In dogs with bilateral nephrectomy or bilateral ligation of renal arteries, marked hypertrophy and increase in small fat droplets were observed in the cells of the deeper layer of the glomerular zone of the adrenals.
There was no close relationship between the degrees of hypertension and of hypertrophy of the cells. But a parallelism between the latter and the degrees of fibrinoid degeneration of vascular walls in various organs was noticed.
As one of the causes of the increased vascular permeability leading to the development of fibrinoid degeneration in the present study, the action of mineralo-corticoids secreted execessively from the glomerular zone was considered.

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In vitro experiments were carried out on subcutaneous Yoshida sarcoma using various drugs in combination with irradiation, with the following results :
(1) Cyanide at 2×40^-3 mol with irradiation did not show any effect.
(2) Monojodoacetate at 2×10^-3 mol with irradiation showed protective effect.
(3) Cysteine L-glutamic acid at 2×10^-3 mol with irradiation did not show any effect.
(4) D-glutamic acid at 2×10^-3 mol exhibited remarkable effect to increase sensitivity.
In vivo experiments were carried out on subcutaneous Yoshida sarcoma using D-glutamic acid 1mg/kg in combination with irradiation.
(1) D-glutamic acid exerted no effect on the development of Yoshida sarcama.
(2) D-glutamic acid in combination with700γ of irradiation exerted remarkable effect to incseae sensitivity.
(3) Toxicity of D-glutamic acid was extremely small.

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With progress in the studies of blood coagulation, analysis of coagulating factors in thrombotic embolism has been advanced, and as a cause of this disease, enhanced coagulability is drawing attention of workers. There are, however, few reports on the investigation of change in antithrombin. In view of this, the author performed experiments on the change in related diseases, with the following results.
1. On 132 cases, consisting of 20 healthy youths, 31 healthy old men, 34 hypertensive patients, 15 patients with cerebral 23 haemorrhage patients with encephalomalacia and 9 patients with myocardial infarction, plasma total antrthrombin activity (P. T, A) anb sernm antithrombin activity (S. A) were determined with a method devised by the author.
On some of them, change in antithrombin valus after administration of fat was also pursued, and further blood concentrations of heparin-like substance and of fibrinogen were determined.
2, The hypertensive group were divided into two subgroups-those with chauge in ST and T of electrocardiogram and those without it. In the latter, significant rise in S. A. over the healthy old men and other disease groups was observed. Also tendency of rise in P. T. A was noted, but significant difference.
3. In the cerebral haemorrhage group, significant fall in P. T. A over the healthy old men and other disese groups was observed, but not significant difference in S. A.
4. In the patients with myocardial infarction, there was significant decrease in S. A. over the other groups. Also in P. T. A., there was tendency of decrcase, but not gignificant difference.
In patients with encephaolomalacia, no significant difference was noted either in P. T. A or in S. A., but there was tendency of decreasa.Because in many of the myocardial infarction group the determination was made relatively earty after the attack, and because iu the encephalomalacia group by contrast the majority was of aged type, it was concluded that in thrombosis due to myocardial infarction and encephalomalacia, there was decline iu S. A.
5. In the healthy young men, P. T. A. showed positive correlation with blood concentrations of heparin and fibrinogen. Also S. A. had similar correlation, but lesser degree than P. T. A.
6. After the administration of fat, P.T. A. was elevated in the healthy young men. In some of the hypertensive group similar elevation was observed, but in others there was decline. As a consequence, the general result for the hypertensive group was determined to be no significant change after the adminstration of fat. By contrast, all the cases of myocardial iufarction showed significant fall in P. T. A. after fat adminfstation.
No cases showed significant change in P. T. A. after the administration of fat.

