Thirty-eight malignant and 72 benign soft tissue tumors, and tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone including 40 malignant and 28 benign cases were examined enzyme histochemically in the light and electron microscopes.
Bone lesions, such as osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia and bone cyst showed strong alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase reaction, however, seemed to be not always useful for the differential diagnosis between malignant fibrous histiocytoma and osteosarcoma, because a few cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma were also alkaline phosphatase positive. Alkaline phosphatase positive soft tissue tumors were very few in number. Host capillaries in tumor tissues often showed alkaline phosphatase activity, but hemangioma and angiosarcoma were all negative. Although a few cases of undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma were strongly alkaline phosphatase positive, how to apply this positivity to the differential diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma remains to be investigated.
Detection of positivity in adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase reactions is not always easy in the light microscope, because tumor tissues usually have background staining to some extent. Electron microscopy is very helpful for the detection of weakly positive cases. Adenosine triphosphatase or 5' nucleotidase positive bone and soft tissue tumors were much more in number and kind than alkaline phosphatase positive tumors. While leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, neurilemoma, cardiac myxoma, giant cell tumor of bone, fibrosarcoma, mesothelioma, neurofibroma, and non-ossifying fibroma were adenosine triphosphatase positive, 5' nucleotidase activity was mainly found in the cases of leiomyosarcoma, cardiac myxoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, non-ossifying fibroma, epithelioid sarcoma and leiomyoblastoma. Difference of adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase reaction was found among the histological types of osteosarcoma. Osteoblastic and chondroblastic types showed adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase reactions, whereas the activities were almost not found in fibroblastic type. Further investigation seems to be necessary to solve the problem how to apply these diverse enzyme histochemical findings to the differential diagnosis of sarcomas.
It seems that lysosomal enzymes are not so useful for differential diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors as the membrane associated enzymes. Some of the cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma showed prominent activity of acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase. Multinuclear giant cells of giant cell tumor of bone and osteoclasts in a bone metastasis of carcinoma showed strong acid phosphatase activity, but they had almost no activities of beta glucuronidase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase. Lysosomal enzyme activities of the two giant cells are similar but are different from that of macrophages. Such inflammatory cells as mast cells and neutrophils were naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase positive in addition to acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase. Naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase histochemistry seems to be very useful for detection of mast cells in tumor tissues which cannot be recognized by HE section. We could not find any difference in the number of lysosomal enzyme positive inflammatory cells between benigh and malignant lesions of bone and soft tissues. Lysosomal enzyme activities in soft tissue tumor cells were slightly higher in malignant than in benign cases, whereas there was no difference of the activities between benign and malignant bone lesions.

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The role of secretin on the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer has been not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to determine secretin secretion in the peptic ulcer diseases. Studies were conducted with 30 gastric ulcer (GU) patients, 22 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 16 normal volunteers. Four types of the test were performed : 1) HC1 (pH 1.0, 50ml) acutely administered into the duodenum. 2) iv drip infusion of L-arginine (0.5g/kg, 30min). 3) The mean basal (BAO) and maximum gastric acid secretion (MAO) determined. 4) PFD test. Blood concentrations of secretin, gastrin, glucagon and IRI were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results obtained herein were as follows :
1) The degree of gastric acidity tended to be higher in DU than GU.
2) Serum secretin response to HC1 was significantly lower in DU and normal subjects than in GU, while no change was found in serum gastrin levels.
3) Both basal and arginine-induced IRI levels were lower in GU and DU than in normal controls.
4) There was no difference in the fasting blood sugar, plasma glucagon and urinary catecholamine excretion between GU and DU.
5) PFD test was within normal ranges in the two types of peptic ulcers.
We have demonstarated a different susceptibility in secretin secretion between GU and DU following acute acidification of the duodenum. This finding suggests a possible role of secretin on the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseases, particularly in the hypersecretory state of gastric acid secretion which frequently characterizes DU. In addition, the present date are consistent with the current concept that there is an enteroinsular axis during development of peptic ulcer diseases.

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Xeroradiography were performed in 148 cases with soft tissue masses in their extremities in the past 6 years. The image were classified in 8 types due to the presence and degree of radiodensity, shape and location of the masses and showed as follows : 1. intra-areolar, radioiucent and round or oval (lipoma) 2. intra-areolar, water-dense and rugged-surfaced (hemangioma, lymphangioma) 3. intra-areolar, water-dense and round or oval (ganglion) 4. intra-muscular, radiolucent and round or oval (lipoma, liposarcoma) 5. intra-muscular, water-dense and round or oval (neurioma) 6. unsharpness of fascial plane (malignant neoplasma, invasive fibroma) 7. embeded calcifications (lipoma or hemangioma) 8. no abnormality (very small and intra-muscular neoplasma). Xeroradiography have greatest potential in the description of soft tissue masses in an extremity or limb girdle, because could show minute changes of the radiodensity soft tissue masses and fascial plane around the masses.

