Various immunomodulators were administered to male Wistar rats for 4 months following 4-months' administration of ENNG. The effect of such immunomodulators on the incidence of cancer and the immunological parameters was studied by comparing these treated rats with control rats and those rats given only ENNG (non-treated group). The results were as follows.
The incidence of cancer was significantly lower in the groups treated with LMS, OK-432, LENT and RBS, and the incidence in the group treated with PSK also tended to be lower than in the non-treated group.
The average size (longer diameter) of ENNG-induced tumors in all treated groups was significantly smaller than in the non-treated group.
The chemotaxis of peritoneal macrophages lowered by administration of ENNG was markedly increased in the treated groups. Also comparison with the control group showed that it was significantly higher in the OK-432, LENT and RBS groups.
The lymphocyte blast formation in the peripheral blood caused by both PHA and PWM and that in the mesenteric lymph nodes caused by PHA were noticeably recovered from the lowering by administration of ENNG in all treated groups.
The lymphocyte blast formation in the mesenteric lymph nodes caused by PWM was significantly restored in the treated groups other than the RBS group. The blast formation in the peripheral blood caused by PHA was higher in the OK-432 and RBS groups, that caused by PWM was higher in the OK-432 and RBS groups, and that caused by PWM was higher in the OK-432 and LENT groups, as compared with the control group.
From the determination of the T-cell subpopulation by using monoclonal antibody, the following results were obtained. The percentage of T-cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes was markedly increased in all treated groups. In the spleen it was markedly decreased only in the non-treated group as compared with the control group, and there was no significant difference between the treated and non-treated groups. The percentage of T-cells in the in peripheral blood did not differ at all among the treated, non-treated and control groups.
The h/s lowered by ENNG in the peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen was markedly increased in all treated groups.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using polystyrene beads as an antigen carrier and β-D-galactosidase as the enzyme marker, has been developed for detecting specific IgE antibodies in the peripheral blood of atopic patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis and bronchial asthma.
1) This method was able to differentiate allergic patients from healthy subjects by specific IgE antibody levels.
2) Polystyrene beads used as the carrier can be well coated with each antigen. 100 or more μg of protein/ml of its antigen is needed for the coating.
3) Reproducibility of this method was acceptable because there was little difference in the results from individual beads.
4) Specific IgE antibody levels measured by this method correlated well with those measured by RAST and other ELISA using paper discs.
These results suggest that ELISA using polystyrene beads is of value, in place of RAST, in the diagnosis of allergic diseases.

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The chemical and immunological properties of thyroglobulins (Tg) in the tissue obtained from patients with two types of thyroid tumors, i.e., functioning and non-functioning, were compared with the properties of Tg which was isolated from the peripheral tissue adjacent to the individual tumor.
The amount of Tg per unit weight of tissue was much smaller in malignant tumors (carcinoma) of the thyroid than in normal thyroid tissue or benign tumors (adenoma). Moreover, the Tg content of the peripheral tissue adjacent to thyroid carcinoma was also decreased slightly, in contrast to the histological examination which showed normal features.
In the non-functioning tumors, especially in carcinoma, Tg contained less iodine and thyroid hormone. However, the iodine content of the peripheral tissue remained at about the level of that of normal Tg. In contrast to these findings, Tg in the functioning tumor was iodinated at a level close to that of normal tissue, and, interestingly, Tg from the peripheral tissue usually had a lower iodine content than the tumor Tg.
In the carbohydrate moiety, the sialic acid content of Tg was decreased in both functioning and non-functioning tumors. Furthermore, there was no relationship between the amount of sialic acid and that of iodine, as observed with Tg in normal thyroid tissue. The lower sialic acid content was in accordance with the different chromatographic properties of normal Tg in lectin-gel, which depended on the unusual structure of the oligosaccharide chains seen in tumor Tg.
In the immunological properties, Tg of non-functioning tumors, both adenoma and carcinoma, generally showed a lower affinity for antiserum against Tg than did normal Tg. Furthermore, even Tg from normal peripheral tissue adjacent to carcinoma had decreased affinity for antibodies. On the other hand, Tg of functioning tumors and their adjacent tissues had higher affinity for the antiserum than normal Tg, in some cases. These findings suggest that various Tg preparations from tumor and adjacent tissue are heterogeneous with respect to their conformation, and therefore differ from normal tissues, and that the differences have no relationship to the iodine content.