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Investigation was performed on the effect of heparin on thrombin-fibrinogen interaction, and participation of the cofactor in action of heparin as an anticoagulant. At the asme time, basic studies on the action of antithrombin in plasma or serum were also carried out. The results obtained were as follows :
1. When 0.1ml of thrombin solution, ranging in concentration from 0.8mg/ml to 2.0mg/ml, was added to 0.1ml of 15mg/ml purified fibrinogen solution, cogulation time of the latter was inversely proportional with the concentration of thrombin.
2. An addition of the commercial heparin solution to thrombin fibrinogen reaction system in vitro resulted in a prolongation of clotting time of the mixture in proportion with heparin added. This anticoagulative effect was observed immediately after addition of heparin. Preincubation of heparin with fibrinogen at37°C resulted in a remarkableenhancement of the antithrombin activity of heparin, although no enhancent was observed following incubation of heparin with thrombin.
3. Two dimensional paperchromatographic studies on thrombinheparin or fibrinogenheparin mixture revealed that a free metachromatic spot of heparin was observed in the case of the mixture containing 600γ of thrombin and 25γ of heparin, although in the case of the mixture of 600γ of fibrinogen and 100γ of heparin no free spot of heparin was seen.
4. Antithrombic activity of α-globulin fraction was higher as compared with that in the other fractions of normal human serum.
5. Antithrombin activity of both plasma and serum was increased proportionally to the increaing concentration of heparin added in vitro. This effect of heparin odserved immediately after the additton, however, was not so remarkable in the case of serum as in the case of plasma. Plasma antithrombic activity was remarkably increased following incubation with heparinat 37°C, although in the case of serum no increase was seen following the incubation.
6. Administration of a small amount of heparin to normal person resulted in a transient remarkable rise in the total plasma antithrombin activity. In this case, increase in serum antithrombin activity was not so remarkable.
7. Discussion was made on the basis of these experimental results.

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Blood coagulation factors, principally those participating in the second stage of blood coagulations, were determined in 26 patients with myocardial infarction, 25 patients with angina pectoris and 24 healthy person3, and the following results were obtained :
1) In patients with myocardial infarction, it was pointed out from the results obtained by the thromboplastin generation test of Biggs and Douglas that thromboplastin activity of plasma geoerally tended to be enhanced. Whole blood coagulation time and one-stage prothrombin time were significantly shortened, and the activities of the V and. VII factors were significantly increased over those for controls. Prothrombin concentration determined by the two-stage method (Ware and Seegers) and plasma fibrinogen concentration were not significantly different from those of controls.
2) One-stage prothrombin time of patients determined within one week following an attack of myocardial infarction was shorter than that obtained later than one week after the attack, and both the V and VII factor activities remained significantly incresed within one week.
3) One-stage prothrombin time was evidently shortened as late as one week after an attack of myocardial infarction, but it was prolonged and the average prothrombin time became longer than that of controls around the 10th day of the attack. From the latter half of the 2nd week through the 3rd month, remarkable shortening of the prothrombin timi was observed in many of the cases, and thereafter the time returned almost sooner or later to the normal average for controls.
The VII factor activity varied almost concomitantly with one-stage prothrnmbin time, although considerably remakable acceleration of this activity was still observed in some cases after 3 months followiug the attack. The V factor activity was evidently increased for the first one month following the attack, and thereafter it reduced nearly to the normal range. Plasma fibrinogen concentration determined within 3 weeks following the attack was elevated except one case, but showed normal value when determined later. Prothrombin concentration determined by the two-stage method showed no significantochange.
4) In 3 cases, determination of one-stage prothrombin time and the VII factor activity were accidentally perforomed prior to the attack of myocardial infarction. Remarkable shortening of one-stage prothrombin time and increase in the VII factor activity were observed in one case at 2 days pior to the attack, although no remarkable change in these values was seen in the other two cases at one week prior to the attack.
5) From these results, it is concluded that in patients with myocardial infarction, blood coagulability is generally enhanced, which would have bearing on inducing the infaction. The coagulability transiently decreases after the attack, but it is clear that the enhanced state persists for considerably long time.
6) In patients with angina pectoris, significant shotening of whole blood coagulation time, tendency of shortening of one-stage prothrombin time, and significant rise in both the V and VII factor activity were generally observed as compared with those of controls, although increase in the activity of these prothrombin conversion accelerating factoro was slighter than in myocardial infarction. In neither two-stage prothrombin time nor plasma fibrinogen concentration, significant difference was observed.

