Cinchophen administered to antral pouch dogs caused a significant decrease in volume of antral secretion and amount of carbohydrates, particularly sialic acid. Vagal denervation of the antral pouch did not affect the results.
The effects of cinchophen upon gastric mucous secretion were closely similar to those of cortisone.
It seems reasonable to assume that a decrease in the mucus production induced by cinchophen contributes to cinchophen ulcer production to some degree by interfering with the defense mechanism of the gastric mucous membrane.

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In an attempt to study the mode of cell proliferation of the gastric epithelium in early cancer or other diseases of the stomach, a piece of tissue obtained by biopsy or operation was incubated in vitro with thymidine -H³ and autoradiograph was obtained.
1. A high labeling cell index was found when the tissue from early cancer was used, indicating a marked proliferation in such tissue.
2. No appreciable difference has been found in either labeling index with thymidine -H³ or cell proliferation between superficially spreading and penetrating growth type in early cancer. In addition, no difference in the labeling cell index with thymidine -H³ was found when judged by macroscopic classification, histologic evidence or severity of atypism.
3. In advanced cancer, the labeling cell index with thymidine -H³ was higher in peripheral area than in central area. This suggested a high cell proliferating activity in the peripheral area. Furthermore, labeling cell index was high in early cancer than in peripheral area of advanced cancer. Circulatory disturbance in advanced cancer may explain this difference.
4. So-called atypical epithelium did show a rather lower labeling cell index than the early cancer, suggesting a low proliferating activity.
5 In peripheral area of stomach ulcer, the labeling cell index varied greatly from case to case, possibly because of complex nature in curative processes and recurrence of the ulcer.
6. The technique using in vitro labeling cell index did not make possible to differentiate cancer from other diseases of the stomach.
7. The labeling cell index did not correlate well with the type of Shichijo' s reaction.

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1. The genetic determinant of O-antigen 5 in Salmonella group B, which is related to a blood group A-active Forssman antigen FA, is considered to be situated near his lous, though not so near as those of O-antigen 4 or 9, and not far away from met locus.
The locus of genetic determinant of O-antigen 5 is at least outside the range of co-transduction with his⁺ by phage P22 (iota).
2. The O-antigen 4 is transferred to S. typhi (F^- ; O-9, 12) by mating with S. abony (Hfr; O-1, 4, 5, 12).
The determinant of O-antigen 4 or 9 is found closely linked to the his gene, and cotransduction of these determinants is accomplished with phage P22 (iota). These results indicate that the genetic determinants of O-antigens 4 and 9 are probably allelic.
3. The mutual conjugation hybrids among Salmonella groups B (S. abony, O-1, 4, 5, 12 ; S. paratyphi var, odense, O-1, 4, 12), D (S. typhi, O-9, 12), G (S. poona, O-13, 22 ; S. grumpensis, O-13, 23), R (S. riojrande, O-40) and U (S. milwaukee, O-43) which receive O-antigens with O-antigen-related blood group activities of donors concurrently lose O-antigens with O-antigen related blood group activities of recipients.
These results suggest that the loci of genetic determinants which control the production-not only of O-antigen 4, (12), 9, (12) but also of blood group H-active O-antigen 13 (H), 22, 23, A-active O-antigen 40 and B-active O-antigen 43 may be closely linked with his loci respectively, and allelic with each other.
4. S. paratyphi var. odense (native O-antigen 1, 4, 12) of group B, which was transferred O-13, 23 ; O-40 or O-43, has P22 (iota) without manifestation of O-1, but it is manifested after transfer of O-antigen 4, (5), 12 of S. paratyphi B 8006 of group B or of O-antigen 9, 12 of S. typhi of group D by recombination.
This is considered to indicate that O-antigen 1 may be produced through the action of phage P22 (iota) in the course of production of O-antigen 12.

