As one of the serial experiments on the osmotic constancy within the body, the effects of intraabdominal injection of the solutions which were prepared by combining different amounts and osmolarities on the contractile property of the lymph heart were investigated in the anaesthetized toad. The properties of the peritoneal surface, respectively sensitive to the change in the volume and osmolarity in the abdominal cavity, were examined with respect to the change in amplitude and in frequency of the mechanical properties of the lymph heart.1. The lymph heart activity is controlled essentially by the spinal cord, and hence the changes occurred were reflexive in nature, except for few cases of which change in lymph heart motility was supposed to be caused by a direct effect of the solution injected on the lymph heart muscle itself.2. Heterotonic solutions which were injected into the abdominal cavity caused the change in frequency of the rhythmical lymph heart activity. Hypertonic solutions affected more strongly than hypotonic solutions. The increase in the volume of the solutions injected resulted in the addition of the increase in amplitude. The amount exceeding about 3 ml was enough to generate the volumetric response. The change in frequency was equivalent to the osmoceptive response and the change in amplitude the volumoceptive response.Isotonic solutions, either electrolytic or nonelectrolytic, when the amount was excessive, caused only volumetric response.3. Volumoceptive response was occurred immediately after the procedure, while osmoceptive response was relatively delayed even under the condition capable of producing both responses. The change in osmotic pressure of the solutions injected resulted always in the change in frequency of the motility even if the solution was hypertonic or hypotonic. The functional distinction of the osmoceptive and volumoceptive properties on the peritoneal surface was evident.

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Using isolated frog sartorius muscles, participation of Na and Ca ions in the maintenance of the architectural resting state of the membrane was investigated by observing the change in ionic linkage between these ions and membrane lipid which is a master substance of the membrane. The dissociation of radioisotopic Na and Ca from the membrane and the change in Na and K contents were examined when lipase, lecithinase and heparin were applied externally.1. Lipase was less effective in producing the change in concentrations of muscle Na and K, as compared with other enzymes. It was presumed that the substrate which was influenced by lecithinase was different, as far as the experiments on ²² Na efflux and ion contents were concerned, from that which was affected by lipase. Recovery of the muscle treated lipolytically was incomplete, when viewed from the restoration of ion contents or mechanical activity.2. ²² Na efflux was increased continuously by lecithinase at lower concentrations and transiently by lipase at higher concentrations. The sites to which ouabain demonstrates its specific activity lose their responsive ability by lipase. It is supposed that the structure of active Na transport is principally built up by lipids which are hydrolyzed strongly by lipase and weakly by lecithinase.3. Release or exchange of membrane Ca was increased by lipolysis but was stabilized by proteolysis. The pattern of ⁴⁵Ca efflux in K free Ringer and that by lipolytic enzymes could superpose on each other as an algebraic sum, while ⁴⁵Ca efflux in Ca free Ringer containing the enzyme was increased in “either-or” manner that when one condition of them demonstrated its own effect the other could not show its specific effect. There is a part of membrane Ca which contributes to aggregate lipid components, and the sites that these Ca ions are playing a role in combining lipids are affected more strongly by lipase than by lecithinase.

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The improved overlay medium for plaque titrations was investigated on two strains of herpes simplex virus using GMK cells. The most favourable constituents of the overlay medium was as follows : 1.5% agar, 0.5% skim milk, 0.125% lactalbumin hydrolysate and 0.225% sodium bicarbonate in Earle's saline. The second overlay with neutral red was done after 3 days. In this system, HF and M strain developed the clear plaques with the size of 1 to 4.5 mm and 0.5 to 1.5 mm, respectively. There was a linear relationship between the virus concentration and the number of plaques. The plaque forming titer in GMK cells was as same as the pock forming titer on CAM, and higher than that in chick embryo cells. The possibility of inhibitory effect on the plaque formation of agar component could be ruled out by the experiment of adding protamin sulfate into overlay medium or of replacing the agar by the agarose.

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Intimal, longitudinal, band-like lesions and spiral sclerotic changes (Fig. 1) were reported as gross findings of a recent study of human coronary atherogenesis (Nakashima et al.); and a relationship of these band-like lesions to hemodynamic action of the blood stream against the coronary arterial walls was postulated. The present study concerns the macroscopic and microscopic observations of the early stages of the longitudinal lesions.

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The rabbits were infected with about 500 cercariae of Schistosoma japonica. The localization, specificity, and change of the antigen antibody reaction in adult worm, ovum, and miracidium and granuloma with ova in the organs after infection of cercariae were observed by the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody technique. At the same time, rise and fall of the antibody titer was serologically observed in the precipitin test and the tannic acid hemagglutination test. The liver function tests were performed to study of destruction of the liver. Furthermore, after infection, the transformation of the rabbit serum fraction by the immunoelectrophoresis was studied. The results of the above experiments were as follow.1) In the precipitin test and the tannic acid hemagglutination test using adult worm as antigen, antibody titer rose in 6-8 weeks after infection and it continued until 20 weeks.2) It was observed that the serum protein fraction and the transaminase changed remarkably. Albumin fell and beta-, gamma-globulin increased in 8 weeks after infection. Gamma-globulin tended to increase more in 20 weeks after infection. Both s-GOT and s-GPT increased remarkably in 4 weeks after infection and decreased remarkably in 8 weeks, it increased and decreased until 20 weeks at the line of the normal rate.3) Specific strong precipitate line in beta-globulin region was observed in those 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 20 weeks after infection by immunoelectrophoresis.4) The direct fluorescent antibody technique was applied to cercaria, adult worm and miracidium and the fluorescein-labelled infected rabbit gamma-globulin with Schistosoma japonica. The specific fluorescence was seen in each. It was hard to deny that common antigen existed in each. The fluorescent reaction of cercaria, adult worm, and miracidium of Schistosoma japonica in each period (6-, 8-, 12-, and 20 weeks after infection) was not found to differ. Meanwhile, slight fluorescence was also observed in the control which was normal rabbit gamma-globulin.5) In the indirect technique, fluorescent reaction of ccercaria, adult worm, and miracidium was observed in untreated rabbit and infected rabbit from 2 weeks to 20 weeks after infection.In cercaria, slight fluorescent reaction was observed from 2 weeks to 20 weeks after infection. (F. A. dilution 4×-16× dilutions, serum dilution 10×-100× dilutions)In adult worm, no fluorescence was seen in them until 4 weeks after infection but seen slightly from 8 weeks to 20 weeks. (F. A. dilution 8×-32×, serum dilution 10×-100×)In miracidium, no fluorescence was seen in them until 6 weeks after infection but seen between 8 weeks and 20 weeks. (F. A. dilution 4×-16×, serum dilution 10×-l00×).6) Markedly different findings were seen in the fluorescent reaction to labelled gamma-globulin in the infected rabbit organs.Bright apple-green like specific fluorescence to labelled gamma-globulin 6, 8, 12, and 20 weeks after infection was observed in the ovum of the liver and intestine in the direct technique. However, very slight fluorescence was seen in the granuloma.Meanwhile, in the indirect technique, bright apple-green fluorescence was seen in the ovum, the granuloma around the ovum of the liver, intestine, and the red pulp of the spleen. However, this reaction was partially seen in the control.7) No fluorescence was seen in the normal organs.

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