KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU
Online ISSN : 1881-5685
Print ISSN : 0386-2186
ISSN-L : 0386-2186
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Volume 66, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Comprehensive Papers
  • Improvement of Transparency of Optical Polymer by Amorphous Structure Control
    Norihisa TANIO, Haruna OBATA, Ayako OKADA, Shinji SEGAWA, Yusuke TAKEM ...
    2009 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1295/koron.66.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Light scattering of amorphous optical polymer glasses was studied to investigate the local structure. The light scattering loss of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) glasses varied widely with polymerization conditions, even though a contaminant-free monomer were used. PMMA glasses polymerized below the glass transition temperature (Tg) had an excess scattering loss due to a large-size (tens of nm) heterogeneous structure with a refractive-index difference of the order of 10-4. With polymerization above Tg, no excess scattering was observed. On the other hand, polystyrene (PS) glasses polymerized below or above Tg had no excess scattering, and thus no large size heterogeneities. The origin of the large heterogeneous structure in amorphous polymer glass is discussed.
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Original Papers
  • Synthesis and Photo-induced Deprotection Reaction of Noria Derivatives containing Acetal Moieties
    Hiroto KUDO, Daisuke WATANABE, Tadatomi NISHIKUBO
    2009 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 10-16
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1295/koron.66.10
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    The synthesis, physical property, and photo-induced deprotection reaction of noria derivative containing acetal moieties were examined. All the hydroxyl groups of noria were converted to acetal moieties, to afford the corresponding noria derivative (noria-Acetal). The thermal stability and solubility of noria-Acetal were good, respectively. Furthermore, the photo-induced deprotection reaction of noria-Acetal was examined in the presence of a photo-acid generator in the film state upon UV irradiation, and it was found that acetal groups were changed to carboxyl acid groups smoothly without further heating. It was expected that noria-Acetal would be applicable to next generation positive working photo-resist materials with high resolution for electron beam (EB) or extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist systems.
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  • Distributed-Feedback Solid-State Dye Laser in Visible Wavelength Region
    Naoya NAKAI, Makoto FUKUDA
    2009 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 17-23
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1295/koron.66.17
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    We fabricated two types of relief gratings by an etchless process utilizing a two-beam interference method. The gratings had a pitch of 403 and 272 nm, respectively. The gratings were coated with solidified organic dyes, such as rhodamine B and stilbene 420, with xerogel or acrylic plastic as a host material for the organic dyes. The samples were pumped with the second or the third harmonic generation of Nd:YAG laser, and we obtained laser oscillations at 600.5, 601.1 nm in the red wavelength region and at 407.1 nm in the blue wavelength region. The spectra had widths of 0.1 nm. Therefore, we showed that a DFB solid-state dye laser can emit single longitudinal mode laser beams. We also evaluated other optical properties of the gratings. The results showed that the gratings have enough diffraction efficiency and enough durability to be used as a resonator of DFB solid dye lasers.
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  • Refractive Index Prediction System of Optical Polymers
    Norihisa TANIO, Yusuke MOMONO, Keita HOSOI, Masashi OKURA, Junki MATUH ...
    2009 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 24-30
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1295/koron.66.24
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    In order to use polymers as various optical materials, such as in flat panel displays, optical discs, optical lenses, and optical fibers, ideal optical characteristics needs to be achieved, such as high transparency, and control of the refractive index. We clarify the quantitative relation between the essential optical properties of polymers, and the chemical structure of the repeat unit, in order to predict optical properties only from the chemical structure of the repeat unit. A system which predicts the refractive index of polymers quantitatively from its chemical structure is reported. This prediction system is useful for the molecular design of optical polymers.
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  • Physical Aging and Refractive Index of Optical Polymer Glass
    Norihisa TANIO, Naoki TUKAHARA
    2009 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1295/koron.66.31
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    Physical aging of optical polymer glasses was studied by refractive index measurements. We measured the change of refractive index of polystyrene (PS) glass after annealing at temperatures below its glass transition temperature (Tg) by optical prism coupling, and determined volume relaxation by physical aging using the Lorentz-Lorenz equation. The maximum volume relaxation for PS glass occurred at 20°C below Tg.
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  • Synthesis of Photo-curable Hyperbranched Polycarbonates with Terminal Methacryloyl Groups and their Photo-curing Reaction
    Ken MARUYAMA, Taichi TAKAZOE, Hiroto KUDO, Tadatomi NISHIKUBO
    2009 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages 36-42
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1295/koron.66.36
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Synthesis and functionalization of hyperbranched polycarbonate (HBPC) were examined. The reaction of bisphenol A bis(chloroformate) (BABC) and 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane (THPE) performed in the presence of pyridine in THF gave soluble hyperbranched polycarbonate in high yields. Furthermore, the reaction of the resulting HBPC with methacrylic anhydride was carried out in pyridine to produce the photo-curable hyperbranched polycarbonate (HBPCMA) with methacryloyl groups at the ends of the polymer chains. The photo-initiated radical polymerization of HBPEMA was examined in the presence of photo-initiator in the film state upon UV irradiation, and it was found that the photo-initiated radical polymerization proceeded smoothly to give the cured films. It was also observed that the rate of the photo-radical polymerization of hyperbranched polymer was higher than that of a linear polymer. Furthermore, it was found that the change in the refractive index before and after photo-curing reaction of HBPCMA was larger than that of a linear polymer.
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