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1. Bacteria having somatic antigen (8), 20 are lysogenic strains, among which both S. kentucky and S. corvallis produce two phages, Plt 20 and Psc. Each of S. emek and S. albany produces only one phage same as Plt 20. Pit 20, a particle with a diameter of 7080mμ, has the ability to make a round and turbid plaque having a diameter of 23 millimeters and to add somatic antigen 20 to a recipient bacterial cell. On the other hand, Psc whose diameter is 100110mμ can make a clear plaque with a diameter of about 1 millimeter and it is not able to govern the production of somatic antigen 20. Besides, these two phages have significant differences in antigenicity and the grade of resistance to heat and phenol, and a little difference also in behavior in various pH ranges. They are both temperate phages and lead to lyse or lysogenize S-51 and S-55 which possess somatic antigen 6, 8. Somatic antigen of a recipient bacterial cell infected with Plt 20 is converted from 6, 8 to 6, 8 20 and at the same time lysogenization of the recipient is observed. Especially, S-51 becomes a doubly lysogenic strain as a result of double infections with these two phages. Plt 20 segregates a mutant phage Plc 20 with a rate of 1/500 which is different from the parent phage only in the morphology of plaque but not different in size and other characteristics.
2. pit 20 and its mutant phage Plc 20 are able to transduce streptomycin resistance and sugar fermentation ability from one strain to another with the frequency of 10^-6 to 10^-7. It is clear also in this experiment that only one character is transduced into one bacterial cell at a time and that the transduced character continues to be transmitted to the pedigrees with genetic stability. Moreover, it was shown that sometimes a transduction phenomenon occurs which does not accompany lysogenization and antigenic transformation. No transduction phenomenon can be observed with respect to Psc which is not concerned with the production of somatic antigen 20.

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It has already been evidenced that saliva parotin has accelerating action on dentine calcification. Now, this saliva parotin was separated into heavy and light fraction by ultracentrifugation, and effect of each fraction on dentine calcification and development was investigated by our method (1) (2). The following facts were evidenced from these experiments.
(1) Action of the heavy fraction on calcification and development of dentine was more than 100 times stronger, and that of the light fraction was milder than the original saliva parotin.
(2) And this action of the heavy fraction could not be distinguished from that of parotin or saliva parotin in its quality. Namely, administration of its smaller dose accelerated, and that of its larger dose inhibited development, formation and calcification of dentine.
(3) Change in serum calcium seemed to be secondary phenomenon. Slight alkalosis was considered to be rather significant.

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Procedure and results of tuberculosis mass examination in primary schools in the years of 1956 and 1957 (number of examinees : 222, 630 in 1956 and 230, 400 in 1957) were investigated. Percentage of school children examied was 98.3% in the both years of 1956 and 1957;rate of tuberculin positive reactors was 69.6% in 1956 and 65.3% in 1957, and rate of tuberculosis found in the examinees was 0.08% in the both years of 1956 and 1957. It was fond that various examinations and B. C. G. inoculation had been well pervaded, and with regard to tuberculosis control, primary school was considered to be one of the groups thus managed most satisfactorily. Despite this, shortcomigs were found in some points in the performance. Namely, the followings are required to be improved :
1. There are few school in which the examination of the whole student body is performed twice a year, which is mostly attributable to insufficient budgetary appropriation. It is advisable to arrange an estimate so that all the primary schools can carry on tuberculosis examination at least twice a year.
2. There were some schools in which no physicians see medical service direct in the ascertainment of tuberculin reaction and the execution of B. C. G. inoculation. Such is found especially in the case with school at the place inconvenieently situated.
3. There is such tendency among the examinees that some of them are apt to reductant B. C. G. inoculation, because of the formltion of B. C. G. ulcer.
4. In some occasions, it takes too long time to know the results of mass photofluorographic examination as well as of close examination.
5. Sometimes confusion arises owing to errors in diagnosis and guidance of physicians concerning examinees with positive findings, or owing to discrepancy of views between physicians.

