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Volume 51, Issue 5
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Hideo GOTO, Katsuhiko KURATANI, Kotaro OGURA1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 289-294
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behavior of Izod impact strength of ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) resins have been investigated at various temperatures, The Izod impact strength changed significantly at three transition temperatures (designated as the first, the second, and the third crazetransition temperatures). Different. morphologies on the fracture surface were observed between the craze transition temperatures, indicating the differences of quantity of energy absorption (crazing deformation). In order to determine the cause of the crazing deformation, it is necessary to study the detailed behavior of Izod impact strength and to determine the fracture mechanism of ABS resins between the craze transition temperatures. The correlation between the Izod impact strength and ABS resin's structural factors was investigated here. The correlation between the craze transition temperature and structural factors including the rubber content, the Tg of the matrix phase and graft ratio of the dispersed phase were clarified.View full abstractDownload PDF (2016K) -
Katsuhiko KISHI, Hitoshi BANNO, Atsushi KAMEYAMA, Tadatomi NISHIKUBO1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 295-302
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA chalcone type norbornadiene (NBD) derivative was prepared by Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with an acethylene compound which was synthesized from 4′-hydroxychalcone. Chalcone type NBD polymer was synthesized by the resulting NBD derivative with poly (p-chloromethylstyrene). The photochemical reaction of the polymer thus obtained was evaluated in the film state. The photochemical valence isomerization of the chalcone type NBD polymer proceeded to produce the corresponding quadricyclane (QC) groups with 60 second irradiation with a 500 w-xenon lamp. Furthermore, it was found that the rate of photochemical valence isomerization of the chalcone type NBD polymer was higher than that of the other NBD polymers having Phenyl or N-phenylcarbamoyl groups as chromophores. The reversion from the QC groups to the NBD moieties in the polymer was carried out using 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenyl21H, 23H-porphinecobalto (II) (Co-TPP) as a catalyst in THF solution. The catalytic reversion proceeded very smoothly. The thermal reversion from QC groups to NBD moieties in the film state also proceeded smoothly.View full abstractDownload PDF (1412K) -
Shigeru KOIZUMI, Yasufumi OTSUBO, Takeshi AMARI1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 303-307
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLiquid crystal/polymer composite (LCPC) films consisitng of a continuous LC phase embedded in a three-dimensional network of polymer matrix are formed by photopolymerization-induced phase separation. The electro-optical properties of LCPC films were discussed in relation to the phase separation mechanisms. The LC/UV-curable monomer pre-mixture has a phase separation temperature, below which the nematic droplets are generated from the homogeneous solution. The isotropic-nematic transition temperature increases with increasing molecular weight of monomer or degree of polymerization. When the polymerization proceeds beyond some critical level, two isotropic phases are formed by spinodal decomposition even above the transition temperature. The film structures are determined by a combined effect of two different mechanisms. Since the nematic phase controls the electro-optical properties of films, the requirement for good performance of films is to induce the phase separation at temperatures slightly higher than the isotropic-nematic transition line.View full abstractDownload PDF (1343K) -
Akira YOKOTA, Masataka NISHIDA, Mitsuhiro FURUTA, Shingo ASAUMI1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 309-314
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiazo-coupling products of naphthoquinonediazide (NQD) and novolak resin which are said to inhibit the dissolution of unexposed areas of the positive photoresist were hardly formed during the development for one minute. The NQD group was presumed to be decomposed by the heat of photoresist manufacturing process and the prebaking to form diazo-coupling compounds. Developer-insoluble highly esterified parts of NQD esters and high molecular weight portions of novolak resin would remain on the resist surface during dissolution of the developer-soluble parts to form an insoluble layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1777K) -
Shuichi SUZUKI, Shuzi HAYASE1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 315-321
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe composite catalysts (AS catalysts) consisting of aluminum complexes and silanol derivatives have been found to acceralate the addition reactions of epoxy resins and active hydrogen compounds. Catalytic activity was not observed when one of the two components is absent, as in the case of the ring opening polymerization of epoxy resins. The catalytic activity was affected by the structures of aluminum complexes and silanol derivatives. Triphenyl silanol was more active than diphenyldiethoxysilane which was decomposed thermally to form a silanol. The acceleration effects were observed even with a small amount of the catalyst, i. e., 0.1wt% of catalyst. The DSC curve of the product from an epoxy resin and an aromatic amine with the AS catalyst showed an exothermic peak 30°C lower than that of the non-catalyst resin systems. The epoxy resins cured with the AS catalysts exhibit excellent electrical, mechanical, physical, and thermal properties which meet the requirements of electrical and space/aeronautical applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Shintarou KANBAYASHI, Takaaki ARAI1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 323-328
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDACl) and methyl glycol chitosan (MGCh) were allowed to react with partially anionized Polyacrylamide (PAAm-H) to produce polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC). Thermodynamic parameters for the PEC formation were determined. In each system, a gain of large negative standard free energy (ΔG°) accompanied the PEC formation, but ΔG° became a large positive value with increasing ionic strength (I). We found that in the MGCh system the higher ionic strengths showed stronger tendencies for the entropy dominating type PEC formation reaction. In PDDACl system, the effects of enthalpy and entropy on ΔG° were the same in the region of low ionic strength; however, the entropy dominating type PEC reaction proceeded in the high ionic strength region.View full abstractDownload PDF (1131K) -
