The genetic determinants of the O antigens of Sclmcnella were studied by using Hfr or F' crosses between strains of Salmonella groups B (S. ebony : O-1, 4, 5, 12; S. paratyphi B 8006 : O-4, 5, 12) and E₄ (S. senftenberg : O-1, 3, 19). The main genetic determinants of the O antigens 4, 12 of group B and 3 of group E₄ were considered to be alleles of one locus in so-called O, close to his locus. The genetic determinants of O antigens 1, 19 of group E₄ was estimated to be linked to pro locus.
The O antigen of hybrids between S. senftenberg and S. paratyphi B 8006 which had received his and the genetic detetminant of 3 from S. senftenberg F' was converted from 3 to 3, 15 by infection of phage ε15. The strain thus lysogenized with ε15 became susceptible to phage ε34 and converted its O antigen 3, 15 to (3), (15), 34 by phage ε34. From the study using crosses between a strain of gronp B and the strains thus converted by ε15 and ε34, it was presumed that the prophage attachment site of ε34 (att ε34) is situated in the chromosomal leu-pro-nic region and that O antigens 3, 15 are necessary for the manifestation of the O antigen 34.

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The author carried out the test of mental fitness for the action requiring quickness and from the score of the test obtained curves of the learning effect for the action of 8 boys (14 years) and 8 girls (14 years) of the second grade in a junior high school. The obtained score of each subject was compared with the masterly ability, the evaluation in physical education and the intelligence quotient of the subject. The following were the results.
1) The curve showing learning effect of each subject was in close relation to the school report of the subject, and it was assumed that the curve was useful to know the fitness of the subject for the sport or technique requiring quick action.
2) The average curve of leaning effect of school boys and girls was excellent than that of children in elementary school but less excellent than that of adults and boys of senior high school.
3) The score of the test of individual subject showed quite high correlation with the masterly ability of the subject and was parallel to the grade of the evaluation of physical education.
4) The score of each subject had little relation the intelligence quotient of the subject.

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Gas chromatographic determination of neutral sugars reduced by NaBH₄ as well as aminosugars N-acetylated with acetic anhydride and reduced by NaBH₄ were improved in a system using trifluoroacetyl derivatives of their sugar alcohols in which a glass column was packed with 2 % Silicone XF-1105 on Gas Chrom P.
Constituent sugars in blood group substances from human gastric mucosa were quantitatively determined by the improved method. In addition to fucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine as major component sugars, ribose, xylose, mannose, and glucose were confirmed to be minor component sugars in all samples with blood group activities and in sub-fractions separated from phenol-insoluble B-active glycoproteins, too. Sialic acid was colorimetrically found to be present in tiny amounts in all samples tested but not uronic acids.

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The results derived from experiments using germ free pigs were summarized as follows.
1) Drug-sensitive bacteria, 8 E. coli strains and 1 Klebsiella strain, were orally administrated to the germ free pigs. From their faeces, 5 E. coli strains and Klebsiella strain were recovered by cultivation. The E. coli strain, p-38 was most frequently isolated.
2) The animals administrated with bacteria were treated with TC and then with CM. TC-resistant E. coli strains were found in their faeces a few days after the TC treatment and the TC. CM-resistant ones appeared and increased after the CM treatment, However, TC. CM-resistant Klebsiella strains were detected after the single treatment. with TC.
3) TC. CM-resistance in 2 out of 5 strains and TC-resistance in most of the strains of E. coli were shown to be transferable. Transferable TC-resistance and TC CM-resistance were also found from TC. CM-resistant Klebsiella strains isolated after CM treatment.
4) From those pigs treated with only CLM or without any antibiotics, no drug-resistant bacteria was isolated.
These results supported a prediction that the bacteria become resistant to drugs by mutation selection events after the treatment with antibiotics and that the R factor is formed in these bacteria by acquisition of transferability in vitro by some mechanisms under investigation.

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African clawed toads (Xenopus laevis) were immunized with Salmonella flagella and their immune response was studied comparing with that in mice. Antibody was produced slowly. The titer of serum antibody reached a plateau 3 weeks after the immunization and no remarkable decrease in antibody titer was observed even 20 weeks after the immunization.
There were at least 2 types of antibody; the one being heat-stable and 19S antibody type, and the other heat-labile and 7S antibody type. Both antibodies were found to be inactivated by the treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol. This fact strongly suggested that the heat-labile antibody of 7S type in African clawed toad was different from 7S IgG in mammalians.

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Employing an electrochemical system of Na-amalgam immersed in NaCl solution the current flow which appeared during the voltage clamp was continued and after it interrupted was observed. The followings were the results obtained.
1. With the clamp of depolarizing voltage above a certain intensity, the outward current (directed from NaCl solution to the Na-amalgam) rapidly decreased. After the clamped voltage was turned to zero, an inward current appeared which disappeared with special time course.
2. With addendum of depolarizing voltage clamp repeatedly upon that electrical system which had peen clamped previously with depolarizing voltage of a certain intensity, the outward current generated during the voltage clamp decreased abruptly and soon it increased again. With repetition of the clamp, occurred the abrupt change periodically.
3. With the clamp of hyperpolarizing voltage above a certain intensity, the inward current which appeared during the voltage clamp decreased and after the clamped voltage was turned to zero, the outward current appeared which disappeared with special time course.
4. The inward and outward current which appeared after the clamped voltage (both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing) was turned to zero, were very similar to the course of action current, so to say negative and positive, although the positive action current is not known generally yet.
5. With voltage clamp technique using series of pulses which-can plot separately both total current and generated inward or outward current simultaneously, the results above mentioned could be ascertained more clearly.

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An 11-year-old boy with asymptomatic abdominal distention and communicating hydrocele thought to be ascites for seven years proved to be a lymphangiomatous omental cyst at operation.
Studies of liver and renal function revealed no abnormality to explain the presence of sero-sanguineous fluid on paracentesis.
Forty-nine cases of omental cyst in infancy and childhood are reviewed from Japanese literatures and briefly discussed.
The need for awareness of this rare lesion searching for the cause of a surgical abdominal condition is emphasized.

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