Fifty-eight cases of breast cancer with gross multiple tumors in the unilateral breast were studied with regard to clinicopathological features and survivals, and compared with 926 cases of single tumor.
The results obtained were as follows :
1) In carcinomas with multiple tumors in the unilateral breast, T₂ was more frequent and T₁ was less frequent than those of 926 cases of single tumor.
2) Papillotubular carcinoma was more frequent and scirrhous carcinoma was less frequent in cases of multiple tumor.
3) Microscopically, multicentric carcinoma foci were found in 8 of 58 patients with multiple tumor.
4) Metastases to the axillary lymph nodes were present in 69.0 % of cases with multiple tumor and in 48.7 % with single tumor.
5) The 10-year cumulative survival rate was 60.7 % in patients with multiple tumor and 68.6 % in those with single tumor.
6) According to the General Rule of the Japan Mammary Cancer Society, the T-category of a case is defined by using T of the largest tumor. As a result of survival analysis, however, this study revealed that it is reasonable to assess T as the summed diameter of multiple tumors instead of that of the largest tumor.

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Cutaneous neurofibromas obtained from 7 patients with von Recklinghausen's disease were investigated light microscopically, immunohistochemically and electron microscopically. Neurofibromas consisted of two kinds of cells : Schwann cells, which were stained with anti-S-100 protein Ab and possesed a basement membrane and endoneural fibroblasts which were not stained with anti-S-100 protein Ab and did not show evidence of a basement membrane.
Culture from neurofibromas was performed by 2 methods. Also, in primary culture, 2 kinds of cells were observed from explants. One type of cell was large and flat fibroblast and the other was a small dendritic cell. Large and flat cells (neurofibroma-derived fibroblasts, NF-fibroblasts) became dominant as with the passage of time, and small cells eventually disappeared. These NF-fibroblasts were not stained with anti-S-100 protein Ab. In contrant, dendritic cells grown from a single cell suspension were S-100 protein-positive Schwann cells.
NF-fibroblasts grew very slowly in MEM with FCS as compared with dermal fibroblasts. However, these cells exhibited significant enhancement of growth or DNA synthesis by addition of sera from patients with Recklinghausen's disease. In contrast, the growth of Schwann cells and dermal fibroblasts was less marked and no difference was observed in the growth of these cells following addition of serum from Recklinghausen's disease compared with that from other patients.
In addition, NF-fibroblasts showed higher incorporation of ³⁵S-H₂SO₄ compared with Schwann cells and dermal fibroblasts.

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Alcohol and drug metabolizing activity in placenta is one of the important factors influencing fetal health status, especially when the gravida is exposed to alcohol or drugs. In the present investigation, we measured the activities of alcohol and drug metabolizing enzymes of microsomes obtained from twenty-six human placentas and compared these activities with those of rat liver. Aminopyrine N-demethylase activity of human placental microsomes was 37.3 ± 6.2 (n mol formaldehyde/mg protein/15 min), while that of rat liver microsomes was 90.6 ± 18.4. Rat liver microsomes showed distinct activity for aniline hydroxylase and benzpyrene hydroxylase. In contrast, human placental microsomes had no activity for either of these enzymes. Activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) in human placental microsomes were approximately one-tenth of those in rat liver microsomes. No relationship was found between the activities of microsomal enzymes in placenta and the properties of gravida, placenta and pregnancy including term of pregnancy, frequency of delivery and weight of placenta. However, between the activities of microsmal enzymes in placenta and the age of gravida, a negative interrelation was found.

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The ultrafine cytomorphology of various established cultured cell strains was studied, with special emphasis on the appearance frequency of the nuclear body [NB] in the section plane and its significance. This frequency was higher in strains MKN-45 and GMK-8 than in MKN-28, that is, in poorly differentiated, rather than in well differentiated gastradenocarcinoma-derived strains, the former containing, as well as type 1 NB found in the latter, types 2 and 3 NB's. Human lymphogenic strains showed extremely low frequencies of NB. L-929 cells showed type 1 NB at the rate of 30.3%, type 2 NB at 6.0 % and type 3 NB at 0.8 %, thus making a total as high as 37.1 %. When L cells were morphologically classified into A, B and C types according to the grade of retrograde change, A gave NB 17.7 %, B 45.8 %, and C 25.8 %.The NB of subtype b increased with the advance of retrograde change, the NB frequency being lower in the logarithmic growth phase, increasing in the stationary phase, and again decreasing in the death phase.