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In relation to tuburculous teachers of primary schools in Gunma prefecture during the period of from 1955 to 1957, their infections effect upon their school children was investigated.
1. Compared with the previous period, the number of teachers who developed tuberculosis during the above-mentioned period showed a remarkable decrease. While, on the other hand, the numbr of infectious tuberculosis can not be concidered to have decreased. Namely, about a half of the tubereulous teachers were infectious, evident or suspected, when their tuberculosis was discovered. It is essential therefore that it be made further efforts in realizing an early diagnosis of the patient.
2 So far as the results of tuberculin test revealed, no evident infections effects of tuberculous teachers upon their school children could be confirmed. This is probably due to extensively-performed B. C. G. inoculation, which has increased the number of tuberculin convertors due to B. C. G. inoculation, in consequence making it difficult to differentiate them from tuberculin natural convertors. Wnen, however, we looked at the development of tuberculosis in children who were in contact with tuberculous teachers, infectious effect of the latter was suspected to some extent. Especially in such a case as children who were in contact with teachers of infectious tuberculosis, the incidence rate was evidently higher than in controls, suggesting the menace to school hygine with infectious effect of the teachers.
From the above, it is considered that under the the present social conditiions, there is no gainsaying the fact that infectious effects of tuberculous teachers upon their school children is inevitable. In view of this, we are going to emphasize the necessity of strengthening the control of tuberculosis of teachers.

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With the matter for the real condition of hospitalized tuberculous children in Gunma Prefecture in March, 1958, investigations were made whether there is the infectious effect upon their classmates while in attendance at sehool.
1. Ninety four per cent, of hospitalized tuberculous children in Gunma Prefecture were admitted to the prefectural sanatorium “Tômô Ryôyôjo” to which a special class is attached. The sanatorium school is doing made its efficient use in full.
2. About 60% of the hospitalized tuberculous children had tuberculous patients in their home, and many were suspected to have been infected throuh household exposure.
3. About a half of the hospitalized tuberculous children were infectious cases, and more than half of the infectious cases had cavities, The ratio of the patients discovered by mas examination to those discovered by subjective symptoms was about 6 : 4; the fact makes known that the proportion of the latter is large for the group periodically examined every year. It is therefore got conscious of the necessity to increase the frequency of mass examination and to make it closer as well.
4. Infectious effect upon classmates was investigated, by consulting the records of tuberculin test, and by investigating the state of development of their tuberculosis, but no particular effect could have been confirmed. Many causes can be considered in this regard, but one of the most important things may be advancement in the school tuberculosis control, for example, the extended performance of B. C. G. inoculation.
To summarize, it is considered that as a source of tuberculosis infection in school, tuberculous children might be less important than tuberculous teachers. On the other hand, however, it is estimated that some number of open tuberculous children may still be left unnoticed for a period. In view of this, we should not be perfectly content with the tuberculosis control in status quo, but we should always aim at the more perfection.

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For the past two years, the auther has treated 130 cases of emaciation and as the results of clinical tests found a few facts of interest, which are outlined in this paper.
Menstrual abnormality was observed in 18 out of 58 female cases, and in 5 of the former, amenorrhea.
In rentgenogram revealed gastroptosis and atony, small heart and shrunken sella turcica.
In the majority of cases, disfunction of autonomic nervous system, abnormality of urine excretion test and hypotension, lowered urinary 17 KS value, abnormal insulin tolerance test, and in a small number of cases lowered BMR, FBI and I¹³¹ Uptake were found.
It was therefore considered that emaciation was apt to induce abnormality in thalamus, hypophysis, gonad, vand farther thyroid and adrenal glands.

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Rise and fall in chemical components and the histochemical changes in the mouse brain from birth to 1 year 8 months were followed, and changes in cerebral vascular walls observed.
Brain weight, lipids and serotonin increase with age, and also histochemically the increase in lipids is observed. But, after reaching the maturity at 10 weeks, so much increase does not take place. On the contrary, water, protein and reducing substance in the saline soluble fraction of the brain decrease with age. Total protein increases, but acid soluble protein is reduced with age. SO₄ in the saline soluble fraction increases, and, histochemically metachromasic substances increase with age. Lipoprotein in paperelectrophoresis is presented by I and II peaks, and II/I quotient becomes greater with are.

