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Volume 59, Issue 1.2
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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OriginalContribution
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AQUEELA AYAZ, MIAN USMAN FAROOQ2012 Volume 59 Issue 1.2 Pages 1-4
Published: September 30, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: December 21, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to compare maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes between groups of placenta previa (PP) with and without previous cesarean section (CS). A prospective study was carried out from March 2008 to August 2009 at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hera General Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Diagnosed cases of PP with singleton pregnancy presenting with ante-partum hemorrhage (APH) in the 3rd trimester undergoing either emergency or elective CS were included. Subjects were divided into two groups, 30 with previous CS (group A) and 27 without previous CS (group B), and the risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
One mother in group A died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. The risk of post partum hemorrhage (PPH), blood transfusion and coagulopathy was higher in group A, (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5-15; p=0.008; OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5-15; p=0.008; OR 9.5, 95% CI 1.2-81.6; p=0.03, respectively). Mean length of hospital stay (days±SD) in group A was significantly longer than that in group B (5.3±3.2 vs. 3.2±1.5, 95% CI 0.8-3.2; p=0.002). A higher risk of perinatal adverse outcome was found in group A, but the difference was not significant.
Risk of maternal morbidity was higher than that of perinatal morbidity in Group A.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
MAKOTO TETSUKA, TSUYOSHI SAGA, MORIYOSHI NAKAMURA, YOKO TABIRA, JINGO ...2012 Volume 59 Issue 1.2 Pages 5-15
Published: September 30, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: December 21, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo chew, it is necessary to maintain harmony between the masseter muscle and other organs. Various studies have been conducted on the masseter muscle, but none has examined the relationships among masseter muscle form, occlusal support of remaining teeth, and maxillofacial morphology. Thus, we conducted the present study using cadavers donated to anatomy practice. After the masseter muscle was extracted, its length, width, thickness, and volume were measured; histological observations were conducted; and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area and muscle density were calculated. In addition, denture use and non-use were examined. The results showed that when regional support loss occurs, muscle fiber thickness and density decrease. This in turn causes masseter muscle thickness and volume to decrease, resulting in muscle atrophy. Furthermore, excluding Eichner class A cases (all regions intact), the thickness of the masseter muscle is greatest when the premolar support region remains. The premolar support region was shown to have the most impact on masseter muscle morphology. These results suggest that atrophy of the masseter muscle can be arrested or improved with the use of dentures in the case of tooth loss.View full abstractDownload PDF (2105K) -
YOUHEI ISHII, KIICHIRO MORITA, YOSHIHISA SHOJI, CHIZUKO KAWABE, RYO FU ...2012 Volume 59 Issue 1.2 Pages 17-24
Published: September 30, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: December 21, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize visual cognitive function and the effect of emotion in patients with schizophrenia.
We recorded exploratory eye movements as biologic markers in 40 schizophrenic patients and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Total eye scanning length (TESL), total number of gaze points (TNGP), and TNGP in right (right TNGP) and left (left TNGP) visual fields on screen were calculated as subjects viewed affectively charged pictures (smiling and crying babies) with fitting sounds.
TESL of patients was shorter than that of controls when viewing pictures of smiling babies while recalling pleasurable events, and significantly decreased under negative emotional loading when viewing crying babies while recalling sad events. TESL recovered to the original values after loading positive emotion again in the controls. However, TESL did not recover to the original values in schizophrenic patients. TNGP showed similar alterations in the emotional loading task. When TNGP was evaluated in left and right fields, in patients, the non-recovery of TNGP was only observed in the left side. TESL and left TNGP were negatively correlated with negative symptom scores on PANSS.
Schizophrenic patients’eye movements in the left visual field screen during the emotional loading task were different from those of controls, which suggests that visual cognitive function is impaired in the right brain in schizophrenic patients. Exploratory eye movements are a useful marker of visual cognitive function, and are a useful tool to evaluate the influence of emotion in schizophrenic patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1565K) -
TOSHIRO UCHINO, MASAHARU MAEDA, NAOHISA UCHIMURA2012 Volume 59 Issue 1.2 Pages 25-31
Published: September 30, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: December 21, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrevious studies suggest that self-stigma is related to social isolation and discrimination. Although it is known that stigma has cultural and social impacts, only a few studies in Japan have explored self-stigma in people with schizophrenia. The present study was conducted to investigate self-stigma in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in Japan under a typical clinical setting, and to examine the effect of psychoeducation on self-stigma. Fifty-six participants (44 men and 12 women) who met the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were recruited. All participants completed several questionnaires including social distance scale. Collected data were classified into an experiential or non-experiential group according to hospital records. The experiential group received psychoeducation which focused on reducing self-stigma by correcting inaccurate ideas about schizophrenia, and the relation between schizophrenia and criminal activity or violence, by watching videotapes and analyzing data from a report published by the National Police Agency. After the intervention, participants completed the Japanese version of the Social Distance Scale (SDS-J), the Knowledge of Illness and Drugs Inventory (KIDI) questionnaire, the Drug Attitude Inventory 10 (DAI-10), and the Birchwood’s Psychosis Insight Scale (BPIS). In addition Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) scores were calculated for each participant. Significant differences between the 2 groups were observed for the SDS-J, KIDI, and BPIS (P<0.01 for each). However, no significant differences were observed for the DAI-10, GAF, age, and duration of treatment. The results of a path analysis showed that increasing knowledge about schizophrenia and its treatment might play an important role in reducing the self-stigma associated with this disease. When performing psychoeducation for people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, we need to discuss the pervasive effects of stigma and discrimination.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K)
Case Report
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SUSUMU KOBAYASHI, KEITA SAKURAI, MOTOKI TANIKAWA, YUSUKE NISHIKAWA, NO ...2012 Volume 59 Issue 1.2 Pages 33-38
Published: September 30, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: December 21, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLymphoma of the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma is known to present as a well-demarcated mass with strong and homogenous gadolinium enhancement in the periventricular and⁄or superficial region. We report a case of central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) manifesting as multiple white matter lesions with non-tumorous patchy or ring-like enhancement and partial spontaneous resolution on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Such findings are unusual and could lead to misdiagnosis without pathological evaluation.View full abstractDownload PDF (3266K)
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