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Recent chemotherapy for bronchogenic carcinoma was discussed and our protocol of combination chemotherapy and clinical cases who received chemotherapy according to our protocol were also presented.
In relation to the progress of chemotherapy, small cell bronchogenic carcinoma has becoming curable disease by modern combination chemotherapy. Study on the efficacy of alternating combination chemotherapy with CAV (cyclophosphamide, ACNU and vincristine) and AVP (adriamycin, epipodophyllotoxin and cisplatin) is now under investigation.
In non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma, it is rare to be curative completely by chemotherapy only, and the development of more effective new drugs are expected. Also, randomized trial on the efficacy of combination chemotherapy with PAM (cisplatin, adriamycin and mitomycin C) and PV (cisplatin and vindesine) for non-small cell carcinoma has been investigated.

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The emulsionized Methyl-CCNU (Me-CCNU-E) was injected endoscopically into normal canine stomachs. The emulsion was detected in the submucosal layer of the stomach wall and regional lymphnodes histologically by Oil-red-O stain. Using the Me-CCNU concentrated in higher than 20mg/ml, ulceration was made in the gastric mucosa where the emulsion was injected. But in case of the concentration of Me-CCNU was lower than 10mg/ml, no compicated lesion was found.
Stomach cancers were induced in two Beagle dogs experimentally by N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), and Me-CCNU-E was injected directly into the tumors endoscopically.
One dog had advanced stomach cancer which was classified into Borrmann type III. Me-CCNU (10mg/ml) was injected into the tumor 9 times within 13 weeks in total dose of Me-CCNU, 130mg.
At the 17 weeks after the initial injection, the dog was sacrified and examined histologically. The cancer was not reduced, but degenerative findings were observed histologically in the tumor where the emulsion was injected. Regional lymphnode metastasis was not found. In the other dog, a II a + II c shaped advanced cancer and two II c shaped early cancers had been induced by ENNG. Total dose of 120mg of Me-CCNU-E (20mg/ml) was also injected into those tumors. At the 12 weeks after the treatment, this dog died for a perforation of the stomach.
On the histological examination, cancer nests were still remained, however most of the tumors were vanished distinctly.
It has been reported that the endoscopic injection of anticancer agents to the stomach cancer is useful method for the treatment of stomach cancer in the cases of high aged patients and poor risk patients. Through this experiment, it was indicated that the treatment of anticancer agents with emulsion was more effective to cure not only the cancer but the lymphnode metastasis.

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A 33-years old female was referred to our hospital with the diagnosis of acute peritonitis, unknown origin.
Hematological date showed the leucocytosis with neutrophilia, the slight decrease in platelet count (10 × 10⁴/mm³), the severe decrease of serum fibrinogen (89mg/dl), and the moderate increase in serum FDP (10μg/dl), bleeding time (9min.), coagulating time (15min.), the culture of the blood resulted in no growth of bacteria, but Limulus test was positive.
Our diagnosis is sepsis at the beginning, but we found small ulcer covered black crust at her right leg, and established Tsutsugamshi disease by serological test.
The patient was completely recovered by the therapy with tetracycline, but this clinical course was abnormal, so we reported this case, and studied about a state of occurrence of Tsutsugamushi disease in Gunma prefecture, and investigated about new type of Tsutsugamushi disease in Japan.

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A 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of easy fatigability. He didn't have jaundice, itching, hypercholesterinemia and xanthoma. Liver function tests were as follows : total bilirubin, 0.9mg/dl ; GOT, 51IU/l ; GPT, 85IU/l ; alkaline phosphatase, 216IU/l ; γ-GTP, 36IU/l ; total protein, 7.9g/dl ; γ-globulin, 1.79g/dl. HBs antigen and α-fetoprotein were negative. Antimitochondrial antibody and other autoantibody were negative. IgM level was 111mg/dl.
Blind liver biopsy specimens showed chronic active hepatitis with changes of interlobular bile ducts. But papillary appearance of the epithelium was not observed, plasma cells were rarely infiltrated and granuloma was never seen. In these points, the present findings differed from the bile duct lesions in CNSDC found in early stage of PBC.

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