Thirty-eight malignant and 72 benign soft tissue tumors, and tumors and tumor-like lesions of bone including 40 malignant and 28 benign cases were examined enzyme histochemically in the light and electron microscopes.
Bone lesions, such as osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia and bone cyst showed strong alkaline phosphatase activity. Alkaline phosphatase reaction, however, seemed to be not always useful for the differential diagnosis between malignant fibrous histiocytoma and osteosarcoma, because a few cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma were also alkaline phosphatase positive. Alkaline phosphatase positive soft tissue tumors were very few in number. Host capillaries in tumor tissues often showed alkaline phosphatase activity, but hemangioma and angiosarcoma were all negative. Although a few cases of undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma were strongly alkaline phosphatase positive, how to apply this positivity to the differential diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma remains to be investigated.
Detection of positivity in adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase reactions is not always easy in the light microscope, because tumor tissues usually have background staining to some extent. Electron microscopy is very helpful for the detection of weakly positive cases. Adenosine triphosphatase or 5' nucleotidase positive bone and soft tissue tumors were much more in number and kind than alkaline phosphatase positive tumors. While leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, neurilemoma, cardiac myxoma, giant cell tumor of bone, fibrosarcoma, mesothelioma, neurofibroma, and non-ossifying fibroma were adenosine triphosphatase positive, 5' nucleotidase activity was mainly found in the cases of leiomyosarcoma, cardiac myxoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, non-ossifying fibroma, epithelioid sarcoma and leiomyoblastoma. Difference of adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase reaction was found among the histological types of osteosarcoma. Osteoblastic and chondroblastic types showed adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase reactions, whereas the activities were almost not found in fibroblastic type. Further investigation seems to be necessary to solve the problem how to apply these diverse enzyme histochemical findings to the differential diagnosis of sarcomas.
It seems that lysosomal enzymes are not so useful for differential diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors as the membrane associated enzymes. Some of the cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma showed prominent activity of acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase. Multinuclear giant cells of giant cell tumor of bone and osteoclasts in a bone metastasis of carcinoma showed strong acid phosphatase activity, but they had almost no activities of beta glucuronidase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase and naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase. Lysosomal enzyme activities of the two giant cells are similar but are different from that of macrophages. Such inflammatory cells as mast cells and neutrophils were naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase positive in addition to acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase. Naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase histochemistry seems to be very useful for detection of mast cells in tumor tissues which cannot be recognized by HE section. We could not find any difference in the number of lysosomal enzyme positive inflammatory cells between benigh and malignant lesions of bone and soft tissues. Lysosomal enzyme activities in soft tissue tumor cells were slightly higher in malignant than in benign cases, whereas there was no difference of the activities between benign and malignant bone lesions.

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The role of secretin on the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer has been not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to determine secretin secretion in the peptic ulcer diseases. Studies were conducted with 30 gastric ulcer (GU) patients, 22 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and 16 normal volunteers. Four types of the test were performed : 1) HC1 (pH 1.0, 50ml) acutely administered into the duodenum. 2) iv drip infusion of L-arginine (0.5g/kg, 30min). 3) The mean basal (BAO) and maximum gastric acid secretion (MAO) determined. 4) PFD test. Blood concentrations of secretin, gastrin, glucagon and IRI were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results obtained herein were as follows :
1) The degree of gastric acidity tended to be higher in DU than GU.
2) Serum secretin response to HC1 was significantly lower in DU and normal subjects than in GU, while no change was found in serum gastrin levels.
3) Both basal and arginine-induced IRI levels were lower in GU and DU than in normal controls.
4) There was no difference in the fasting blood sugar, plasma glucagon and urinary catecholamine excretion between GU and DU.
5) PFD test was within normal ranges in the two types of peptic ulcers.
We have demonstarated a different susceptibility in secretin secretion between GU and DU following acute acidification of the duodenum. This finding suggests a possible role of secretin on the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseases, particularly in the hypersecretory state of gastric acid secretion which frequently characterizes DU. In addition, the present date are consistent with the current concept that there is an enteroinsular axis during development of peptic ulcer diseases.

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Xeroradiography were performed in 148 cases with soft tissue masses in their extremities in the past 6 years. The image were classified in 8 types due to the presence and degree of radiodensity, shape and location of the masses and showed as follows : 1. intra-areolar, radioiucent and round or oval (lipoma) 2. intra-areolar, water-dense and rugged-surfaced (hemangioma, lymphangioma) 3. intra-areolar, water-dense and round or oval (ganglion) 4. intra-muscular, radiolucent and round or oval (lipoma, liposarcoma) 5. intra-muscular, water-dense and round or oval (neurioma) 6. unsharpness of fascial plane (malignant neoplasma, invasive fibroma) 7. embeded calcifications (lipoma or hemangioma) 8. no abnormality (very small and intra-muscular neoplasma). Xeroradiography have greatest potential in the description of soft tissue masses in an extremity or limb girdle, because could show minute changes of the radiodensity soft tissue masses and fascial plane around the masses.

