxic method of transection was designed. The method and some experiences of the operation were stated in comparison with those of the other operations. A few data on the transected surfaces were added.

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In a mass detection survey of chronic diseases in a rural area, the rate of respondents for physical examinations among 20 sub-communities was analysed, with regards to stimulating f actors. Subsequently the causes of non-respondent were investigated by questionnaire method. The results were summarized as follows :
There is no evidence that mortality rate from cerebral hemorrhage during past five-years period in each sub-community is correlated with the rate of respondents. The incidence rate of hypertension by sub-community was negatively correlated with the rate of respondents, particularly in males. Age and sex factors in determining response or non-response were discussed. It was suggested that indifferent attitude towards the local health need among the people and poor socio-economic status are inhibiting factors.

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A case of acquired hemolytic anemia was described.
In this case, the hemolytic anemia occurred in 54-years old man who received an operation of stomach cancer in to years ago.
It was confirmed in autopsy findings that the hemolytic anemia was caused by the stcmach cancer.

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1. When the O (H) -decomposing enzyme from Bacillus fulminans was applied to O (H) substance to destroy its activity with anti-O (H) antiboody in eel serum, a large amout of fucose and a minute amount of galactose were liberated as monosaccharides. Besides these, several kinds of oligosaccharides, which contained fucose, galactose, and sometimes N-acetylhexosamine, were also liberated. It is considered from these results that the O (H) -decomposing enzyme contains a kind of L-fucosidase as its principal component, and that it has activity to release from O (H) substance L-fucose, which is the end determinant of O (H) specificity.
2. When the O (H) -decomposing enzyme from Bacillus cereus was applied to the substance which was destroyed O (H) activity with anti-O (H) antibody in eel serum to destroy its activity with anti-O (H) antibody in anti-Shigella dysenteriae chicken serum, galactose and fucose were liberated as monosaccharides, and besides these, a small amount of oligosaccharides, which contained galactose and fucose, and sometimes N-acetylhexosamine was liberated. From these results it is considered that the-O (H) -decomposing enzyme from Bac. cereus contains, besides a kind of below-mentioned L-fucosidase, a kind of β-D-galactosidase, and has activity to release from O (H) substance β-D-galactose as well, which is the determinant of O (H) specicity against anti-O (H) antibody in anti-Sh. dysenteriae chicken serum.
3. When the O (H) -decomposing enzyme from Bac, cereus was applied to O (H) substance to destroy its activities with both anti-O (H) antibodies in eel serum and in anti-Sh. dysenteriae chicken serum, then were liberated from O (H) substance not only fucose and galactose but also a small amount of oligosaccharides, which contained fucose, galactose and sometimes also N-acetylhexosamine. From these results it is considered that the O (H) -decomposing enzyme from Bac.cereus contains, besides β-D-galactosidase, a kind of L-fucosidase, and has activity to release from O (H) substance principally L-fucose and β-D-galactose, which are the determinants of O (H) specificity.

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