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Rats were subjected to left adrenalectomy plus right adrenal enucleation (AE), and then were given cortisone acetate, hydrocoftisone acetate, prednisolone, 9α-fluorohydrocortisone acetate, DOCA and ACTH in various doses, and after 2 and 3 weeks, they were investigated for the regeneration of the adrenal. The results were as follows :
The regeneration of the adrenal after AE was generally inhibited by the administration of corticoids, and the degree of the inhibition was generally in parallel with the activity of glucocorticoid. DOCA exhibited scarcely any regeneration inhibiting ability, and ACTH produced increase in the weight of the regenerated adrenal.
In the adrenal cortex, whose regeneration was inhibited by the administration of corticoids, the capsule was edematously thickenned to a remarkable degree, and cortical cells were atrophic, presenting a picture in many cases, which resembled a change in zona fasciculata, which has been observed after hypophysectomy.
From the results of the present experiments, the so-called zonal theory was discussed. And it was pointed out that the zonal theory was contradicted with the facts that the regenerated tissue after AE presented fasciculata-like picture, that the administration of corticoids produced the fasciculata-like reaction behavior, and that no direct action of DOCA and of 9α-fluorohydrocortisone was observed.

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1. Anti-A, anti-B and anti-C agglutinin, and anti-B and anti-C precipitin produced in anti-R form Shigella dysenteriae immune chicken serum were all absorbed strongly with D-galactose, lactose, raffinose, D-galactosamine and N-acetyl-D-galactosamirte, and weakly with L-arabinose. Between the anti-A, anti-B and anti-C agglutinin. there was no difference except in the amount of sugar, required for the absorption, Further, the anti-C agglutinin and the anti-C precipitin were slightly inhibited in their action with D-glucose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-rhamnose and D-xylose as ell Was by the above-mentioned sugars.
2. Galactose, extracted from R form Escherichia coli O₈₆, could absorb well also the above-mentioned R form specific antibodies. Accordingly an element principally composed of galactose was considered to determine the blood group specificity of R form strains. And in fact galactose was demonstrated in all R form strains.
3. R form Escherichia freundii B₁₂₄ contained group A substance, which was hardi y demonstrable in S form strains of this bacterium. In rabbit serum immunized with this R form strain, anti-A agglutinin and anti-A precipitin were demonstrated. And these antibodies were inhibited in their reaction, strongly with N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and weakly with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
4. In Sh. dysenteriae, R form strains containd glucose, galactose, hexosamine and N-acetylhexosamine, lacking rhamnose. which was found in type S strains. In Salmonella poona, R form strains contained glucose, galactose and hexosamine, lacking fucose found in S farm strains. Also N-acetylhexosamine was difficult to demonstrate in R form strains. In Salmonella riogrande, and E. freundii B₉₀, R form strains contained glucose, galactose, hexosamine and N-acetylhexosamine, lacking mannose found in S form strains. In Salmonella paratyphi B, R form strains contained glucose, galactose, hexosemine and N-cetylhexosamine. lacking abequose, rhamnose and mannose found in S form straius. In E. coli O₈₆, R form strains contained glucose, galactose, hexosamine, and N-acetylhexosamine, lacking fucose found in S form strains. In. E freundii B₁₂₄ glucose, galactose, hexosamine and N-acetylhexosamine were found both in S and R forms. In this way, with variation from S to R, methylpentose, desoxymethylpentose and mannose disappeared.
5. Sugar which determines group O (H) specific activity of S form strain of Sh. dysenteriae, and that which determines groups A, B and C specific activities of R form strain of this bacterium are both considered to contain galactose as a principal component. And difference between these blood group speific activities is assumed to consist in the mode of combination of galactose.
6. Fucose, which determines group O (H) specific activity of S. poona S form, was absent, together with th : s activity, in R form strain of this bacterium.
7. N-acetylhexosamine, especially N-acetylgalactosamine, which determines groups FA and A specific activities of S form strain of S. paratyphi B, S. riogrande and E. freundii B₉₀ was slightly demonstrated also in polysaccharide of R form. N-acetylhexosamine was further demonstrated in S form E. freundii B₁₂₄, which did not show group A activity, and in R form strain of this bacterium, which exhibited this acitvity. The former, which contained more N-acetylhexosamine than the latter could nevertheless demonsrate no A activity. It is therefore considered that the blood group A activity may be attributed to the mode of combination of N-acetylhexosamine, especially of N-acetylgalactosamine.

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