It is well known that anaerobic glycolysis of tumor cells is affected by irradiation, and this was already confirmed by us using Yoshida ascites tumor cells. In this case, cells to be tested for glycolysis were subjected to dilution, washing, centrifugation, heating and shaking, and as the consequence it can not be denied that the cells would exhibit different biological behaviors from when they develop and multiply in natural state in the peritoneum.
On the other hand, their anaerobic glycolysis is transiently inhibited by X-irradiation, and restored with the lapse of time. In tha case of in vitro irradiation, evident inhibition is observed after 3 minutes, but the glycolysis is restored to the initial level after 40 minutes. And so it is naturally anticipated that there would be some biological difference between cells with their glycolysis inhibited and restored.
With the object to ascertain these two points, Yoshida ascites tumor cells were investigated for transplantability. The cell suspension was prepared according to the procedures generally used for determination of the anaerobic glycolysis, and this was injected intraperitoneally to 4 groups of each 10 rats. After 28 days observation, positive transplantation rate (death rate) and average survival days for the dead cases were obtained. The 4 groups were as follows : Group I : Injected with tumor cells, non-irradiated and shaken for 3 minutes. Group II : Injected with tumor cells, non-irradiated and shaken for 40 minutes. Group III : Injected with tumor cells irradiated with 5, 000γ, and shaken for 3 minutes (glycolysis inhibited). Group IV : Injected with tumor cells irradiated with 5, 000γ and shaken for 40 minutes (glycolysis restored).
The death rates and survival days for the 4 groups were as follows : Group I : 9/10, 6.5±1.7 days, Group II : 10/10, 6.6±1.0 days. Group III : 3/10, 7.6±5.4 days. Group IV : 3/10, 9.4±4.3 days. From these results the following conclusions were drawn : i) Transplantability of tumor cells is not affected by physicochemical treatment; ii) irradiation with 5, 000r extremely lowers the transplantability; iii) there seems to be no direct relation between inhibition of anaerobic glycolysis and the transplantability of tumor cells.

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The drug-resistance of Shigella prevalent in Japan from 1949 to1959 was investigated, and the following results were obtained.
1. Shigella strains can easily become resistant to sulfanilamide (SA), and 90100% of Shigella flexneri lb, 2a and 2b were highly resistant to SA (resistant-type). Ninety to 80% of Shigella flexneri 3a and Shigella sonnei prevalent in Japan are still sensitive to SA (sensitive-type). Such a difference of SA-resistance between resistant and sensitive type of Shigella was not genetically investigated.
2. The annual change in the appearance of SA-resistance of Shigella prevalent in Japan is attributed to the change of type-spectrum of Shigella.
3. The antibiotics-resistance of Shigella isolated in Japan from 1953 to 1959 was investigated A single (SM or TC) resistant strain was isolated but there was no tendency that SM or TC resistant Shigella showed an increase. Single CM resistant Shigella strain has never been isolated.
4. Multiply resistant Shigella was isolated. This type of Shigella is increasing and has a major problem in both bacterial genetics and epidemiology.
5 From the epidemiological investigation of faeces of human subjects, multiply resistant E. coli and Citrobacter were isolated. The carrier of (CM. TC. SM. SA) or (CM. SM. SA) resistant E. coli was about 1.4% among 1145 healthy humans and was more in patients treated with CM, afflicted with tuberculosis aud dysentery among several kinds of in-patients.

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1. Human erythrocytes, stroma, glycolipid (Fr. I and mixture of Fr. II-IV), and residue after extraction of the stroma (Fr. V) contain galactose, glucose, mannose, fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Sialic acid and fast moving components are also contained in the glycolipid fractions, except in Fr. I.
2. Preparation of A-decomposing enzyme from Cl. tertium, abolishes the A-specific activity of human A substance from erythrocytes, liberating from it not only monosaccharides, galactose and N-acetyl galactosamine, but also a disaccharide consisting of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine, and sialic acid.
3. Preparation of B-decomposing enzyme from Cl. maebashi, abolishes the B-specific activity of human B substance from erythrocytes, liberating from it only galactose, as a monosaccharide.
4. A-combining sites on an erythrocyte are estimated to 7.3 × 10⁶, and B-combining sites on an erythrocyte 7 × 10⁶.

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1. Non-reducing end in the determinant group of O antigen 5, related to FA activity of Salmonella paratyphi B, is considered a sugar similar to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine from the results of inhibition test by sugars in both systems - agglutination of erythrocytes adsorbed with a specific bacterial polysaccharide and precipitation against anti-5 serum. Non-reducing end in the determinant group of O antigen 40, involved in A activity of Salmonella riogrande, is also considered N-acetyl-D-galactosaminoyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (?) from the results of inhibition test by sugars in the previous two systems using anti-40 serum, So far, however, has been Unsuccessful an attempt to destroy O antigen 5 and F_A activity of S. paratyphi B or O antigen 40 and A activity of S. riogrande by the enzyme preparation obtained from Clostridium tertium.
2. Non-reducing terminals in the determinant groups of an antigen identical with O antigen 43 of Salmonella and of B activity present in Escherichia coli O₈₆ are both assumed α-D-galactose from the results of inhibition test by sugars in agglutination of erythrocytes adsorbed with a specific bacterial polysaccharide and in precipitation against anti-43 serum. The enzyme preparation derived from Clostridium maebashi destroys B activity, without destroying the antigen identical with O antigen 43 in Salmonella, of E. coli O₈₆ to release galactose, galactosyl 1→3 or 1→6 galactose, galactosyl 1→4 galactose, galactosyl 1→4 galactosyl 1→4 galactose. Accordingly, the terminal determinant of the bacterial B activity is deduced to resemble exceedingly that of human water-soluble B substance, in connection with its linkage and configuration, but to be little different from O antigen 43.
3. Either of O antigen 13 and O(H) active substance of Salmonella poona is presumed to possess L-fucose in non-reducing end of these determinant groups from the results of inhibition test by sugars in agglutination of erythrocytes adsorbed with a specific polysaccharide and in precipitation against anti-13 serum. The enzyme preparation extracted from Bacillus fulminans causes to disappear completely O(H) activity as well as to decompose partly O antigen 13 of the bacteria to release large amounts of fucose and small amounts of hexose and N-acetylhexosamine as simple sugar. The enzyme preparation extracted from Bacillus cereus causes to vanish completely O(H) activity as well as to decompose better O antigen 13 than did the above-stated enzyme, to release relatively small amounts of fucose and hexose as simple sugar, and in addition, large amounts of oligosaccharides composed of glucose and galactose, or composed of one of the two, fucose, and hexosamine.

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