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当科を受診した口腔粘膜に病変の限局した扁平苔癬59例について臨床的ならびに病理組織学的観察を行い, 次の成績を得た.
1) 男性16例, 女性43例で, 50歳台の女性に好発した.
2) 自覚症状を覚えてより6カ月以内に, 疹痛を主訴として来院する者が多かった.
3) 病巣は両側性に頬粘膜に生ずる例が手最も多く, 次いで舌, 歯肉頬移行部の順であった.頬粘膜では網状型が多発し, 網状型以外の型の頻度は少なく, 部位による病型の差も少なかった.これらの病型の上にびらんを伴う症例は35例であった.びらんの有無は病変の軽重, 二次的病変の存在を示す上で重要な指標になると思われ, 今回の報告では症例を本来の病型とは別にびらん型, 非びらん型に大別した.
4) 既往歴, 生活歴の調査で, 薬疹と思われる口腔扁平苔癬を2例経験した.また, 頬粘膜に生じた例は扁平上皮癌に進展した。これらの症例はいずれもびらん型であった.
5) 金属補綴物との関係を貼布試験を参考にして調べ, 従来の報告例に比較して陽性率はかなり低かった.4例において金属補綴物を除去し経過を観察したところ, びらん型の1例のみに症状は改善され, 金属補綴物の影響は比較的少ないと考えられる.
6) ブドウ糖負荷試験成績において, 糖尿病型ないし境界型の症例の頻度は高く (93%), とくにびらん型では糖尿病型が多かった.糖尿病の初期症状である可能性が高い.
7) 血清免疫グロブリン量IgG, IgA, IgMは正常値の範囲内にあった.
8) 組織学的には数例に粘膜上皮の顆粒細胞層の出現と角化充進が見られた.棘細胞層は肥厚し, 釘脚の延長と尖鋭化, 細胞間隙の開大を示し, また基底細胞には, 細胞の変性壊死像, 水泡変性, hyalinebodyの出現が認められた.上皮下組織には帯状の炎症性細胞浸潤があり, 浸潤細胞は主にリンパ球であった。
電顕所見では上皮層の細胞間隙が開大し, しばしば無定形累状物質の浸入が見られ, finger-likeprocessやdesmosomeの数が減少していた.基底膜は厚さや走行が不均一で重複化, 蛇行, 断裂などが認められた.上皮下組織に浸潤する細胞はリンパ球と考えられたが, 細胞小器官は乏しく, 集合性デンスボディーは認められなかった.
9) 螢光抗体直接法では, 皮膚扁平苔癬に比較して免疫グロブリン, 補体の沈着例は少なかったが, 基底膜を中心にfibrinogenの沈着が高率に認められ, とくにびらん型ではその傾向は強かった.間接法では血中抗体は陰性であった.
10) 病因については結論し得ないが, 形態学的に粘膜上皮基底細胞の変性と上皮下組織のりンパ球浸潤が病変の基本であり, 上皮固有層境界部における細胞性免疫機構の関与が本疾患の病的過程に重要な役割を演じていると推測された.それとともに, 本症で高率に糖尿病型ブドウ糖負荷成績を示したことから, 糖尿病が本症の発生に関与している可能性が考えられた.

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ハンチントン舞踏病6例, DRPLA 2例について, 大脳皮質の変化を病理的, 特に細胞計量的に検討した.さらにこれらの変化と各症例の精神症状の重症度とを比較した.
ハンチントン舞踏病においては, 大脳皮質全体が萎縮していたが, 特に皮質第V-VI層の萎縮が目立っていた.DRPLAでは大脳皮質の萎縮はハンチントン舞踏病と比較し軽度であった.
ハンチントン舞踏病では大脳皮質第III層および第V-VI層の神経細胞数および平均断面積が減少していた.DRPLAでは神経細胞の数および平均断面積の減少はハンチントン舞踏病に比し軽度であった.しかし, 単位面積あたりの細胞数の変化は, ハンチントン舞踏病およびDRPLAともに軽度で, 一定の傾向を示さなかった.
神経細胞の面積別の度数分布は, ハンチントン舞踏病およびDRPLAではほぼ同様な変化を認めた.150μm²以上の大型神経細胞の割合が著しく減少し, 60μm²未満の小型神経細胞の割合が増加していた.
痴呆, 性格変化などの精神症状の重症度と前頭葉皮質神経細胞の細胞数および細胞断面積の減少との間に相関を認めた.

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Forty-four thousand newborn infants were screened for congenital hypothyroidism from Dec '79 to Sept. '81 in Gunma. Four patients diagnosed by this screening program. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in Gunma was 1 : 11, 000, which was slightly smaller than that in Japan. We diagnosed and have treated three patients.
Case 1. girl. 45 day-old. She didn't presented no clinical symptoms. Bone maturation was normal. The concentration of TSH was moderately elavated, but T3 and T4 levels were normal. The thyroid scintigram presented ectopic thyroid gland.
Case 2. girl. 15 day-old. The serum TSH was markedly elavated, but T3 and T4 levels were normal. She had some clinical symptoms-constipation, poor weight gain, poor activity, and muscular hypotony. Thyroid scanning demonstrated ectopic uptakes. She was treated with 1-thyroxine.
Case 3. girl. 14 day-old. Serum TSH was markedly elavated, and T3 and T4 were very low. Bone maturation was delayed and some mild clinical symptoms presented-poor activity, constipation, persistent neonatal icterus, and umbilical hernia. Because the thyroid acintigram demonstrated normal uptakes, the disorder of enzymes for thyroid hormone synthesis was suspected. She treated with 1-thyroxine as case 2.
At present, case 1, 2. and 3 was 18 month-old, 4 month-old, and 3 month-old, respectively. All cases have presented normal neurological development and somatic growth.

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Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was immunized with formalinized vaccine of Aeromonas salmonisida. Rainbow trout produced antibodies that were regulated by season of the year but was independent on the temperature. By sucrose density ultracentrifugation, antibodies were found in three fractions ; in a fraction being higher molecule than IgM fraction of rabbit gamma-globulin and in other two fractions corresponding to IgM and IgG fractions, respectively. In electrophoresis, antibody activities were found in the alpha, beta and gamma regions. The characteristics of these antibodies were regulated by season of the year. But anti-infectious immunity against A. salmonisida was acquired in the fish by the immunization with formalinized vaccine at any season of the year.

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