The author carried out the test of mental fitness for the action requiring quickness and form the score of the test obtained curves of the learning effect for the action of 33 children (12 years old) of the sixth grade in an elementary school. The test method was one of the measurements of complex reaction time to visual stimulus. The test was performed between 12 a. m. 1 p.m. on every week day over 30 times in total for every subject. The obtained score of each subject was compared with the movement ability, evaluation in physical education and intelligence quotient of the subject. The following were the results.
1) The curve showing learning effect of each subject was in close relation to the school report of the subject. Namely when the subject showed a curve of learning effect above the average the school report of the subject was also above the average.
2) The average curve of learning effect of the children was similar to that of typewriter, both were active accelerating curve.
3) The average curve of learning effect of the children was less excellent than the one of students in middle school, but more excellent than the one of children of the same years in special elementary school.
4) The score of the tests of individual subject showed quite high correlation with the movement ability of the subject and agreed with the grade of the evaluation of physical education.

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1. On the course of in vivo incorporation of ¹⁴C-galactose in bull-forg's heart, uridine diphophate galactose as well as uridine diphosphate glucose were recognized to be rapidly synthesized in the livers, the amount of these sugar-nucleotides being considerably high.
2. Incubation of the gastric mucosa homogenate in the presence of ¹⁴C-galactose resulted to show that the homogenate contained highly active enzyme system to synthesize uridine diphosphate galactose and uridine diphosphate glucose.
3. The homogenate were confirmed also to contain a potent enzyme, α-D-galactosyl transferase which is able to transfer galactose from uridine diphosphate galactose to an endogeneous acceptor to form B blood group active substance.

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1. The genetic association between prophage P22 (iota) and Salmonella genome can be demonstrated by bacterial crosses. The donor strain used is a P22 (iota) lysogenic Salmonella paratyphi B 6617 (O-1, 4, 5, 12) and the recipient is a P22 (iota) nonlysogenic his⁺, pro⁺ recombinant obtained from a cross between S. emek (O-(8), 20) donor and S. paratyphi B var. odense (O-1, 4, 12) recipient or a his⁺ recombinant (O-(8)) from a cross between S.emek (O-(8), 20) donor and S. paratyphi B 8006 (O-4, 5, 12) recipient. In the cross, some of the recombinants selected for possession of the pro⁺ locus of the donor have P22 (iota).
In the reversed cross, with a nonlysogenic male strain S. emek (O-(8), 20) to a lysogenic female strain recombinant (O-(8)) from a cross between S. emek (O-(8), 20) donor and S. paratyphi B var, odense (O-1, 4, 12) recipient, some of the recombinants selected for possession of the pro⁺ or nic⁺ locus of the donor are transferred the P22 (iota) nonlysogeny of the donor. These results indicate that the genetic determinant of P22 (iota) lysogeny maps near pro not so far from nic.
2. In a cross of a P22 (iota) nonlysogenic S. emek (O-(8), 20) F' donor with a P22 (iota) lysogenic O-(8) his⁺ recombinant F-recipient from a cross between S. emek (O-(8), 20) F' donor and S.paratyphi B var. odense (O-1, 4, 12) recipient, O-antigens of some of the pro⁺ or nic⁺ recombinants are changed from O-(8) to O-(8), 20. From a point of frequency of O antigen transfer, the genetic determinant of O antigen 20 is found to be situated near nic, not far away from pro.
3. There are no manifestation of O antigen 20 in semirough recombinants having O antigen 4, 12 from a cross between a donor of S. abony (O-1, 4, 5, 12) Hfr and a recipient of S. emek (O-(8), 20) F-. The donor is the O-(8) his⁺ recombinant from a cross of a S. emek (O-(8), 20) F' donor to a S.paratyphi B 8006 (O-4, 5, 12) F- recipient and the recipient is semirough recombinant having O antigen 4, 12. In this cross, all of the recombinants which receive O antigen (8) from the donor become to manifest O antigen 20. This result indicates that O antigen (8) is necessary for the manifestation of the O antigen 20.

