Sixteen pregnant rats of Donryu Strain were given intravenously with a single dose of 50 mg/ kg of Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on the 15th day (Group I, 9 rats) and the 20th day (Group II, 7 rats) of gestation.
A total of 126 tumors (Group I, 61 and Group II, 65) were produced in 92 of 117 treated offspring which had survived into tumor bearing age. The mean survival time of Group I rats with tumor developement was 317 days after brith and that of Group II rats was 276.
The sites of the total of 126 tumors were formed as following : 27 were produced in the brain (Group I, 21 and Group II, 6), 21 in the spinal cord, 42 in the cranial nerve and ganglia, 8 in the spinal nerve roots, 6 in the peripheral nerves and 22 in the extraneural organs. The neural tumors amouted 104, comprising 82.5% of the total number of the neoplasm.
Significant differences in incidence of the tumors of the brain and those in extraneural organs were demonstrated between Group I and Group II rats.
According to the cytology and the pattern of predominant tumor cells, tumors of the brain and spinal cord were classified into the following types : mixed glioma (18), oligodendroglioma (18), anaplastic astrocytoma or anaplastic glioma (6), ependymoma-like tumor (5) and unclassified tumor (1). The histology of mixed glioma and oligodendroglioma were most common. 5 tumors produced in the spinal cord were classified as ependymoma-like tumor and they showed an isomorphic cell appearance with such architectural characteristics as crowns of cell nuclei around vascular vessels and pseudorosettes. No tumors were found with typical ependymal rosettes.
Almost all the cranial nerve tumors were located in the trigeminal nerve and Gasserian ganglia, microscopically the majority of neurinomas were highly anaplastic with friquent mitotic figures.
Besides grossly visible tumors, histological examinations of the brain and the spinal cord disclosed a total of 138 (Group I, 84 and Group II, 54) foci of glial cell hyperplasia or tumors of microscopic size. Sites of predilection for such foci or small microtumors were the subcortical white matter of the brain, the basal ganglia, the spinal cord, the hippocumpus and the periventricular areas. The predominant cell type of such lesions was either oligodendroglial or astrocytic glia. With increasing tumor size, a number of microtumors with a mixed cellular composition became frequent. There are no focus of the ependymal cell hyperplasia.
The transplantation experiment demonstrated that anaplastic neurinomas were highly transplantable and capable of subsequent transfers through a number of generations.
This experiment demonstrated that a single transplacental exposure of ENU was capable of inducing neuroectodermal tumors, and probably taget cells of it were the astroglia, the oligodendroglia and Schwann's sheath cells.

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Both hemorrhage and infection are still major cause of death in acute leukemia. To evaluate the effect of recent therapeutic measures, the causes of death and the incidence of fatal lesions were studied on 72 autopsy cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia in adult.
The median survival from onset prolonged 2.2 months for untreated cases to 12 months for treated cases with recent combined therapy. Major cause of death in this study were infection in 25 cases (34.7%) of all cases and hemorrhage in 24 cases (33.3%), and both causes accounted for approximatly 70 % of all death. However, striking changes were recognized in comparision with untreated and treated cases. The fatal hemorrhage declined from 47 % to 25 % and fatal infection increased from 11.8% to 66.7%. Although fatal intracranial hemorrhage declined significantly, gastrointestinal and pulmonary hemorrhage were found in high incidence. In the infection, mycotic such as mucormycosis and candidiasis were noted in high incidence and frequently responsible for gastrointestinal and pulmonary hemorrhage. The incidence of meningeal leukemia and hepatic injury also increased in recent cases.
From the result, it appears that recent combined chemotherapy is effective for prolongation of the survival but brings about high incidence of infection, particulary due to fungi, meningeal leukemia and hepatic injury.

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Incarceration or strangulation of the esophageal hiatus hernia is rare and we had not experienced emergency operation of the esophageal hiatus hernia in infants and children until recently.
A 24-day-old femal infant was admitted to the Department of Surgery, Gunma University Hospital on Nov. 11, 1974, with the chief complaint of projectile vomiting since 3rd day of life.
The scout chest film on admission (Fig. 2) revealed large oval and round shadows of air and water densities in the medial and inferior portions of the right hemithorax overlapping with shadows of the heart and the liver. Contrast study disclosed that the gastroesophageal junction was displaced well upward into the posterior mediastinum and the stomach was folded into three parts both at the levels of the body and the antrum in the thorax (Fig. 3). Because of the contrast material did not go into the duodenum, incarceration and obstruction in the esophageal hiatus hernia was suspected and emergency operation was performed. At laparotomy, the entire stomach and the first portion of the duodenum was herniated in the posterior mediastinum but reduction of the herniated stomach was not difficult and no strangulated viscera were found. The crural repair and gastropexy were successfully carried out. She was discharged on Dec. 3rd. and well seven months after the operation.

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A 21 days-old female infant who complained of dyspnea and cyanosis and died from myocardial infarction suddenly after admission to the hospital was reported.
Macroscopically hypertrophy of the heart was observed.
Microscopically calcium deposition in relation to the internal elastic lamina and in the inner media associated with intimal thickening was noticed in the wall of the aorta and medium-sized arteries of several organs. There was new infarction in the myocardium. Despite histologic studies of these_arterial lesions, the cause is not clear. But it was supposed that the medial injury might occured primarily and the calcium deposition and intimal thickening followed.

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Six cases of abdominal epilepsy were studied from viewpoint of food allergy and the following results were obtained.
1. Through elimination and trial ingestion, food allergens were confirmed in all six cases. They were soybean in 6, milk in 2 and egg in 1.
2. Irregular slow dysrhythmia was evidently decreased five days to a month after eliminating food allergens.
3. Diffuse irregular slow dysrhythmia with seizure discharge was markedly increased four to twenty-four hours after giving food allergens.
4. Threshold of activating agents for the EEG was obviously reduced after administering food allergens. In this way close relationship between abdominal epilepsy and food allergy was demonstrated.

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It is generally believed that enviromental factors including obesity may contribute to the predominance of certain features of the diabetic syndromes. An attempt was made, therefore, to determine some characteristics of maturity-onset, obese type diabetes in our diabetes clinic.
The thirty two cases (33.7%) of randomly selected 98 patients with diabetes mellitus were obese type (more than + 20% overweight). The incidence of obese type which was designed as more than + 10% overweight was approximately 60%. The relative rates of abnormal findings on the electrocardiogram, hyperternsion and hyperlipemia were greater in obese type than in non-obese type, while no significant differences between two groups were observed in the incidence of diabetic retinopathy, albuminuria and abnormal knee jerk. The patients with diabetes showed a significantly low serum insulin levels 30 minutes after the oral glucose loading but similar levels of total insulin response in both obese and non-obese type compared to the normal controls, in despite of impaired glucose tolerance.
These observations suggest that the duration of diabetes or control of blood glucose may be more important determinant in inducing diabetic microangiopathy rather than the degree of obesity. In contrast, the incidence of macroangiopathy and hyperlipemia appeared to be related, at least in part, to the degree of obesity which might lead to the peripheral insulin resistance.

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