In vivo experiments, a single administration of progesterone or prednisone induced ovulation and larger dosages of them reduced significantly the ovulatory response. Moreover, ovulation induced by them was facilitated by the simultaeneous addition of either HCG or PMS which was subthreshold amounts to induce ovulation by itself.
Estradiol could not induce ovulation by itself.
In vitro experiments, progesterone, prednisone, testosterone and newly formed synthetic progestogens had potent ovulatory capacity. In addition, estradiol blocked significantly pituitary-induced ovulation, but this inhibition was readily removed if progesterone were added to the pituitary-estrogen combinations.
It is proposed that amphibian ovulation is induced by the direct action of steroids on the ovary without the mediation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

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A single injection of clomiphene citrate could not induce ovulation in vivo as well as in vitro experiments, in the range of dosages administered. Estradiol markedly inhibited HCG-induced ovulation in the intact, hypophysectomized and the in vitro experiments.
However, the suppressive effect of estradiol on HCG-induced ovulation was apparently removed by the addition of clomiphene to the intact, hypophysectomized and the in vitro experiments.
It is proposed that clomiphene has an antiestrogenic activity at the ovarian level in Xenopus laevis.

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The quantjtative bioasaay test for human chorionic gonadotropin, employing the femaleXnnosps laevis toad, has proven its clinical usefulness in a series of 372 patients. Other biological and immunological pregnancy tests are also investigated simultaeneously for comparative purposes.
1) 249 cases of normal pregnancy, using Xenopus pregnancy test, were studied. The accuracy of the test was found to be 98%.
2) In the series of 20 cases suspected of pregnancy and before Day 40, the test has given correct positive results of 95%.
3) The semiquantitative analysis of urinary HCG from Day 33 to terms of pregnancy was investigated. Between Day 33 and 40, maximal excretion of urinary HCG was 500 X. U. per liter of urine. After Day 40, a consistent elevation of the titer was observed. The maximal excretion occurred at Day 67 (8300 X. U.). By Day 120, the level had decreased to a relatively steady state of less than 1000 X. U.. These results followed the characteristic curve described by other investigators employing both biologic and immunologic technics. Moreover, since HCG levels reach its highest level after Day 40, just when nausea and vomiting are most common, it seems that there is some relationship between chorionic gonadotropin levels, and nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
4) In the group of threatened abortion with good recovery, it was noted that urinary HCG levels were within normal ranges in most of the cases. On the other hand, threatened abortions, preceded by a fall in HCG levels less than minimum titer in each lunar month of normal pregnancy, did not carry through successfully to term. The test was also of definite prognostic value in the groups of incomplete abortion, missed abortion, suspected intrauterine fetal death and habitual abortion.
5) Similar results, as reported in the other pregnancy tests, were obtained in the groups of hyperemesis gravidarum, hydatidiform mole, chorioepithelioma, ectopic pregnancy and hydrocephallus.
6) In Xenopus prgnancy test, there was no incorrect response in the differential diagnosis with other non-pregnant dlseases, but in Friendman test performed simultaeneously, one incorrect negative response of five cases was observed.
7) In the controlled temperature laboratory, there was no significant influence on induction of ovulation throughout different seasons in Xenopus laevis.
8) Same urine samples were used for comparative studies between Xenopus pregnancy test and immunological UCG-test. Strong correlation was noted in both tests.
9) The mode of life of Xenopus laevis is considerably different from that of other Rana and Bufo. The breeding is very simple. The test is simpler to perform, as compared with other biological tests-one simple injection through dorsal lymph sac. The reading of the reaction is the simple gross observation of the eggs in the water. In addition, in these experiments, each toad was used over 40 times and still responds satisfactorily, so it is very inexpensive. From the above-mentioned data, the author believes the test is one of the excellent pregnancy tests.

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1) An immunologically specific loss variant (B-loss) was isolated from antiserum-containing media by successive inoculation of Escherichia coli O₈₆ wild strain, which has specific O-somatic antigen common to human B blood group substance. The results of haemagglutination inhibition test and precipitation test showed the contribution of (N-acetyl-) D-galactosamine to the determinant group of B-loss variant.
2) Chemical analyses and comparison of sugar constituents of the lipopolysaccharides extracted from wild (S), B-loss and rongh (R) strains have demonstrated that O-somatic side chain of E. coli O₈₆ was built up mainly with galactose, fucose and N-acetylgalactosamine.
3) The α-galactosidase preparation either from Clostridium maebashi or coffee beans reduced blood group B acvity and also released galactose from S-lipopolysaccharide or B active oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of its lipopolysaccharide. The degraded lipopolysaccharide showed significant O (H) activity indicating the presence of terminal α-fucosyl moiety in it. An oligosaccharide (A-3) has demonstrated the same activity after enzymatic hydrolysis of α-galactosyl linkage. α-Fucosidase derived from Bacillus fulminans caused to liberate fucose from the a-galactosidase-treated substances and to disappear consequently its O (H) activity.
4) The results of quantitative analyses, borohydride reduction, direct Morgan-Elson reactions and treatments with several kinds of enzyme preparations on a series of oligosaccharides indicated that the structure of O-specific side chain of E. coli O₈₆ is probably :
α-D-Gal- (1→3) -β-D-Gal→D-GalNAc- (1→3) -D-GalNAc- (1→4) -Fuc
↑2↑
-1
α-L-Fuc (β-D-Glc)
5) B activity of S. milwaukee S-lipopolysaccharide was reduced by treatment with α-galactosidase preparation preparation either from Cl. maebashi or coffee beans, and concomitant. occur-rence of O (H) activity was manifested in the anti O (H) -O red cells system. α-Fuccsidase abolished this activity causing liberation of fucose from the molecule. β-Galactosidase have affected only after hydrolysis of α-fucosyl linkage.
It was evident that there was a similality in the terminal structure of lipopolysaccharides of E. coli O₈₆, S. milwaukee and human B blood group substance.

