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Volume 20, Issue 214
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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I. An Apparatus for Measuring the Dynamic BirefringenceRyo Yamada1963 Volume 20 Issue 214 Pages 97-101
Published: February 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently, Onogi, Keedy and Stein developed a measuring technique of the dynamic birefringence of polymer films. The present paper is concerned with an apparatus similar to theirs but more convenient to measure the phase angle between the birefringence and the strain or stress at temperatures ranging from-40 to 200°C and in the frequency range from 0.005 to 20 cycles per second. This apparatus can also be used for static measurements of the birefringence, strain and strees under a constant strain or constant rate of strain.
Preliminary experiments on valcanized rubber and polyethylene films have showed that this apparatus can give satisfactory Lissajous' figures, and that the phase angles between the birefringence and the strain for these two samples have different signs.View full abstractDownload PDF (4103K) -
II. Decomposition of polycarbonateMasami Tomikawa1963 Volume 20 Issue 214 Pages 102-107
Published: February 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermal decomposition and hydrolysis of polycarbonate were studied. A large part of the gases which were evolved from polymer during the thermal decomposition reaction was carbon dioxide. The decomposition of polymer was accelerated at higher temperature, and in this case the evolution of methane was observed. Bisphenol A was extracted by methanol-benzene from the decomposition products and the residues were insoluble in methylene chloride. This result suggests the occurence of the degradation and the crosslinking in polymer chain during the decomposition reaction. From the rate of evolution of CO2, the activation energies were calculated as about 21 kcal/mol.
Bisphenol A was quantitatively obtained by the hydrolysis of polycarbonate. And the rate determining step of hydrolysis was the swelling or dissolving of polycarbonate. Dilute mineral acids were non-reactive to the hydrolysis of polycarbonate, and NaOH and NH4OH especially effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (1074K) -
LXV. Graft Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate Using Preozonized Polyvinyl ChlorideMinoru Imoto, Takayuki Otsu, Toshio Ito1963 Volume 20 Issue 214 Pages 108-112
Published: February 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study of the graft polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate using preozonized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as an initiator has been made. During the ozonization at room temperature, the weight of PVC increased with the time and peroxidic group was formed. Infrared spectra of the preozonized PVC showed the absorption bands of carbonyl and ozonide groups. These preozonized PVC could initiate the polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate to yield the graft copolymer. The efficiency of grafting was as low as 5-1O% and a large amount of homopolymer was obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K) -
I. Copolymerization of Vinyl Chloride with AcrylonitrileKeiichi Nambu1963 Volume 20 Issue 214 Pages 113-122
Published: February 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe copolymerization of vinyl chloride with acrylonitrile at low temperatures (mainly 5, -15, and-30°C) has been studied. The copolymers obtained were seemed to be fairly uniform in composition and molecular weight. The solubilities of these copolymers increased with the acrylonitrile content. Heat shrinkage of fibers and films made from these copolymers were lower than that of polyvinyl chloride and the other vinyl chloride copolymers obtained at the same temperatures.
The fairly large polarity of acrylonitrile unit in the copolymer chain is seemed to make this unit to be the centre of attractive force between the polymer chains. Although the orientation of polymer chains will be disturbed by these acrylonitrile unit, the attractive force between the chain by these units is seemed to overcome the disturvance.
The fibers prepared from these copolymers showed poor dyeability to water-soluble dyestaffs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1969K) -
II. Copolymerization of Vinyl Chloride with Maleic AnhydrideKeiichi Nambu1963 Volume 20 Issue 214 Pages 123-131
Published: February 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCopolymerization of vinyl chloride with maleic anhydride was carried out at temperatures lower than zero degree. Owing to the fact that maleic anhydride is easily hydrolized or alcoholized in methanol-water solution even at low temperature, it was necessary to dissolve the anhydride in the water-insoluble solvent and to add this solution successively into the polymerizing system. The copolymer thus obtained showed some moisture absorption and good dyeability to cationic dyestuffs. The heat shrinkage of the fiber made from the copolymer showed nearly the same in hot air as that of the polyvinyl chloride fiber (polymerized at the same temperature), but it was greater in hot water. Films made from the copolymers were treated in hot water, and analyzed by IR spectroscopy. The characteristic absorption bands of maleic anhydride (1860 and 1780cm-1) decreased with immersion time, while the characteristic bands of carboxylic acid (1740 and 1715cm-1) became stronger with immersion time.View full abstractDownload PDF (2023K) -
III. The Infrared Spectra and the X-ray Diffraction Patterns of the Vinyl Chloride-Diethyl Maleate CopolymersKeiichi Nambu1963 Volume 20 Issue 214 Pages 131-136
Published: February 25, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: October 14, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe infrared absorption spectra and the X-ray diffraction patterns of the films obtained from the vinyl chloride-diethyl maleate copolymers obtained at-30°C have been compared with those of PVC obtained at the same temperature.
These patterns showed marked change as the diethyl maleate content increased. From the change of the infrared spectra and the X-ray diffraction patterns, it is considered that the minimum number average sequence length of vinyl chloride, which gives the crystallinity to the copolymer, is from 20 to 30.View full abstractDownload PDF (1162K)
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