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Three cases of paraquat (P) poisoning are reported. Patient 1 was admitted to our hospital about 45 min after ingestion of 130ml P. He was treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) and blood exchange. He suffered from severe mouth irritation, pharyngalgia, vomiting and nausea. Hematemesis, melena and renal damage appeared gradually. He became delirious due to disturbance of consciousness on the 3rd day, and he died of respiratory failure on the 5th day. Patient 2 was admitted to hospital about 2h after ingestion of 3ml P. He was treated with forced diuresis, PD. dexamethasone and adsorbin plus MgSO₄. He showed frequent vomiting, hematemesis and melena on days 1-8. Marked dyspnea and liver damage appeared and continued up to the last hospital day. He died of respiratory failure on the 15th day. Patient 3 ingested 20ml P and was admitted to hospital on the following day. She suffered from headache, gastralgia and severe palpitation, and was treated with forced diuresis and predonine. On the 6th day, she developed respiratory distress and suffered from cyanosis. She died of respiratory failure on the 13th day.
The present treatments failed to improve the symptoms. However, reports referred to in the text have suggested that earlier treatment with large amounts of corticosteroid and hemopurification with frequent irrigation of the gastrointestinal tract with absorbent materials may be effective.

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Mass screening for detecting both breast and thyroid cancer at the same time was performed from 1980 to 1986 in Gunma prefecture with the cooperation of Gunma Cancer Society. The total number of subjects during these 7 years on the first screening with physical examination was 152, 651. Of these, 14, 663 women (9.6%) were required for the second examination. Breast cancer was detected in 126 women, with a detection rate of 0.08% and thyroid cancer in 216 women (0.14%). The detection rate for breast and thyroid cancer was twice as high at the initial screening than at the subsequent screening. The breast or thyroid cancer detected by mass screening was in an earlier stage and showed better prognosis than that of ordinary outpatients in our hospital. Interval breast cancer was found in 15 cases with Tis, Stage I or Stage II and very favorable prognosis. A concurrent mass screening program is a useful means for early discovery and early treatment of breast and thyroid cancer. Hereafter, the number of initial examinees and women aged 60 or more should be increased. Also it is important to train physicians participating in screening and to educate women about practicing breast self-examination.

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An 18-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of glucosuria, thirst and weight loss. None of his family members had diabetes mellitus. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities except for marked obesity. He was suspected of having diabetes mellitus on the basis of an oral glucose tolerance test. No insulin response to the ingestion of 75g of glucose was recognized. Hyperlipidemia was remarkable. After appropriate dietary therapy for 33 days, insulin secretion was gradually restored, resulting in the improvement of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. The transient abnormal glucose tolerance seen in this patient could be explained in terms of an abrupt increase in insulin demand due to obesity and polyphagia, possibly causing depletion of insulin stock in the pancreatic β cells. However, insulin secretion recovered with the decreased demand resulting from a correct diet.

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Nowadays, it is very rare to find cases of “gumma” in the syphilitic aorta. We describe here a case of perforated aortic aneurysm with syphilitic lesions (“gumma”). The patient, a 44-year-old male school teacher, collapsed during the gymnastic lesson at his school, and was sent to our hospital, where he died three hours later. Postmortem examination revealed a ruptured aortic aneurysm. This saccular thoracic aortic aneurysm (10 × 10 × 8 cm) originated just above the diaphragm. Perforation of the aneurysm was also found. The postmortem blood revealed no positive Wassermann's reaction. Microscopically, a number of “miliary gummas” were found in the aortic wall, accompanied by obliterative endarteritis with narrowing of the vasa vasorum lumen and lympho-plasmacytic infiltration. Treponema pallidum was found by the Levaditi method.

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