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Volume 69, Issue 8
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Comprehensive Papers
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Jun-ichi MAMIYA2012 Volume 69 Issue 8 Pages 449-459
Published: August 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotochromic materials show changes in various properties with isomerization of compounds. The molecular-level photoisomerization can also give rise to macroscopic deformation of the material system, allowing one to convert light energy directly into mechanical work (photomechanical materials). The photomechanical effects extend the applicability of photochromic polymers towards photodriven actuators and artificial muscles. Large deformations can be generated in the crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymers with the aid of photochemical reactions of the chromophores. Mechanical strength of the crosslinked liquid-crystalline polymer films increased by lamination of polymer sheet, leading to three-dimensional and complex movement of the laminated films by light. This review article summarizes research results on the photomechanical effect based on photochoromism of polymers, fibers and single crystals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1694K) -
Shinsuke IFUKU2012 Volume 69 Issue 8 Pages 460-467
Published: August 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChitin nanofibers are prepared from the exoskeletons of crabs and prawns by a simple mechanical treatment. The obtained nanofibers have fine nanofiber networks with a uniform width of approximately 10–20 nm and a high aspect ratio. Chitin nanofibers are acetylated to modify their surfaces. The acetyl DS can be controlled from 1 to 3 by changing the reaction time. Optically transparent chitin nanofiber composites are prepared with acrylic resins. Due to the nano-size structure, all of the composites are highly transparent. Chitin nanofibers significantly increase the Young’s moduli and the tensile strengths and decrease the thermal expansion of all acrylic resins due to the reinforcement effect of chitin nanofibers. Chitin nanofiber shows chiral separation ability. The chitin nanofiber membrane transports the D-isomer of glutamic acid, phenylalanine, and lysine from the corresponding racemic amino acid mixtures faster than the corresponding L-isomer. The chitin nanofibers improve clinical symptoms and suppress ulcerative colitis in a DSS-induced mouse model of acute ulcerative colitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1302K) -
Kazuo TANAKA2012 Volume 69 Issue 8 Pages 468-484
Published: August 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccording to the principles and the chemistries of the thermally-stable, conductive, or optical materials based on polymers, the author designed and synthesized a new series of bioprobes and biocompatible materials using cubic silsesquioxanes, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and network polymers as scaffolds. Herein, the recent works concerning these functional bio-related materials are described. In the former parts, the improvements of the sensitivity of the MRI contrast agents are presented. Furthermore, the developments of various kinds of the NMR probes for monitoring the biomolecules and biological reactions are explained. In the latter parts, the encapsulation abilities of the novel synthetic dendrimers and network polymers are illustrated. Finally, the photon upconversion system in aqueous solutions is reported for extending the applicability of photomedical treatments at the deep spots inside vital bodies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1809K) -
Keita KUROIWA2012 Volume 69 Issue 8 Pages 485-492
Published: August 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipid packaged dinuclear ruthenium (II,III) complexes of class III mixed-valent state produce a reversible hypochromic effect in dichloromethane upon external physical stimuli, such as shaking, due to the arrangement of transition dipole moments. In addition, the complexes display morphological changes with aging of the solution. Formation of a bilayer structure causes morphological evolution from microtapes to microtubes, giving rise to changes in absorption spectral intensities. Moreover, these morphological and spectral changes can be reversed by standing and shaking. The concept of lipid packaging could also be expanded to other useful coordination compounds and will allow us to further develop the nanochemistry of coordination materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (1355K) -
Kei MOROHOSHI2012 Volume 69 Issue 8 Pages 493-501
Published: August 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo commercialize polymer materials through research and development processes, it is necessary to satisfy a lot of demands about polymer properties. To achieve these requests, one needs new syntheses cyclically, and it is difficult to shorten the duration of new polymer development. Polymer simulation and modeling, which would synthesize polymers virtually and evaluate properties quantitatively, would make this process more efficient. A coarse-grained model was developed and applied to a fuel cell polyelectrolyte membrane, which has proton conductivity, gas permeability and chemical stability. Analysis results showed that increasing the side chain length leads to increased long-range mobility in regard to proton conductivity. The developed model can evaluate gas permeability and mechanical strength; therefore it is possible to use this process for wide spread industrial polymer design because gas permeability and mechanical strength are important properties for many other polymers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1446K)
Notice
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Takafumi SATO, Kanae TERAMOTO, Takaya SATOH, Yoshihisa UEDA2012 Volume 69 Issue 8 Pages 502
Published: August 25, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (94K)
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