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The clinical and pathological observation has been carried out in 59 cases of oral lichen planus examined by our department and results are as follows.
1) Patients were 16 males and 43 females, and predilection was observed in females in their fifties.
2) Within 6 months sized with subjunctive symptom, many of them visited our hospital as their chief complaint was pain.
3) Focus appeared at buccal mucous membrane bilaterally in most cases, then at tongue and then at mucobuccal fold. At buccal mucous membrane a great many reticular patterns appeared but incidence of the pattern except reticular pattern was observed a little and also the difference in disease pattern by site was observed a little. These disease patterns accompanied with erosion were observed in 35 cases. With or without erosion can be considered to be an important index on degree of lesion and presence of secondary lesion, and in this report the cases were classified into erosive pattern and nonerosive pattern regardless of the disease pattern described above.
4) In the investigation on past history and life history 2 cases of oral lichen planus seemed to be drug eruption were experienced. And 1 case grown at buccal mucous membrane developed into squamous cell carcinoma. These cases were all erosive patterns.
5) Investigating the relationship between oral lichen planus and metal prosthesis with referring to patch test, positive percentage was markedly lower compaired with the past reports. In 4 cases progress was observed after metal prosthesis was removed, but since improvement of symptom was recognized only in 1 case, the influence by metal prosthesis is considered to be comparatively small.
6) In the results of glucose tolerance test the incidence of diabetes mellitus pattern or junction pattern showed high (93%), especially in erosive pattern many diabetes mellitus patterns were observed. The possibility that oral lichen planus indicates the early stage of diabetes mellitus is clear.
7) Amount of serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) ranged within the normal values.
8) In histological studies appearance of granular cell layer at mucoepithelium and acceleration of keratinization were seen in a few cases. Squamous cell layer thickened, prolongation and acumination or rete ridges and enlargement of inter-cellular space were shown. And in basal cell degeneration necrosis of cell, liquefaction degeneration and appearance of hyaline body were observed. At subepithelial tissue zonal inflammatory cellular infiltration was present and infiltrate cell was mainly lymphocyte.
In electron microscopic findings inter-cellular space at epithelial layer enlarged, intrusion of amorphous flocculent material was often seen, and numbers of finger-like process and desmosome decreased. Basement membrane was not uniform in thickness and disposition, and duplication, winding and discontinuities were present. The cell infiltrated to sub-epithelial tissue was considered to be lymphocyte but cell-organell was scanty and cluster dense body was not present.
9) With direct immunofluorescence method comparing with cutaneous lichen planus, less cases of immunoglobulin and deposition of complement were observed, but deposition of fibrinogen was observed at high percentage mainly at basement membrane, and in erosive pattern this tendency was shown evidently. With indirect immunofluorescence method serum antibody exhibited negative.
10) Although the author may not conclude on etiology, it was assumed that degeneration of mucoepithelial basal cell and submucosal lymphocyte infiltration were the basis for lesion morphologically, and involvement of mechanism of cellular immunity in epithelial connective layer junction played an important role in pathological process of this disease.

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Changes of cerebral cortex (frontal and occipital) in six cases of Huntington's chorea (HC) and two cases of Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) were studied histopathologically. A particular attention was paid to the changes in the number and size of nerve cells in the third, fifth and sixth layers. These changes were then correlated with the severity of mental symptoms in each case.
Results were summerized as follows :
1) In HC, the cerebral cortex was markedly atrophic ; the atrophy was most remarkable in the fifth and sixth layers. In DRPLA, the cortex was also atrophic, but to a lesser extent as compared with HC;
2) In HC, the number and average size of cortical neurons were markedly reduced. The reductions in DRPLA were less than in HC. However, changes in the neuron density of the cortex were slight and variable in both HC and DRPLA;
3) Changes in the cell size distribution of cortical neurons were almost the same in HC and DRPLA. The population ratio for large neurons greater than 150 μm² was reduced to less than one half, while that for small neurons less than 60 μm² doubled ; and
4) Apparent correlations were found between the severity of dementia and personality changes, and the reduction in the number and average size of neurons in the frontal cortex.

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Forty-four thousand newborn infants were screened for congenital hypothyroidism from Dec '79 to Sept. '81 in Gunma. Four patients diagnosed by this screening program. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in Gunma was 1 : 11, 000, which was slightly smaller than that in Japan. We diagnosed and have treated three patients.
Case 1. girl. 45 day-old. She didn't presented no clinical symptoms. Bone maturation was normal. The concentration of TSH was moderately elavated, but T3 and T4 levels were normal. The thyroid scintigram presented ectopic thyroid gland.
Case 2. girl. 15 day-old. The serum TSH was markedly elavated, but T3 and T4 levels were normal. She had some clinical symptoms-constipation, poor weight gain, poor activity, and muscular hypotony. Thyroid scanning demonstrated ectopic uptakes. She was treated with 1-thyroxine.
Case 3. girl. 14 day-old. Serum TSH was markedly elavated, and T3 and T4 were very low. Bone maturation was delayed and some mild clinical symptoms presented-poor activity, constipation, persistent neonatal icterus, and umbilical hernia. Because the thyroid acintigram demonstrated normal uptakes, the disorder of enzymes for thyroid hormone synthesis was suspected. She treated with 1-thyroxine as case 2.
At present, case 1, 2. and 3 was 18 month-old, 4 month-old, and 3 month-old, respectively. All cases have presented normal neurological development and somatic growth.

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Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was immunized with formalinized vaccine of Aeromonas salmonisida. Rainbow trout produced antibodies that were regulated by season of the year but was independent on the temperature. By sucrose density ultracentrifugation, antibodies were found in three fractions ; in a fraction being higher molecule than IgM fraction of rabbit gamma-globulin and in other two fractions corresponding to IgM and IgG fractions, respectively. In electrophoresis, antibody activities were found in the alpha, beta and gamma regions. The characteristics of these antibodies were regulated by season of the year. But anti-infectious immunity against A. salmonisida was acquired in the fish by the immunization with formalinized vaccine at any season of the year.

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