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With preschool girls and elementary and junior high school girls, the recent trend in menarche, physical development, changes in uriuary hormones and oral mucous cells were investigated with the following results :
1) Average age of menarche for 457 junior high school girls was 12 years and 3.8 months, somewhat younger than the hitherto reported.
2) Menarche occurred most frequently in August, followed by April and January, and infrequently in February, May and September. This is nearly in agreement with the early reports. In term of season, summer ranked the highest in the incidence of menarche, followed by spring, winter and autumn in the descending order.
3) The recent menstruant rate as investigated with 9, 285 elementary and junior high school in Maebashi, was 0.9 % in the 4th elementary school year, 6.4 % in the 5th year, and 23.6 % in the 6th year, and 58.4 % in the 1st junior high school year (twice that in the 6th elementary school year), 87.5 % in the 2nd year, and 96.5 % in the 3rd year. The majority of the menstruants in the 2nd and 3rd junior high school years had menarche in the 1st junior high school year.
4) Physical developments in 106 junior high school girls were compared between menstruants and non-menstruants. Stature, body weight and chest circumference were all greater in average in the menstruant group, and the differences were statistically significant.
5) Average physical development at entrance to junior high school was sought with total 519 girls of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year, and it was found nearly constant in the recent years,
6) Urinary FSH, which was low in early childhood increased with age. There was significant difference in this value between ages of above and below 10 years, but not between pre- and postmenarche in ages above 10 years.
7) It was newly found that urinary LH attained the level of ovulatory phase of adult women already in girls of 2 to 5 years, that it was low from 6 years until menarche and that it again increased after menarche.
8) Urinary estrogen increased with age, becoming abruptly higher from 12-13 years. No significant difference was seen between pre- and postmenarche.
9) Urinary 17 KS increased, like urinary estrogen, with age. At the age of 13 years it attained the level of the mature woman or sometimes even surpassed it.
10) In normal mature and postmenopausal women, parallel findings were obtained between vaginal and buccal smears. However, gingival smears of all the cases showed numerous highly cornified anucleated cells so that it was difficult to appraise difference.
11) Examination of maturatiou index on the basis of buccal smear revealed parabasal cells, a small nunber of superficial cells and numerous intermediate cells in school girls (aged 8-9 years). However in puberal girls (aged 12-13 years) before and after menarche, no para-basal cells were observed, while superficial cells significantly increased over that in school childhood, accompanied by sufficient estrogen activity. In contrast with this, gingival smear showed numcrous anucleated cells in both school childhood and puberty, and not any consistent tendency as did buccal smear. It can therefore be concluded that buccal smear, but not gingival smear, can indicate approximate estrogen activity, and that it can be used for the prediction of menarche.

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In order to examine the systemic effect of intra-articular injection of steroid, and to elucidate the genesis of steroid-osteo-arthropathy, healthy young rats were injected intraarticularly and subcutaneously on the back with 1 mg/rat of prednisolone every other day 21 times in total, and its general as well as osteal effects were examined systematically.
1) Systemic effect of the intra-articular injection was compared with that of the subcutaneous injection in various Points. The body weight at the time of sacrifice was increased by 46.87 ± 11.35 % over that before the intra-articular injection, and by 29.31 ± 7.20 % over that before the subcutaneous injection. Thus the inhibitory effect of the former was smaller than that of the latter. Difference in the inhibitory effect, that is, in body weight gain was not seen within 2 weeks after the injection, and became visible on the 20th day. On the 24th day, body weight gain in the subcutaneous group remained about 70 % of that in the intra-articular group, and the difference became greater with the lapse of day.
The organ weight was also greater in the intra-articular group than in the subcutaneous group, and the difference was especially evident in the adrenal and thymus (the weights of these two organs of the latter group were 83 and 44 %, respectvely, of the former).
As for the longitubinal growth of bone, the width of the distal epiphyseal cartilage line of the femur of the non-injected side in the intra-articular group was greater than that of the either side in the subcutaneous group, the latter being about 84 % of the former on both sides. The same was observed in the proximal epiphyseal cartilage line of the tibia, that in the subcutaneous group being, on both sides, about 76 % of that of the non-injected side in the intra-articular group. And osteoblasts in that of the non-injected side in the intra-articular group was not so atrophied nor decreased in number as in either side in the subcntaneous group. Also atrophy of articular chondrocytes was milder in the foumer than in the latter.
2) The topical effect of the intra-articular injection was compared between the injected and non-injected sides. As for the longitudinal growth of bone, the width of the distal epiphyseal cartilage line of the femuur was smaller on the injected side than on the non-injected side, the former being about 78 % of the latter. This was the case with the proximal epiphyseal cartilage line of the tibia, the former being about 75 % of the latter. Osteoblasts were more atrophied and decreased in number on the injected side, but such difference was not observed in condrocytes.
3) Roentgenography and histlogical examination of the femur and tibia did not disclose any osteonecrosis or osteoclasia in the all groups.
To summarize, the systemic effect of intra-articular injection of steroid was fairly great, though not so remarkable as that of subcutaneous injection. As for the topical effect, it was considerable, though the so-called steroid-osteo-arthropathy was not observed.

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The thresholds of discrimination of sweetness and saltiness were measured by using sugar sol. (12.5-1600mM) for the sweet substance and table salt sol. (50-1600mM) for the salt substance respectively. One group of the solutions used for the discrimination of the sweetness or saltiness consisted of 4 sol. of concentration in mM, R, R₁ (R+ 5/100 R), R₂ (R+ 10/100 R) and R₃ (R+ 20/100 R). The subject tasted the sol. to discriminate the difference of sweetness (or saltiness) between R and R_n one aftar another and was justified when he answered that Rn was sweeter (or salter) than R. The subjects of the experiment were 26 girl students of a high school and 8 adult men and 5 women in our labolatory.
The results were briefly summarized as the following :
Most of the subjects discriminated the sweetness (or saltiness) between R and R3, but about half of the subjects could do it between R and R₂ and few of the subjects could do it between R and R₁ for all experimented concentrations. Thus for discrimination of the sweetness (or saltiness) ΔR/R was roughly constant and estimated about 15/100 in concentration of the sugar (or table salt).

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