The present study was undertaken to examine how morphine changes food intake in non-fasted or fasted rats with administration time. Morphine (1, 3, 5 and 10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 10 : 45 (light period injection) or 18 : 45 (dark period injection). In non-fasted rats, morphine increased food intake for 2 hr after the light period injection, but decreased it for 2 hr after the dark period injection. In fasted rats, morphine decreased food intake for 2 hr after both the light and dark period injections. The orectic effects of morphine during the light period in non-fasted rats were not influenced by adrenalectomy (AD_x), adrenodemedullation (ADM_x) and streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetes, whereas the anorectic effects of morphine during the dark period in non-fasted rats were attenuated by AD_x, ADM_x and STZ-induced diabetes. Corticosterone (10 mg/kg) itself had no effects on feeding during either the light or dark period. Serum insulin levels were not altered at 15 min. after the light period injecton, but markedly decreased at 15 min. after the dark period injection. These results show that morphine has opposite effects on feeding behavior according to the time of administration and feeding condition, suggesting that morphine suppresses feeding only during the dark period, presumably through the adrenal function and inhibition of insulin release, but not during the light period.

View full abstract

In order to establish a topical chemotherapy against stomach cancer, the following experiments were performed.
1. Adriamycin (ADM) solutions were injected through an endoscope into the submucosal space along the lesser curvature of normal canine stomachs. The dogs were sacrificed at various time intervals after initial injection and the concentration levels of ADM in the tissue were measured for fundamental study. ADM levels in the tissue at the gastric wall where the drug had been injected were one hundred times or more higher than in cases which had received ADM intravenously. At the regional lymph nodes along the lesser curvature, the ADM level was almost equal to that in the gastric wall where the drug had been injected.
2. Stomach cancers were induced in 4 dogs by oral administration of N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. One milliliter of ADM, 1 mg/ml was injected directly into 3 lesions in 2 dogs endoscopically. Total doses of ADM were 4 to 15 mg against each tumor. Two out of 3 tumors were almost completely reduced by this procedure, but minute cancer nests still remained histologically. One lesion among those treated was not reduced in size, but severe degeneration was observed histologically. No complication has occurred in these two dogs. One milliliter of ADM, 10 mg/ml was injected into 6 lesions in 2 dogs. Total doses were 2.5 to 10 mg against each tumor. Three lesions disappeared completely, and the other three lesions were markedly reduced in size. Three of 6 elevated cancers completely disappeared, but remnant cancers were observed in all of 3 depressed cancers treated by this therapy. Ulceration occurred in 5 out of 6 lesions. Perforation was observed in one of the five ulcerations. No lymph node metastasis was found in any of 4 dogs.
It was indicated that endoscopic local injection of ADM against stomach cancer was effective to some extent in curing not only the primary lesion but also its lymph node metastases.

View full abstract

Out of 52 cases of breast cancer whose primary tumors had been examined with regard to estrogen receptors (ER) in multiple portions, 12 cases showed recurrence after radical mastectomy. In this study, the relationship between inter-site variation of ER and the effect of endocrine therapies was studied in the 12 recurrent breast cancers.
In six of the 12 cases, ER were measured only in the central and peripheral portions. All of them were negative or showed only low levels even if they were positive.
ER of the other six cases out of the 12 were measured in the central, peripheral, largest cross-section and/or whole tumor (a mixture of cytosols from multiple sites within the tumor). Three of the 6 cases, which were ER-negative in all portions, did not respond. The other 3 cases showed inter-site variation of ER because of the difference of ER status in the central and peripheral portions in each case.
Two of the 3 cases were non-responsive ; one was ER-negative for whole tumor and the other was ER-boderline for largest cross-section. The remaining ER-positive case responded for largest cross-section.
These results showed that ER assay at the largest cross-section within large tumors was most useful for predicting the effect of endocrine therapy.

View full abstract

Seven cases of malignant hepatic tumors (2 primary hepatomas and 5 metastatic tumors) were examined pathologically. Six of these cases were resected surgically and one of them was dissected.
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was performed in 3 cases and one shot intraarterial infusion chemotherapy (IACT) was done in 4 cases preoperatively.
1) One metastatic tumor (well differentiated adenocarcinoma) treated by IACT showed almost complete tumor necrosis. Since then our procedure has been to start with TAE followed by IACT expecting a better effect with the use of both.
2) Almost all chief tumors modalities necrotic in the three cases treated by TAE.
3) Apart from the tumor, the normal hepatic tissue became treated by TAE showed scattered small areas of bloody necrosis. In one case dissected about 7 months after TAE there were several small degenerative areas in normal hepatic tissue.
4) The most effective necrosis of TAE and IACT was obtained in cases with hyper vascular tumor fed by dilated hepatic arterial branches.
5) Two of three faint vascular tumors seen only on infusion hepatic angiography showed limited effect of IACT, but one of them showed almost complete tumor necrosis about 7 months after TAE.
6) Metastases of differentiated adenocarcinoma were expected to show good response to TAE and IACT.

View full abstract

A rare case of dorsal dislocations of the first, second and third metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints, occurring in a 29-year-old man, was reported. The dislocation of the first MTP joint could be reduced manually, but the second and third MTP-dislocations had to be surgically reduced.
In the X-ray, shortening of the second and third toes with increased MTP joint-spaces in anteroposterior view and plantar location of the second and third metatarsal heads in relation to the proximal phalanx in lateral view, were observed. Hyperextension of the MTP joints was the cause of these dislocations.
The second and third metatarsal heads were trapped between the fibrocartilagenous plate on the plantar side, and the dorsal joint-capsule and deep transverse metatarsal ligament on the dorsal side. They were reduced easily by division of the fibrocartilagenous plate, the deep transverse ligament and the dorsal joint-capsule.

View full abstract