The results of the fundamental experiments for the antibacterial activity of PCP mixed in the insoles of canvas shoes made in a rubber industry are summarized as follows:As for antibacterial activity for saprophytes, sodium pentachlorophenate was the strongest, that is, the insole containing 0.6% of it in the rubber part and 2.1% in the rubber cement part was sufficiently effective, while the materials containing the same dense lindane showed uncertain antibacterial activity for saprophytes; it was thought that the water-insolubility of lindane itself was one of the causes.When the materials were exposed in the direct sunlight for six hours, only sodium salt of PCP had the antibacterial action for saprophytes; lindane, which had considerably higher volatility than PCP, decreased its effects, yet had antibacterial action compared with other materials containing no chemicals.The residual effects of the chemicals, after continuous washing of the 10 mm diameter circularly cut insoles as the materials, was examined, and it was found that the antibacterial action of the sodium pentachlorophenate and lindane remained in 6 to 48 hours' washing, but over 96 hours, both chemicals did not prevent the growth of bacteria and showed the disappearance and decrease of the effects by the washing. This was because the materials containing the chemicals, 0.6% in the rubber part and 2.1% rubber cement part, were cut into a piece of 10 mm diameter and were washed continuously, then the chemicals were drawn out.When the materials, rubber-soled tabi (socks) containing the sodium pentachlorophenate, 2.0% in the rubber part and 2.1% in the rubber cement part, were worn practically for 55 days and washed every other week, a total five times, the perfect antibacterial activity was held.Comparing the effects of sodium salt with calcium salt of PCP, the materials which contained respectively each chemical, 1.0% in the rubber part and 2.1% in the rubber cement, showed the perfect antibacterial effect and the difference of effects between them were not distinguished.In the fungicidal activity test for trichophyton, by the above-mentioned methods of testing, only sodium pentachlorophenate showed considerable effect, and was known to have expanding penetration into its circumference and its fungicidal action for trichophyton was ascertained.The toxicity of the chemical mixed into the insoles of canvas shoes for human body was to be examined and discussed. The Na-PCP contents in the insoles of 10 Mon sized canvas shoes are shown in the table.Accordingly, if a person of at least 40 kg weight wears 10 mon-sized canvas shoes and all the quantity of 0.218g in the rubber cement and the canvas enters the body through the skin at one time, this quantity will be equivalent to about 5.5mg/kg. As for the toxicity of pentachlorophenol, there has been a lot of study in the past^46)-52). According to them, in the animal tests, the percutaneous lethal dose of Na-PCP water solution for a rabbit was to be 260mg/kg. Then, examining the quantity of Na-PCP per 1kg weight of person, though it was unreasonable to set a standard by the lethal dose of a rabbit, supposed this lethal dose was in proportion to the human body, 5.5 mg/kg were equivalent to about 1/50 of that lethal dose and considerably far from the lethal dose. Practically, however, it was not thought that the whole quantity of Na-PCP in the rubber cement and the canvas entered the body at one time, accordingly the above-mentioned case could not be supposed.By the studies of several research workers in the past, if the highly concentrated solution of Na-PCP was administered on the skin for a long time, it was reported that a skin inflammation was caused, but practically, our laboratory members and women assistant research workers, a total of eight, wore the canvas shoes containing Na-PCP for about five months and the effects for the skin had been examined, no abnormality or side reaction were

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The results of the experiments are summarized as follows: When the material insoles of canvas shoes, which mixed Na-PCP and Ca-PCP in concentrations of 0.6 to 4.0% in the rubber parts and 2.1% uniformly in the rubber cement part holding together the rubber soles and the canvas, were washed in tap water for 6, 24, 48, 96, 120 and 144 hours, in the case when the materials were first cut into 10 mm diameter circles and then were washed, containing 0.6% in the rubber part, after 96 hours continuous washing, showed entirely no growth of saprophytes and the antibacterial effect remained perfect, but above 120 hours washing, its antibacterial effect decreased and disappeared ; however, compared with the control, the growth of bacteria was slight. The materials contained two to four percent in the rubber part, after 120 hours washing, held a complete antibacterial effect, but after 144 hours washing, only the 4.0% ones held a complete antibacterial effect; nevertheless in the ones contained, less than 2.0% compared with the control, the antibacterial effect was noticed.By the experiments for Trichophyton rubrum, the growth of the fungi was completely prevented after 24 hours continuous washing, but above 48 hours washing, the antifungal action inclined to decrease and above 144 hours, even the ones containing 4.0% did not seem to prevent the growth of fungi.On the contrary, in the case of those washed before cutting the insoles, the antibacterial or antifungal action was considerably superior to those cut before washing, and the flowing of chemicals was known to be a little restricted. To state the practical conditions, it was said to be near the actual condition when the whole insoles were washed as they were, then cut circularly and examined for the antibacterial or antifungal effect.By the above washing tests, the antibacterial and antifungal effect was almost same between Na-PCP and Ca-PCP and it seemed difficult to distinguish the superiority or inferiority of their residual effects.As the practical experiments, the canvas shoes which were mixed with Na-PCP 0, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0% and Ca-PCP 0.6 and 1.0% in the rubber parts, and the same chemicals of 2.1% uniformly in each rubber cement part, were worn for about half a year from the summer to the autumn by eight laboratory members and during these period, for eight hours a day on an average, for 38, 100, and 113 days respectively and were washed several times. Examining the residual effects of antibacterial or antifungal activity of these materials for saprophytes and trichophyton, compared with the control the antibacterial activity was noticed enough, but its effects decreased extremely and the antibacterial or antifungal action of the canvas shoes was known to have a certain restricted period, and its effective period was thought to be within half a year.As the results of the practical experiments, skin disease symptoms as side reactions for the human body were not observed at all and as reported in the first report, the insoles material mixed with PCP was thought to have no toxicity for human body.

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Since 1956, Takasaki et al. (1956, 1957) have studied the mechanism of the reflex apnea caused by nicotine and diphenhydramine in cats or rabbits and concluded that it may be due to the “pulmonary respiratory chemoreflex” described by Dawes et al. (1954). Further, the blocking effects of several drugs on the reflex were reported (Nakano et al., 1957).In the present paper, the blocking effects of several drugs on the respiratory and circulatory reflexes in dogs were examined.

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It has been recognized that the apnea caused by intravenously in jected nicotine may be due to the pulmonary respiratory chemoreflex (Takasaki, 1956). The localization of the receptor responsible to the reflex, however, is not yet confirmed.On the other hand, it has been reported that the circulatory reflex originating in the receptor within the heart (Bezold-Jarisch effect defined by Dawes et al., 1954) is blocked by intrapericardial administration of procaine or the other local anesthetics (Kurotubo, 1942., Hukuda, 1951., Kido, 1953).The present experiment attempted to confirm that the receptor in the heart is not concerned in the nicotine apnea, using the intrapericardial in jection of procaine. In addition, the troubles occurred after intrapericardial administration of procaine were examined.

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