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Volume 39, Issue 6
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Sadao HIBI, Matsuo MAEDA, Masahiro KAWAMURA, Keiko ITOH, Akihiro YOKOY ...1982 Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 379-389
Published: June 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aims to obtain a correlation more general than any other previous ones, between polarized fluorescence intensity measured by transmission method and molecular orientation of noncrystalline polymer chain. Practical formulae for the evaluation of the molecular orientation were derived.
Two facts are taken into account. One is that absorption and emission axes in a fluorescent molecule are inconsistent, and the other is that the fluorescent molecular axis and the amorphous molecular chain axis on which the fluorescent molecule is attached are not parallel. Under these conditions, series expansion in Jacobi's polynomials is applied to the mathematical approach as before.
In this evaluation method of the fluorescence intensity were incorporated successfully, the consideration of dyeing mechanism of fluorescent molecule with amorphous molecular chain, and the geometric relation between absorption and emission axes of fluorescent dye molecule or in a particular case, of fluorescent bond yielded in a amorphous chain.View full abstractDownload PDF (1611K) -
Sumio YAMADA, Tsutomu NAKAGAWA1982 Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 391-398
Published: June 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of ultraviolet irradiation on transport of gases through polystyrene films were investigated. The permeability and the diffusion constants for unirradiated and irradiated polystyrene films were determined in the temperature range from 10 to 60°C. In the irradiated films, for 38 hours in air, both the permeability and the diffusivity decreased to the same extent, with reduction ratios of 4/5-3/5 for hydrogen and helium, and 1/10 for carbon dioxide, oxygen, argon, and nitrogen. The ratios of permeability constants for hydrogen and helium to that of nitrogen were 1159 and 687, respectively. Agood correlations was observed between the dependence of gel content and that of relative permeability constant on irradiation time. These observations indicate that reduction in permeability and diffusivity may be caused by free volume decrease in the films, especially at the irradiated surface, due to crosslinking reaction. The apparent activation energy for permeation, density, the infbared absorption at 1740 cm-1, and the optical density at 340 nm increases with increasing radiation dose.View full abstractDownload PDF (1630K) -
Seiichi KATAOKA, Tadanao ANDO1982 Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 399-405
Published: June 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: March 25, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe radical copolymerization of sorbic acid (SA) with methacrylic acid (MAA) was carried out in an aqueous solution at 50°Cusing potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator in the presence of chitosan (CS). The mole ratio of CS (base mole) to the sum of SA and MAA was kept at 1.0. SA unit in the copolymer bore 1, 4-trans type structure. Monomer reactivity ratios r1 and r2 for SA (1) -MAA (2) in the presence of CS were 0.80 and 6.80 respectively, while r1 and r2 for SA·Na (1) -MAA·Na (2) in the absence of CS were 1.21 and 1.15, respectively. The copolymer obtained in the presence of CS showed optical activity, the sign of which was opposite to that of CS. Ozonolysis of the copolymer with 0.06 mole fraction SA unit resulted in optically active oligomers with the specific rotation +1.01°in chloroform. Number average molecular weight of the copolymer before and after ozonolysis were 9700 and 340, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1159K) -
Sumio YAMADA, Takeo HAMAYA1982 Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 407-414
Published: June 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPermeation and separation behaviors of some aqueous amine solutions, e. g., water-n-butylamine, waterbenzylamine and water-di-n-propylamine through poly-4-vinylpyridine membrane has been investigated by pervaporation technique. In order to prevent the dissolution of membrane material in the amine solutions, poly4-vinylpyridine was crosslinked by γ-irradiation and 4-vinylpyridine was copolymerized with styrene to form membranes. In all cases water pervaporates selectively through poly-4-vinylpyridine membrane, probably owing to the affinity of nucleophilic membrane for electrophilic water but not to their solvating effect. The γ-radiation dose has no remarkable influence on the liquid permeation and separation characteristics of water-n-bytylamine mixture. Poly-4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene membranes were found not to be favorable ones from the view point of their low pervaporation rates and poor durability against the amine solutions. Anomalously higher water flux was observed at a temperature range of 5-10°C for water pervaporation through poly-4-vinylpyridine membrane. High efficiency was obtained in the separation of di-n-propylamine from water, which is hardly soluble in water.View full abstractDownload PDF (1604K) -
Fumio SUZUKI, Kenji ONOZATO, Naomichi TAKAHASHI1982 Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 415-422
Published: June 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a pervaporation system of athermal mixtures of methanol-ethanol and poly (γ-methyl L-glutamate) (PMLG) membrane, permeation of diffusion behavior at nonsteady-state was examined employing the gas chromatography. Time lags for permeation of mixture decreased with increasing methanol content in the feed. It was observed that permeation time lags of both components decreased wtih increasing methanol content in the feeds. The result was interpreted by a synergetic plasticizing effect with the components on the diffusion characteristics in the pervaporation behavior.View full abstractDownload PDF (1559K) -
Fumio SUZUKI, Kenji ONOZATO, Kunio MITOBE, Naomichi TAKAHASHI1982 Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 423-428
Published: June 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPermeation and diffusion of athermal mixture of methanol-ethanol through PMLG membrane were examinedby the pervaporation technique. The apparent diffusion coefficients (Dd) for methanol -PMLG and ethanolPMLG systems were evaluated at various composition of feed. Dd was obtained by using the relation Dd=Fd·l/Cs in which l is the thickness of membrane, Cs is the amount of alcohol sorbed in PMLG membrane, and Fd is the steady-state permeation rate of alcohol. Dd for methanol-PMLG depended positively on Cs of methanol, and in contrast, Dd for ethanol-PMLG showed a tendency of negative dependence on Cs of ethanol. These results suggest that the permeation or diffusion rate of one component in the mixture is affected synergetically by the plasticizing effect on the other one coexisting in the pervaporation system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1077K) -
Akira TAKAHASHI, Yoshio KICHIMA, Masami KAWAGUCHI1982 Volume 39 Issue 6 Pages 429-434
Published: June 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe succeeded first in preparing a cationic polyelectrolyte derivative of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) by reacting with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) in tetrahydrofuran. The polyelectrolyte (TPVC) was characterized by IR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, and ESCA showing that the degree of substitution of TEPA on a PVC chain was ca. 0.5 mol%. The TPVC was soluble in water-tetrahydrofuran mixed solvent. The viscosity behavior which is characteristic to polyelectrolyte, was clearly observed. In an attempt to improve the wattability of the surface of PVC sheet for water, the TPVC was coated on the PVC sheet but the contact angle of water was 80°, which was identical to that of water on PVC sheet. Thus, the wettability of PVC could not be improved by TPVC coating alone. However, the contact angle was reduced greatly by asdorption of several anionic polyelectrolytes on TPVC coated surface. Moreover, the contact angle did not change even after washing by water. This indicated that the absorbed polyelectrolytes were not desorbed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K)
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