Human and rat endometrium were electron microscopically examined for cyclic change, Arias-Stella atypia in ectopic pregnancy, and features in normal pregnancy (first trimester) and pseudopregnancy.
1. In the proliferative phase, glandular epithelium of human endometrium contains rich ribosomes, well-developed mitochondria and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome-like osmophilic granules, and microvilli on the free surface. In the secretory phase, ribosomes are decreased, development of Golgi apparatus is accompanied by small cystic distention of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, glycogen appears, and cell membrane processes on the free surface are protruded in a lingual or peninsular form. Apocrine is considered to be one of secretion types. Stroma cells in the secretory phase assume fibroblast-like morphology with well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum.
2. The cyclic changes are also observed in glandular epithelium of rat endometrium. During a period from proestrus to estrus, microvilli develop, ribosomes in cytoplasma proliferate markedly and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum develop together with lysosome-like granules. From estrus to metestrus, Golgi vesicles appear in cytoplasma, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are enlarged in lumen, and vesicles are developed, thun indicating the presence of a secretory phenomenon. In the case of rat, eccrine is assumed to be the principal type of secretion.
3. In the early pregnancy, glandular epithelium of human endometrium is characterized by cytoplasmic hypertrophy, glycogen deposition and development of lamellar rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, presnting a structure suggestive of Wessel's type I (helle glykogenhaltige Zellen).
4. Early human decidual cells have vast cytoplasma, in which glycogen is rich, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are well developed, and tonofibril-like fine fibrillar structures are visible. Cell membrane is covered with basement membrane-like homogeneous membrane, and in its interstices are obsered short or polyp-like processes, which contain homogeneous or nucleated osmophilic granules. There is “a nuclear body” in the nucleus of the decidual cell.
5. When a steroid preparation is administered to prolong the menstrual cycle, microvilli are developed on the free surface of cell membrane in the glandular epithelium of endometrium, and in the cytoplasma, organellas are rich, and lucent areas indicative of glycogen areas are visible. Also stroma cell are enlarged with cytoplasma containing markedly increased ribosomes and developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. These features seem to indicate pseudopregnancy, induced by progesterone.
6. Arias-Stella atypia in ectopic pregnancy consists of glandular epithelium with irregular nuclei, and contains rich ribosomes and prominently developed lamellar rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, wich have strong tendency of cystic distension. In lucent cells, frosted glass-like ground substance is visible, and organellas are lost. Glycogen is invisible. These findings, which indicate the effect of chorionic gonadotropin, is considered, on the basis of their ultrafine structure, to present “hypersecretion”. Also stroma cells have vast cytoplasma, and preset the essentially same appearance with glandular epithelium. The nucleus contains “a nuclear body”
7. On the free surface of glandular epithelium of pregnant rat's endometrium, long microvilli are densely grown. Occasionally osmophilic bodies are attached to luminal side of their free ends. Similar osmophilic bodies are also sporadically seen in cytoplasma just beneath the free surface. No glycogen is observed. Stroma cells posses polyp-form processes, but basement membrane is not seen on the surface of cell membrane.

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Calcium requirement increases during pregnancy, leading to calcium deficiency and disturbance of calcification of dentin. Thus far, several calcium preparations have been administered to pregnant women and experimental animals in order to prevent calcium deficiency. However, method of administration has not been sufficientry. The present author has studied the changes in dentin calcification during pregnancy by means of vital staining with lead-EDTA in chronological sequence. Changes in the levels of serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase activity, all of which are intimately related to calcification, were also studied during pregnancy of the rabbit. The effect of the administration of calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, and calcium phosphate were compaired, by using, as indices, the state of the zone of hypocalcification of dentin of the pregnant rabbit in the last trimester, dentin of the newborn, and the blood components of both the parent and the newborn.
The results were as follows :
1. Calcification of dentin of the left mandibular incisor of pregnant rabbit was increasingly impaired during the last trimester of pregnancy. Three to five days befor delivery, a zone in dentin with a sign of marked hypocalcification was noted. Serum levels of calcium and inorganic phosphate were declined gradually as pregnancy progressed. After delivery, there were sudden increases in these parameters, and they returned to normal within a few days. Participation of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin was infered.
2. Administration of a small amount of lead-EDTA (30mg /kg body weight) during pregnancy produced a dark line of lead in the hard tissue of the parent and the fetus. This was used as the base line of the time. This method is more accurate and safer than the previous lead acetate method.
3. By using the pattern of hypocalcification of dentin formed in the later stage of pregnancy as an index, calcifying action of various calcium preparations were compared. The results indicated that calcification of both the parent and the fetus was most strongly accerelated by the administration of calcium gluconate, followed by calcium lactate and calcium phosphate. Little difference was found between the later two.
4. These calcium preparations did not influence the levels of serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and the alkaline phosphatase activity as clearely as they did the pattern of calcification of dentin.

