For the clinical evaluation of the results of pulmonary function examination, %VC and %FEV1.0, computed from the observed values, are used. When, howerver, the results are compared between schools to estimate human damages produced by air pollution, this procedure is questionable in view of diffeculty in the computation as well as of adequacy in the assessment of the results.
In the present work we investigated what difference might be produced when observed VC and FEV1.0 were used instead of %VC and %FEV1.0 for the comparison of pulmonary functions of school children between air polluted area and non-polluted area.
1) In the case of the vital capacity, no difference was produced in the comparative results from two schools, no matter whether the obseved values or relative values (per cent) were used.
2) In the case of the timed vital capacity, however, clear difference was elicited according as the observed values or the per cents were used. And in extreme cases, the evaluation was even reversed by using the per cents, the school in the polluted area giving higher values.
3) Scarcely any correlation was observed between observed FEV1.0 and %FEV1.0, the significance level being P=0.1.
4) Those with ventilation disturbance can be indicated by %VC and %FEV1.0. If in comparing the prevalence of the disturbance between two schools, the computation is made only with those giving the observed values below the mean-1 standard deviation, the time of computation is considerably reduced.
From these results it is considered rational to observed values in dealing with the results of pulmonary function examination when it is possible to compare with controls, grouped by age and sex.

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1. Enzyme preparations from the tissues, such as human and pig gastric mucosa, human bone marrow, and pig liver of blood group A, can convert human blood group O erythrocytes to A erythrocytes in the presence of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, and enzyme preparations from the tissues, such as human gastric mucosa and human bone marrow of blood group B, can convert O erythrocytes to B erythrocytes in the presence of UDP-galactose. However, these enzyme preparations can not convert “Bombay” type erythrocytes or the erythrocytes, H-activity of which was destroyed by the treatment with α-L-fucosidase from Bac. fulminans, to blood group A or B erythrocytes.
2. The enzyme preparation from pig gastric mucosa of blood proup A can transfer N-acetylgalactosamine from ¹⁴C-labelled UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine to H substance of blood group O secrtor saliva, and the enzyme preparation from human gastric mucosa of blood group B can transfer galactose, end determinant of blood grous B specifcity, from ¹⁴C-labelled UDP-galactose to H substance. However, these enzymes can not tranfer N-acetylgalactosamine or galactose to the blood group substance of non-secretor or “Bombay” type saliva, and the substance of which H-activity was destroyed by the treatmemt with α-L-fucosidase from Bac. fulminans.
3. Those α-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases and α-galactosyltransferases mentiond above require Mn_??_ and have a PH optimum of 7.0.

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A histidine auxotrophic (his^-) of Staphylococcus aureus MS3937 was isolated. By treatment with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, UV-sensitive mutants of MS3937 his^-were obtained and were found to be sensitive to N-methyl-N'-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine and mitomycin C as well as UV irradiation. Transduction frequencies of the chromosomal markers governing penicillin resistance (pen-r) and his⁺ character to MS3937 his^-UV^s mutants were extremely low as compared with that to MS3937 his^-, they being less than 10^-9. By contrast, the unstable resistance determinants in MS3837 that were irreversively cured by treatment with acriflavine, were transduced easily to MS3937 his^-UV^s mutants at almost the same transduction frequencies to MS3937his^-.These results have indicated that MS3937 his^-UV^s mutants are the recombination deficient (reckless) type mutants as was in the Escherichia coli rec^- and Salmonella typhimurium rec^- These mutats were renamed as MS3937 his^-rec^-. According to transduction of the unstable resistance determinants in MS3837, MS27, E169 and MS642 to MS3937 his^-rec^-, it was concluded that these determinants were located on plasmid as suggested by curing experments.

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1. 10 to 16-day pregnant APG hamsters, new-born APG hamsters and pregnant Donryu rats (whose embryo length 25 to 32 mm) were killed, and the embryo brains as well as new-born hamsters' brains were removed aseptically. The brain fragmemts were pooled in a beaker with a small amount of saline solution and kept at 37°C until the material was ready for inoculation. 85 young adult APG hamsters (50 g in body weight) and 73 young adult Donryu rats (60 g in body weight) were used as the recipients of the transplantation of the brain tissue. The brain tissue was transferred by injection with a syringe into the right cerebral hemisphere of the recipients. As a result space taking lesions were produced intracerebrally in 56 APG hamsters and in 2 Donryu rats.
2. Histological observations revealed that the produced lesions were made up of two large groups.
In one group the lesions consisted of three germlayer components. (Teratoma-like lesion).
In the other group the lesions consisted of well-developed nerve cells. (Gangliocytoma-like lesion).
The incidence of teratoma-like lesion was 17 (15 in hamsters, 2 in rats) and that of gangliocytoma-like lesion was 41.
Gangliocytoma-like lesions varied in size. They ranged from ones occupying the cerebral hemisphere to the small ones which could be recognized microscopically. Microscopic lesions were 10 including 5 with hydrocephalus.
3. Host brains were removed and examined immediately and at intervals ranging from 3 to 27 days after the operation. It was found that the implanted tissue grew and differentiated until it formed a nodulous lesion. There were bones, cartilages and other tissue mixed in one case. It must be inferred that teratoma-like lesions were introduced as a contaminant due to the difficulty encountered in separating brain tissue from surrounding structures.
4. One group of the animals was injected intramuscularly with carcinogen (20-methylcholanthrene). But there was no significant difference statistically in the number of lesions induced between the treated and non-treated animals. Nor any qualitative difference was revealed by histological observation.
Several mother hamsters were killed after injection of H³-methylcholanthrene, and the radioactivity of their organs and embryo organs was counted by liquid scintillation counter. But the radioactivity was too weak to show that methylcholanthrene entered the embryonic brain. It may be said that in this experiment administration of carcinogenic agent did not play any significant role in forming nodulous lesions.
5. 10 lesions (teratoma-like lesion 6, gangliocytoma-like lesion 4) produced by this method were implanted subcutaneously into the animals of the same species. Two of the implants grew slowly in subcutaneous tissue to form pea-size nodules. Their histological structures were both teratoma-like. Implants of gangliocytoma-like lesions produced no results.
It is known from experiments of killing and examining hosts at regular intervals that gangliocytoma -like lesions come to full maturity in 3-4 weeks after implantation, and that they remain as malformations occupying the brain, which do not have true neoplastic character.
6. This experiment suggests that congenital brain tumor of humans including gangliocytoma and teratoma is a space taking intracranial lesion which may grow from malformations.

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