Mononuclear phagocytes of mice hyperimmunized with live vaccine of Salmonella enteritidis inhibited intracellular multiplication of a virulent strain of the same organisms, and resisted cell degeneration by bacteria, regardless of the presence of antibody in cell culture system. This cellular resistance which was referred to as cellular immunity, was transferable to mononuclear phagocytes of normal mice by Transfer Agent in vitro.
To elucidate the mechanism cf cellular immunity which was conferred by TA, the time for the induction of cellular immunity by TA, minimum effective amount of TA, and the effects of actinomycin-D and of puromycin on TA endowing cellular immunity to non-immune monocytes were studied. Following results were obtained.
1) The minimum effective amount of TA was 100 μg/ml.
2) The time for induction of cellular immunity by TA was more over 48 hrs.
3) When the normal mononuclear phagocytes were treated with TA and actinomycin-D simultaneously, the cells acquired the ability to inhibit the intracellular multiplication of bacteria, whereas, when the cells were treated with TA and puromycin, the cells did not.
It was suggested from these findings that protein synthesis but no DNA-depeadent RNA synthesis in cells was necessary for the establishment of the anti-infectious immunity of cells treated with TA in experimental salmonellosis.

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Urinary estrogen fractions in patients with fibroadenoma were measured in three times, Postmenstrual, ovulatory and premenstrual phases. Two dimensional thinlayer-chrmato-ography was used as Purification and fractionation procedures. Fibroadenoma showed a little cyclic change in the 2 nd and 5 th decade such as in the control group, but much cyclic change in the 3 rd and 4 th decade. However, in the latter decade, urinary estrogen level was slightly lower than in normal control group. There was same tendcncy in urinary estrogen fractions as in the total estrogens, although some fluctuations were 'seen in each group. Total estrogens level in breast-cancer and fibroadenoma was lower than that of mastopathy. Estrone fraction in breast-cancer was lower than the other two groups in the 5 th decade. On estriol fraction, patients with mastopathy were in higher excretion level in the 4 th decade, but in the 5 th decade, that of breast-cancer patients was higher than the other two groups.

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Nucleic acid contents and synthesis in the thyroid tumors resected surgically were studied through two methods. One method was in biochemical and another in autoradiographical.
1. As to biochemical results, the mean value of nucleic acid of tumor tissue was higher than that of the normal tissue. Among follicular adenoma, follicular adenocarcinoma and papillary adenocarcinoma, the DNA contents were of greatest quantity in papillary adenocarcinoma, next greater follicular adenocarcinoma and then follicular adenoma. DNA contents were higher in proportion to cellurality grade and size of nuclei examined histologically.
2. No significant difference of specific activity was revealed between tumor tissue and control, and it showed similar tendency to follicular adenoma, follicular ademocarcinona and papillary adenocarcinoma.
3. On autoradiographic study, no significant difference of labeling index was revealed between adenoma and carcinoma. But labeling index of papillary adenocarcinoma was tend to slightly higher than that of follicular adenocarcinoma. Among adenomas, macrofollicular adenoma was somewhat lower than microfollicular adenoma.
4. Labeled cells were not seen in a few cases of adenomas and carcinomas. Labeled cells of follicular epithelium in the normal control tissue were rarely found at autoradiogram. This result suggests that normal follicular epithelium has relatively longer life span and is not apt to multiply so easily.

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From the standpoint of view that breast cancer has a strong relation with hormones in its causation and development, our clinic has made a series of endocrine therapy for 68 cases of advanced breast cancer which were treated from 1954 to 1967. Those patients were treated by oophorectomy in 19 cases, adrenalectomy (including combined cases with oophorectomy) in 21 cases and hormone therapy alone in 28 cases. The author studied on relationships of clinicopathological factors and various endocrine status to the effectiveness of these endocrine therapies, and the following conclusions were obtained.
1) The effectiveness-ratio in adrenalectomy is 11/21., 52. 3%. Compared with this, that of oophorectomy is 5/19, 26.3%, hormone therapy alone, 10/28, 35. 7% and the latter two groups are inferior to adrenalectomy group.
2) As to survival period in three groups, oophorectomy, adrenalectomy and hormone therapy alone, in adrenalectomy group it is longest, 15.9 months, oophorectomy group 11.7 months, hormone therapy alone 10.3 months; a little shorter than others. Furthermore, between effective and non-effective cases among the groups, effective cases were observed to be longer in their survival period than non-effective cases.
3) In “free interval”, as it appears in various literature, the author testified that the longer it was, the better its effectiveness was acknowledged.
4) As for the relation with the site of recurrence, in cases of metastasis of soft tissue including skin, lymphnodes of supraclavicular and cervical areas our treatments were effective in larger number, however in cases of bone metastasis which were reported relatively effective by other authors, our results showed less effective.
5) In histological aspects, the author observed that effective or significantly effective cases were greater in adenocarcinoma and found effective in scirrhous and lobular carcinomas too.
6) In hormone estimation, estrogens, 17-KS, 17-OHCS, prolactin and gonadtropin were assayed and the results were as follows : estrogen was most excellent in its index, however the author could not so easily conclude only through the preoperative values the difference between effectiveness and non-effectiveness; the bigger the differences between pre- and postoperative values were, the more greater they were in effective cases or particularly in adrenalectomised cases this trend was significant.
7) As to the changes of hormone-valency of prolactin and gonadotropin among hypophyseal hormones, in the above-mentioned three treatmnts any definitive trend was not observed.