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Intraventricular administration of cinchophen sodium in a dose of 2.5mg/kg which corresponds to 1/40 of the systemic dose, induced consistently a delayed rise in gastric pepsin output in the unanesthetized Heidenhain pouch dog. The gastric secretory response was more significantly suppressed by electrolytic lesions placed in the median eminence regions than by those in the middle, anterior and posterior areas of the hypothalamus.
A consistent increase in pepsin output was observed following hypothalamic implantation of 1 mg of cinchophen sodium, showing a preponderance of median eminence implants over others.
These results suggest that the median eminence is more deeply involved in the gastric pepsin secretion in response to intraventricular cinchophen than the other areas in the hypothalamus.

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A trial that electric capacity of the living tissue is directly measured through a high resistance more than 10⁶Ω was carried out on Pacinian corpuscle. By using the three terminals low impedance bridge, the capacity of Pacinian corpuscle was compared with that of skeletal muscle, heart muscle. celiac ganglion and fat tissue and also the capacity change in time course was compared each other.
The capacities measured on these tissues showed that Pacinian corpuscle was 0. 833, the celiac ganglion 0. 713, the skeletal muscle 0. 638, the heart muscle 0.570 and the fat tissue 0.400 in volantary unite.
The capacity change of Pacinian corpuscle in time course was not so much while that of the skeletal muscle, heart muscle and celiac ganglion was varied with the degree of its excitability.
From these results we concluded that Pacinian corpuscle itself had much capacity however the receptor potential which was evoked by mechanical stimuli were not so intimate with the capacity because in the time course of capacity it was not decreased.

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Many problems to make a reference chamber are investigated on wall materials, energy response, dose rate dependency of beam direction, polarity effects and noise from connecting cable.
Exposure rate in 10 ×10cm field at 75cm S. S.D. from a cobalt teletherapy equipment is measured based on cavity principle by a homemade parallel-plate ionization chamber made of lucite with a vibrating reed electrometer which indicates the voltage across the high registance of 10⁸ ohms.
Corrections are made for backscatter, front wall absorption and general recombination.
Precision or reproducibility of the present experiments is less than 1%, but their accuracy is about 6%.
Indirect comparisons, using Baldwin-Farmer Sub-Standard dosemeter Mark II which has been calibrated in roentgens with 2 MV x-rays at National Physical Laboratory of Great Britain, are in good agreement with N. P. L. and Electro-technical Laboratory of Japan.

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The distribution and excretion of ⁶⁰CoCl₂ administered subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into Ehrlich ascites cancer-bearing mice were examined with the following results.
1. The concentration of ⁶⁰Co in various organs of cancer-bearing mice was generally a compared with the control, especially in kidney and blood. The urinary and fecal excretion of ⁶⁰Co in 24 hours had no differnce in control and experimental groups. The uptake of ⁶⁰Co by ascites cancer cells was more compared with the other organs.
2. In ascites cancer intraperitoneally implanted mice, the time course of the changes of ⁶⁰Co distribution were examined. At 6 hours after the intraperitoneal injection, ⁶⁰Co concentration in ascites cancer cells was highest, but later its concentration decreased gradually.
3. At 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the intraperitoneal administration of ⁶⁰Co, its distributionin subcellular fractions of Ehrlich ascites cancer cells was examined. Nuclear fraction had the highest concentration, followed by supernatant, microsomal and mitochondrial fractions in the descending order, and these concentrations did not relate to the lapse of hours after the ⁶⁰Co administration.
4. Concerning the effects of continual administration of anticancer agents to cancer bearing-mice, Mitomycin C and hydrocortisone acetate inhibited the ascites retention and corrected the disturbances of ⁶⁰Co distribution observed in kidney and blood. Toyomycin inhibited the ascites retention without any effects on ⁶⁰Co distribution. Nitromin, Tespamin and Merphyrin had no effects on grade of ascites retention and concentration of ⁶⁰Co in several organs compared with the control.
5. Soon after the intraperitoneal administration of ⁶⁰Co to cancer intraperitoneally implanted mice, anticancer agents, amino acids, chelating agents and various salts were administered intraperitoneally and after 1 hour their effects on the distribution of ⁶⁰Co were examined, On the effects of anticancer agents, Toyomycin inhibited ⁶⁰Co uptake by cancer cells, but Nitromin increased it conversely, Mitomycin, Tespamin and Merphyrin did not affect ⁶⁰Co uptake by cancer cells, In any cases the distribution of ⁶⁰Co in other organs did not change compared with the control, On the effects of amino acids, Penicillamine, Cysteine and and Histidine inhibited ⁶⁰Co uptake by cancer cells, but Glycine had no effect on it. In many cases ⁶⁰Co concentration in the kidney was decreased, On the effects of chelating agents, EDTA, BAL and Na mercaptoacetate inhibited ⁶⁰Co uptake by cancer cells, but dihydrothioctic acid increased it conversely, ⁶⁰Co distributions in other organs were varied in case and case, On the effects of salts, Co²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺ inhibited ⁶⁰Co uptake by cancer cells and increased ⁶⁰Co retention in ascites supernatant, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ did not affect both ⁶⁰Co uptake in cancer cells and ⁶⁰Co retention in ascites supernatant. ⁶⁰Co distributions in other organs were varied in case and case and clear definite tendency did not observe in the ⁶⁰Co distribution among the organs.

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