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The interaction of gangliosides, protein and of Ca²⁺ was studies, for clarifying the molecular mechanism of excitation. Purified gangliosides, which were used in this studies were separated on silicic acid column by the stepwise elution of chloroform-methanol-4N NH₄ OH mixture. The interaction between gangliosides and protein was studied in the biphasic solvent system consisting with chloroform, methanol and water.
The results are summarised as follows :
1) All of the added G_T and G_D was recovered from the upperphase even under the presence of Ca²⁺. On the other hand, about 20% of added G_M was recovered in the lower phase.
2) Ganglioside-BSA-Ca²⁺ complex was formed at the interface by the addition of Ca²⁺ and BSA. Maximal complex formation was observed, when 3mg of BSA and 10 μmmoles of CaCl₂ were added to 0.5 μmole of ganglioside.
3) Complex forming ability of each ganglioside was the following order; G_T>G_D>G_M.
4) By the addition of methylated albumin, as the model basic protein, ganglioside-protein complex was formed at the interface in the absene of cation.
5) Two types of complex, which were described above, were dissolved by the addition of K⁺, NH₄⁺ or acetylcholine.
6) Interelationship between the molecular mechanism of excitation of synaptic membrane, which contains large amount of gangliosides, and gangliosides was disscussed.

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⁵⁴Mn Cl₂ was added to a suspension of Ehrlich's ascitis cancer cells to a definite concentration, and the mixture together with the medium-0.9% NaCl, Tris buffer or Krebs Ringer phosphate (KRP) -was incubated in a water bath at 37°C with shaking. ⁵⁴Mn was taken up by the cancer cells.
The mediums, number of the cancer cells, temperature of incubation, carriers, metabolism inhibitors, amino acids, chelating agents, metal ions and anticarionogenic agents were examined for their effects on ⁵⁴Mn uptake by the cancer cells, with the following results.
1) Ehrich's ascites cancer cells gradually took up 54Mn, which was added to KRP, Tris buffer or 0. 9% NaCl. The uptake rate was relatively adrupt in the first 20 minutes, but later became slower. The uptake rate was markedly greater in KRP than in 0.9% NaCl and Tris buffer.
2) With increase in the number of the cells to 5×10⁶, 20×10⁶ and 60 × 10⁶, ⁵⁴Mn uptake rate was elevated. Also the uptake rate per unit number of cells was increased.
3) When KRP (pH 7.4) was used as medium, the uptake rate was highest at 37°C, and lowered with the fall of temperature.
4) Effect of carrier : The uptake was significantly decreased when 54Mn was added to a concentration of 10^-3M or 10^-4M.
5) Effects of metabolism inhibitors : When KRP was used as medium, the addition of MIA or DNP to 10^-3M markedly decreased the uptake, while the addition of KCN conversely incerased it. The addition of DNP to 10^-4M was ineffective. When Tris buffer was used as medium KCN decreased the uptake.
6) Effects of amino acids : The addition of any of glycine, L-cysteine, L-histidine or L-aspartic acid to 10^-3M, significantly decreased ⁵⁴Mn uptake. The addition of Na glutamate, L-lysine or L-methionine to 10^-3M did not affect the uptake.
7) Effects of chelating agents : The addition of EDTA to 10^-3 or 10^-4M. of Na citrate, DL, D-penicillamine and ascorbic acid to 10^-3M and of riboflavin to 200μg produced significant decrease of the uptake. After 100μg of tetracycline, no significant change was observed.
8) Effects of metal ions (with KRP medium) : Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Fe³⁺ Produced increase in the 20 minute uptake. In the 60 minute value, significant increase was produced with Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺, and significant decrease with Mn²⁺ and Ni²⁺.
9) Effects of anticarcinogenic agents (with KRP medium) : The addition of 100μg of Mitomycin C and of 10μg of Toyomycin significantly decreased the 20-minute uptake, and 10 and 100μg of Merphyrin, and of Nitromin significanlty decreased both the 20-minute and 60-minute values.

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The change of the surface potential (electrolytic solution pressure) of the mercury containing some amount of natrium (Na-amalgam) immersed in NaCl solution (1%) was investigated when the surface of Na-amalgam was exposed in the solution and let the current flow in or out of the surface from the electrophysiological view point. The following results were obtained.
1) The surface potential of the mercury was about 0.2 V (against carbon electrode in NaCl solution) but that of Na-amalgam was about 2.0 V, which decreased gradually at first and then quite abruptly to zero when the surface was exposed in NaCl solution.
2) By application of the flow out current from the surface of Na-amalgam, temporal increase of the surface potential was shown but after the off of the current its potential decreased toward the original level.
3) By application of the flow in current to the surface of Na-amalgam, the surface potential decreased temporally but soon returned to the original level.
4) The time course of potential change from the altered level to the original one was different from that of polarization potential.
5) These change of surface potential of Na-amalgam was assumed to depend on that the Na molecule contained in amalgam appears to the surface or disappears from the surface due to the applied current, and also assumed that the surface membrane, for example oxide membrane of electrochemical model of excitation consisting of iron and nitric acid, was not formed.

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