Shi Ping MA, Shinji YUASA, Masaharu TSUJI, Kensuke SAKURAI, Toshisada ...1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 329-336
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermal behavior and supermolecular structure of wholly aromatic thermoplastic polyimide [poly (3, 3′-dioxyphenyl) diphenylpyromellitimide (TPI) ] was studied using DSC, and wide-angle and small-angle X-ray diffractometry (WAXD and SAXD). A new system utilizing one-dimensional PSPCwas applied for measuring the contour map of SAXD intensity distribution (SAXD diagrams). On the basis of long period, crystallinity, lower melting temperature, and heat of fusion, equilibrium melting temperature and free energy of the surface normal to the chain direction of TPI crystal have been evaluated to be 487°C and 165erg/cmcm2, respectively. A series of SAXD diagrams of TPI films with different draw ratio (λ=1.0-3.5) were obtained to elucidate the effect of hot drawing and heat-treatment on the supermolecular structure of TPI films. With increasing draw ratio up to λ=2.0, lamellar crystals reorient with their surface normal inclining to the drawing direction. A two-point pattern appeared in the SAXD diagrams of 2.5-3.0 times drawn TPI films. After this stage of drawing, it was considered that the two-point SAXD pattern was degenerated into a four-point pattern.View full abstractDownload PDF (1685K) -
Kinetics of the Model of PolyadditionEiichi KOBAYASHI, Kazuhiro TAKEHARA, Sadahito AOSHIMA1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 337-343
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe addition reaction mechanism of benzeneselenol (BSe) to styfene (St) was studied as a model of the polyaddition of 1, 4-benzenediselenol (BDSe) to 1, 4-divinylbenzene (DVB). The addition reaction of BSe to St was carried out with AIBN initiator in benzene at 70°C under N2. The main product of anti-Markownikoff's structure (φSeCH2CH2φ) was obtained in about 60% yield in 10 h reaction, but hardly increased after that. Then, side reactions were investigated in detail to account for such behavior, which was quite different from that of benzenethiol to St. This model addition reaction behavior was Similar to that of polyaddition of BDSe to DVB. The kinetic study shows that the addition rate depends on the first order of [St], 0.5 order of [AIBN], and is independent of [BSe], and the rate-determining step is the addition reaction of benzeneseleno radical to St. On the basis of the results of modified Hammett plot considering a resonance effect, it is estimated that a perturbation between SOMO of benzeneseleno radical and HOMO of St is an important controlling factor for this reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1186K) -
Sadafumi YAGI, Susumu INOUE, Toshiki KOYAMA, Kenji HANABUSA, Hirofusa ...1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 345-352
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNovel thermoelastic polyurethane resins containing metallophthalocyanine rings (M-pc, M=Fe (III), or Co (II)) in the chain were synthesized and their properties were investigated. These polyurethane resins containing M-pc were prepared by the coplyaddition of 4, 4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with a mixture of poly (buthylene adipate) glycol (PBA), 1, 4-butanediol, and metallophthalocyanine bis (2-hydroxyethyl carboxylate) obtained from metallophthalocyanine dicarbonyl chloride and ethylene glycol. The blue or green copolyurethane resins thus obtained had thermoelastic property and were soluble in hot N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N, N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAC). Therefore, the copolyurethanes can be molded into various such as fibers, films, etc. The melting behavior, dynamic viscoelasticity, tensile properties, and thermal properties of polyurethanes obtained in this study were also investigated. The results showed that the introduction of metallophthalocyanine units into a polyurethane has no negative influence upon the principal properties of the polyurethane and these resins are useful for practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1246K) -
Yuichi KUBOTA, Keiji KOGA, Yoshio MIKAME, Hirofusa SHIRAI1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 353-360
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain mixed systems of EB curable binder resins which have superior durability and reliability when used in the recorder drives of magnetic media, the EB curability characteristics of mixed systems and the mechanical properties of the resulting films were investigated. These systems contain three main components of binder resins: partially saponified copoly (vinyl chroride, vinyl acetate) (A), (A) containing the higher contents of aryl groups (B), and polurethane acrylates. (A) modified by polyacrylates containing urethane groups and (B) were used as hard main components in blend systems. Polyurethane acrylates (about 12 groups/molecule) with branched chains were used as soft components. Furthermore, the reactive acrylic monomer with dipentaerythritol skeleton (molecular weight/number of functional groups=160/200) (below 10wt%) were added into these blend systems. These blended resins showed good EB curability, and the cured films had flexibility and desirable mechanical properties as binder resins for magnetic layer. More effective inter-molecular crosslinking reactions were found among main component resins. The side reactions, such as inter-molecular cyclization among neighboring groups, were inhibited. Excellent mechanical properties can be achieved by using small amounts of reactive monomers as the component of binder resins. The floppy discs fabricated by using these EB curable binder resin systems showed the superior durability and stable torque characteristics for practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1592K) -
Hiroshi TSUBAKIHARA, Masayuki TAKEDA, Kazuyuki OKADA, Akihiko SAKAMOTO1994 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 361-363
Published: May 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe surface conductivity of PI (polyimide, U-Film N) irradiated by the KrF excimer laser increased with increasing laser fluence. As the irradiation progressed, the surface morphology changed from a relatively smooth to a granular structure. SEM analysis showed that the amplitude and spacing of the surface roughness increased with increasing laser energy. The XPS analysis of laser irradiated surface revealed the loss of oxygen and nitrogen. All the results are interpreted in terms of the carbonization of PI, which leads to the occurrence of surface conductivity induced by KrF laser ablation.View full abstractDownload PDF (867K)
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