1) Washout experiments using ⁴⁵Ca and ²²Na ions in the sartorius muscles proved that ⁴⁵Ca ion dissociation from the surface membrane was suppressed by trypsinization. This phenomenon may be occurred by an attractive binding of mobile Ca⁺⁺ ions to newly developed or exposed anionic sites following conformational change of membrane protein. The conformational change, probably from helical to coil structure, did not tell us the detailed mechanism to produce the change in ion content of the muscle fibres or in membrane potential level by trypsin with an exception of a term of permeability increase. In addition, this change facilitated exchange of monovalent cations. Presumably, modification of the effect of trypsin on ⁴⁵Ca ion movement and secondarily on ²²Na efflux when combined with iodoacetate was a result of summation of Ca⁺⁺ ion association with anionic sites produced by trypsin and with those produced by protein disorganization by iodoacetate, not by glycolysis disturbance. The Ca⁺⁺ ions were already existing or were made free during rearrangement of protein structure. 2) ²²Na efflux was increased by trypsin. Correlation of ⁴⁵Ca ion association to ²²Na efflux increase is paradoxical, however, the results are reasonable if interpreted by independence principle. This type of increase in ²²Na efflux was conditionally different from that by Ca free Ringer. It was also passive in nature because of the appearance even in K free Ringer. However, when active ²²Na transport was completely inhibited, there remained only a small part of ²²Na efflux which was trypsin-sensitive.3) In this experiment, special attention was not paied to concrete geometrical organization of chemical components. The results of spontaneous twitching in sucrose suggested that the change after trypsin application was favorable for leaking out of internally ionized Ca⁺⁺ ions. Trypsin produced stabilization of Ca⁺⁺ ions on the membrane surface but caused labilization or ionization of calcium from the intracellular tubular systems. The stabilization is probably due to an attraction of mobile Ca⁺⁺ ions to newly developed anionic sites on carboxyl groups following trypsinization. 4) The Ca⁺⁺ ions of which kinetics is altered by trypsin are not always contribute to chemical integrity of the membrane in the resting state. Ca⁺⁺ ion association by trypsin is purposeful whenviewed from proteolytic turnover process in the membrane. The result described may be suggestive of one phase of protein turnover taking place physiologically in the membrane. All the results were explained in terms of an increase of both anionic sites on protein molecules and the number of free Ca⁺⁺ ions after trypsinization.

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Pathological studies on human cases of schistosomiasis mansoni in Puerto Rico were conducted. Materials used were the autopsied cases of schistosomiasis mansoni encountered at the Department of Pathology, Puerto Rico Medical Center, from January 1967 to September 1971. There were 83 casesof schistosomiasis mansoni which contained schistosoma eggs in their organs. On the basis of thesecases, morbidity of the present disease was investigated, and histological examinations of the liver lesions were critically performed. Typical 3 cases of liver cirrhosis due to Schistosoma mansoni were subjoined and different points between schistosomiasis mansoni in Puerto Rico and schistosomiasis japonica in Kurume, Japan, were also discussed.

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The IDU (5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine)-resistant mutants (SI, LI and GI) obtained from S (small plaque f ormers), L (large plaque f ormers) and G (polykaryocyte formers) of herpes simplex virus have a similar character in antigenicity and the same heat stabilty as the originl types of viruses. Mixed infection with SI and L produced a recombinant virus at relatively high frequencies. In the mixed infection with SI and G, unexpected recombinant types such as L and LI were produced in addition to GI recombinant. This suggests that G character may be determined by a combination of at least two cistrons which exhibit the L character when they function separately.

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The measurement of fixation of the hair-root and 17-KS, 17-OHCS and estrogen in urines of not only the patients of cancer of the stomach as well as of the breast but also of healthy persons with alopecia and without it are carried out. We statistically investigated that the stomach cancer group was predominance of female hormone in both sexes and the male hormone was predominance in the alopecia.

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In order to elucidate the effect of denervation of the lung produced by lungtransplantation on the function of the transplanted lung, the ventilation, the alveolar function, the nature of blood gas and hemodynamics were observed. Moreover, the function of a single reimplanted lung after total removal of the contralateral lung was also investigated. The effect of denervation is not so remarkable as may be expected. On the other hand, the existence of secondary factors cannot be disregarded. If we make effect to eliminate these unfavorable factors, the influence of denervation cannot be a great obstacle to the performance of lungtransplantation.

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An open, controlled, clinical investigation of a new antimycotic substance, Clotrimazole (Bay b 5097), comprising 30 patients with candidiasis confirmed the reliable therapeutic efficacy of the substance in the presentation of 1% cream. The excellent anti-fungal efficacy of the substance yielded impressive results in the patients treated. It is a definite advantage of Bay b 5097 thatits anti-mycotic spectrum is broader than that of other conventional topical agents. Side effects were described as erythema (1 time), not severe and not necessitating interruption or cessation of therapy.

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