In this paper, I examined the trend of foreign direct investment among Asian economies.For the present, the clear model that characterized Asian FDI is not specified, though some characteristics are observed.Firstly, Chinese investment toward the world shows‘compressed’pattern that simultaneously proceeds from resource-oriented investment to technology seeking investment. Secondly, NIES investment is divided into two categories.One is mutual penetration between China, and the other follows Japanese investment pattern. Thirdly, ASEAN4, i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, retreated as investors after Asian economic crisis.Two facts are needed further investigation; Asian investors' utilization of tax havens such as Caribbean territories and flourishing M&A among Asian multinational firms.

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The aim of this study is to examine economic relations between China and Thailand, focusing on the overseas activities of Chinese and Thai enterprises and analyze the influence of ongoing free trade agreement.The main findings are as follows: (1) In China, Thai business groups expanded and diversified their investment, but recently they have faced severe competition by Chinese private companies.They undertook reorganization of their projects to upgrade their competitiveness.(2) In Thailand, Chinese investment has moved into high gear. The activities have shifted from export-oriented to domestic-oriented.(3) FTA will contribute to further deepening of their economic relations.

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Since the introduction of the open door policy -so-called‘Deng Xiaoping Reform’ after 1978, its economy has been growing progressively.Moreover, it seems to be following the same processes that other Dynamic Asian Economies, the‘4 Little Tigers’ and ASEAN4, have gone through these decades. More importantly, emerging China as the‘world factory’is particularly significant not only for an Asianpattern of economic growth but also for the structural change of the worldwide political economy.
It looks apparently as though China came on the same line of driving force as the other DAEs.However, deliberating implications of structural changes brought by the entry of China into the Asian and world economy, this means that thebeginning of a new era with the advent of the new Continental Power States (CPS) of China in Asia as the US for the post-war regime, and the transfer to completely a different system of international relations with the end of the previous APEG process.
CPS-China has, on the one side, homogeneity with other Asian countries and heterogeneity toCPS countries such as the US and EU, and vice versa on the other.
It is very clear that China has Asiatic homogeneities in state-bureaucracy system regardless of whether it is socialistic, economic development with anunlimited-supply of labor, export-led industrialization with a leap-step type of technological transfer and development.The heterogeneities are; (1) CPS has the deep and widepossibility for development of inside hinterland of the CPS, so-called‘Domestic Colonization’.‘Domestic Colonization’effectively becomes the spring board for new industry, as seen in the USA since the '30s.(2) CPS has an emerging large scale of inter-states and regional linkage in CPS by high-way networks just like the US since the 50s and EUsince the 60s, accompanying with today's simultaneous progressive development of IT networks.(3) CPS is a federal nation with multi-states, and an agri-power with well endowed natural resources, and has multi-credits of foreign trade matrix of manufactured products, introduction of top-down technology development by federal governmental policies in the process of emerging CPS- applicable to the US as before -.
Intense change in China has threatened the previous economic models of growth to change the fundamental prepositions.I named these changes the‘Five Paradoxes of China’.(1) In China, significant thought has been used that its huge population should be a‘resource of wealth, ’which is opposite to India, even though they has the common social issue of surplus of population, which causes unemployment and poverty by rapid mechanization.The exception in the world history is China's experience of progressive economic growth with high-GINI co-efficiency and huge emigration.(2) Unlike the USSR experiences, the socialist China has been coming in for both of‘Dividends of Cold War’and‘Dividends of Peace’or‘Collapse of Cold-War Regime.’ (3) There is no historical example of transformation of a socialistic country to be a‘socialist modern fiscal state’but China.We should see it as that it is just under the process of grand experimentation of Asian type of socialism by CPS-China.(4) The turning point for development should depend on big projects for development of the middle and western China, and moreover the development for heavy industries of eastern and northern, under the initiative of joint power of state-and private capital including foreign capital and businesses.On the other hand, for the other Asian countries, China is becoming a big market for their manufacturing, primary products and is replacing the role of the US.

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本稿の目的は, 大量破壊兵器 (WMD) 不拡散における2つの戦略―1つは制裁, もう1つは監視と査察―の関係について検討することである。本稿では以下の点について明らかにする。第1に, 監視や査察は制裁と代替関係にある。制裁の強化に依拠しなくても, 監視や査察を強めることによってWMDの不拡散を導くことができる。第2に, 制裁効果を高めれば, 監視活動を低下させることができる。第3に, WMDの開発コストの増大によって, 査察活動を十分に低下させれば, 監視活動を低下させることができる。

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In 1970s World has witnessed two oil crises.Especially Japan was seriously damaged among the developed countries by the first oil crisis happened in 1973.But Japan has overcome economic difficulties by inducing hi-tech in the industries.By this Japan has easily got around the second oil crisis in 1979.Japan, overcoming two oil crises, is looked upon as “Japan as No.1”around 1980.After this, Japan, strengthening international competitiveness by inducing hi-tech is adding up the surplus in the current balance which is the largest in the world.On the otherhand America is worried by“twin deficits”, that is to say, the deficits in trade and the federal budget.The solution of international imbalance between two countries is aimed to adjust yen-dollar currency at the Plaza Hotel in Washington in 1985.On this opportunity Japanese firms deployed their production facilities all over the world.Especially Asian countries have earnestly introduced many Japanese export-oriented firms, by which Asian countries have enjoyed high economic growth as long as over twenties years until 1997 when Asian currency crisis happened.After this especially ASEAN among Asian countries are obliged to lower economic growth.Taking the place of ASEAN, China which has been introducing voluminous foreign capitals since Industrial Reforms and Open-Door Policy starting in 1979, has enjoyed almost two-digit economic growth over twenties years. At 2005 China ranks No.4 in the world in terms of GDP scale.At the previous 2004 China has become No.3 both in the world export and import respectively.
Driving on this good performance, China is further aiming to be a global power after America using export expansion as a lever.To realize the purpose China needs overseas market and the infrastructure to support each other, both of which are sides as a coin.China is now building both steadily. China is driving forward towards industrialization, which is symbolized by one of the leading exporters both of machinery and IT goods.America is the largest export destination for China.For this China needs parts, intermediates goods and capital goods to support export.The main suppliers of these goods are East Asian countries.The import ratio of East Asian countries in the total Chinese import is increasing so rapidly especially in the machinery and IT goods parts. Responding to this the other East Asian countries including Japan are strengthening export to China which is playing a roll as “magnetic place” in the intraregional trade. China is making her presence felt not only in the Asian intraregional trade but also in the world trade.On its process China is inducing structural changes which might influence all over the world.Of the on-going structural changes, the most important is to take the place of Japan especially both in the Asian intraregional trade and Pacific trade.This paper is to analyze the changing status of emerging China and the mechanism to supersede Japan.

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The Doha Round of multilateral trade talks under the WTO is faltering badly. A confrontation between developed and developing countries is bogging down efforts to push negotiations forward. Tired of difficult progress in the multilateral trade negotiations, industrialized countries are now tending to push bilateral and regional free trade agreements(FTA). Direct effect of FTA on the WTO system is important. The problem concerning FTA is whether FTAs are building blocks or stumbling blocks to global free trade. Using FTA may be an effective strategy, but it is also risky.
It is thus important to reinforce the WTO system whose job is to promote multilateral trade liberalization at a time FTAs are becoming common. If the WTO system loses effect, world trade will shrink, hurting the industrial countries. The major trading countries must play a constructive leadership role to prevent a collapse. What should Japan do to foster a new round? Japan must make a bigger offer, such as opening its agricultural markets much wider to imports. Real answer is domestic agricultural reform.

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