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A case, male, 22 years old, of Schizoid (Laing) was reported. His father died in his early infancy and he was brought up dy his mother. In his childhood, he was used to be left alone at home for the most of time because his mother had been busy in working and in religious activities. His personality had changed gradually and became autistic. He complained of depersonalization and of demasculinity at the time of the first admission to our clinic (18 years old).
In spite of intensive drug-, psychotherapies and care and support by doctors, case workers, employers, he could not find his own way to live in this world. He comitted suicide at the age of 22.
History of his life and his psychic symptoms were described phenomenologically and were tried to understand anthropologically, following the theory of Laing.

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Subacute toxicity of Pluronic F-68, a non-ionic surfactant, was investigated with Wister rats.
Three times every other day intraperitoneal injections of Pluronic F-68 at a dose of 1.0, 4.0, 10 or 40 mg/ml produced no gross changes in the kidney and liver.
But the fatty granulas were observed in the renal tubules and in liver.
In 13 open heart surgery 0.6-1.0 mg/ml of Pluronic F-68 were administered in bypass circuit. Pluronic F-68 was very effective to prevent the hemolysis and no significant harmful side effects were recognized in our series.
But special care have to be directed in prolonged extra-corporeal circulation.

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Employig the bridge-voltage clamp method after Matumoto et al., the peak transient inward current (PTC) which appeared during and after the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing clamped voltage applied to the sciatic nerve of a bullfrog under the electrotonic state was observed. The experimental results, observed with respect to the resting potential, provided that the resting potential reduced with catelectrotonic state and increased with anelectrotonic state, were summerized as the following.
1. The PTC which appeared during the depolarizing clamped voltage became smaller and finally disappeared with reduce of the resting potential, and the PTC after the hyperpolarizing clamped voltage was also the same.
2. With increase of resting potential by increase of the anelectrotonic voltage, the PTC during the depolarizing clamped voltage or after the hyperporizing clamped voltage was the same as in 1.
3. The PTC during or after the clamped voltage which was applied to the varied state of resting potential after the off of the electrotonic voltage was not contradictinal to the results in 1 and 2.

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X-ray films of gastric rupture in the newborn infant were presented with a brief comment.
Case 1 : 1-day-old girl (birth weight 2, 800g.). She developed marked abdominal distention and cyanosis immediately after birth. An up-right scout film of the abdomen revealed massive pneumoperitoneum (Fig. 1) and the absence of the intestinal gas. The diagnosis of the gastric perforation with intestinal atresia was made. A linear tear, 2 cm, was found along the greater curvature high in the fundus. Atresia of the intestine was not confirmed at surgery. The gastric rent was closed in two layers and abdominal cavity was drained. The patient died shortly after operation. Permission for autopsy was refused.
Case 2 : 6-day-old boy (birth weight 3, 100 g.). There had been no difficulties with delivery and no gastric intubation or attempts at resuscitation. On the 6th day of life, he become dyspneic and developed abdominal distention. The plain up-right film of the abdomen revealed pneumoperitoneum. Laparotomy disclosed a 4 cm. linear tear along the greater curvature from the fundus to near the antrum. The rent was closed in two layers and abdominal cavity was drained. He expired on the 1st postoperative day. Postmortem examination revealed generalized peritonitis. The sutured areas in the stomach wall were intact.

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