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Maxillary mucous membrane obtained surgically from 53 patients of chronic sinusitis, aged 10 to 59, was pathohistologically observed with following findings :
1. With characteristic pathohistological features of oedema, fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration, all the cases were classified into oedematous type (26 cases), fibrous type (13 cases), infiltrative type (5 cases) and mixed type (9 cases, which could not be classified under any of the first 3 types).
In each of these types, purely typical ones w ere infrequent, and many had transitional features.
2. All the cases displayed more or less vascular lesions showing no difference between four types. These were 1) Capillary fibrosis, 2) collagenous fibrosis, elastic fiber proliferation, elastic fiber fragmentation and smooth muscle proliferation of vein, and 3) productive endoarteritis. The lesion was more severe in the vein than in the artery.
3. Intercellular substance showed increase in AMP in the fibrous type but rather decrease in the oedematous type. Edematous fluid was considered to be derived from blood fluid, and did not indicate mucoid degeneration of collagen disease.
4. It is highly possible that there may be some relation between the oedematous type and allergy.
But few cases displayed pathohistological feature of the classical allergic inflammation. It is therefore necessary further to make immunological examination.
5. In all the cases, the maxillary mucous membrane affected by chronic inflammation, displayed intense thickening, which anatomically resulted in narrorving or closure of maxillary ostium and impediment to secretory discharge, Severe lesion in the vascular system, especially venous system, contributes on the one hand to prolongation of the maxillary mucous lesion and reinfection and on the other makes the effective conservative treatment impossible.

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During 1959 to 1965, continuous surveys for arbovirus from mosquitoes were carried out in Gunma Prefecture. Mosquitoes were collected at study sites by aspirators, sweeping nets, bait traps, and/or dry ice traps from May to October every year. Pools of female mosquitoes identified by species were tested for arboviruses by intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice, and following results were obtained :
1) 12 species of mosquitoes were collected in study sites. However, Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus was recovered from only Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens, and arboviruses other than JE virus were obtained from Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Aedes vexana. No virus was isolated from other species.
2) About half of the isolates other than JE virus were identified as group A, Simbu or Bunyamwera groups. The remaining virues are still on the way of identification study, but they were assumed to be immunologically related neither Getah (group A) nor Akabane (Simbu group) viruses.
3) Mosquito infection with JE virus was regularly limited to the period from July to September in this area, but some of the Non-JE viruses were isolated in early season before JE virus appeared in mosquitoes.
4) It was clear that JE and Getah viruses were the prevalent viruses in Japan, because they had been recovered every summer. On the other hand, Akabane and Bunyamwera viruses might be incidentally introduced in the area recently.
5) Details of the methods employed for virus isolation were described.

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In order to study the morphogenesis of phlebosclerosis and subsequently to obtain fundamental knowledges for understanding the genesis of arteriosclerosis, morphological studies were performed on the portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric vein, as well as the inferior vena cava under several conditions. The investigated 81 autopsy cases included 4 groups, that is, 1. cases in which luminal pressure of the portal vein or inferior vena cava was elevated, 7. cases with intense atherosclerosis particularly in the aorta, 3. with severe anemia and 4. controls without such diseases. The findings obtained were compared with experimental phlebosclerosis prcduced by investing the rabbit's portal vein with a silver cuff to increase its pressure. Results obtained from this study were as follow. 1. In the controls intimal thickening occurred initially in the inferior vena cava in the forties, and became visible also in the portal and superior mesenteric vein with advance in age. The thickening, however, measured below 20μ. 2. With increased venous pressure, cellulofibrous intimal thickening, consisting mainly of smooth muscle cells, fibroblast-like intimal cells, and collagenous and elastic fibers, was observed in the venous wall. Both venous hypertension and it's duration were important in the genesis of this intimal thickening. 3. Thrombus and intimai hemorrhage secondarily enhanced venous intimal thickening, but were not primary causes of the thickening. 4 Smooth muscle cells in the thickened intima of the vein were considered to be derived from both fibroblast-like intimal cells which were formed by endothelial cells dropped off, and medial muscle cells. 5 Human phlebosclerosis was different from arteriosclerosis in the following points. 1) Phlebosclerosis did not show atheroma, aggregation of foam cells, fatty swelling of collagenous fibers and calcification. However, foam cells were visible in the partially organiged thrombus. 2) In phlebosclerosis, the thickened intima was abundant with capillaries, and rich in intercellular ground-substance, but fibrosis was relatively poor. 3) Elastosis was poorer in phlebosclerosis than in arteriosclerosis, and such lamellar elastosis as seen in the renal artery was not observed in phlebosclerosis. 4) In contrast to arteriosclerosis, phlebosclerosis was accompanied by thrombus more frequently despite the absence of atheroma. These differences are considered to result probably because in tht vein as compared with the artery, the luminal pressure is lower, blood flow is slower, the wall is rich in vasa vasorum, the wall structure is relatively looser, and moreover the duration of which the high blood pressure stimulates on the vascular wall is shorter. 6. when the rabbit's portal vein was constricted by investment, intimal thickening resembling human phlebosclerosis was produced in both proximal and distal ends of the constricted part and in a site a little away to distal from it At periods of 24 days after operation swelling and proliferation of endothelial cells were observed, and on the 7th day after operation smooth muscle cells were seen in the intima 7. When the portal vein was constricted in cholesterol fed rabbits, foam cells appeared in the intima of the portal vein, but not formation of atheroma.

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