The dnaK and dnaJ genes are located in a region between thr and car on E. coli chromosome and constitute a single operon. They were originally discovered as essential genes for Aphage DNA replication because mutations in them blocked the propagation of phage λ at all temperature. These mutants were subsequently shown to be temperature sensitive for cellular growth and to exhibit deffect in DNA synthesis. Both the dnaK and dnaJ gene products belong to heat shock proteins whose synthesis are specifically induced by temperature shift up. In addition to the above mentioned common properties, the dnaK and dnaJ proteins appear to be related to specific processes for each gene. For example, dnaK protein modulates the heat shock response, whereas dnaJ protein seems to be correlated with a mechanism that regulates cell-cycle dependent protein synthesis. The entire nucleotide sequences of the dnaK and dnaJ genes have recently reported. Thus it is now possible to study the pleiotropic character of dnaK and dnaJ mutants on the basis of the gene structure. One of the most useful approach, is to clone various mutant genes and compare their nucleotide sequence with that of the wild type gene. During the course of the study to clone the mutant dnaK and dnaJ genes, we found that K7052 which was originally reported as a temperature sensitive mutant of dnaK and dnaJ genes is a deletion mutant of both genes. It was shown that the deletion extends to 62% of the dnaK gene at 3' end and 92% of the dnaJ gene. From the results obtained here we propose that the dnaK and dnaJ genes are uniquely required for growth at high temperature but are dispensable for growth and DNA synthesis at low temperature. Considering that the dnaK protein is one of the 17 heat shock proteins found in E. coli and its DNA sequences are conserved among a wide variety of organisms ranging from prokaryotes to human, the results obtained in this study, give one of the important clues to consider the biological function of heat shock proteins.

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As a contribution in a series of studies on arterial supply in the human muscle in our laboratory, in this paper. deltoid muscle of 25 Japanese adults' bodies with 50 side cases have been examined to explore the origin of nutrient arteries, the branching condition and the distribution area in this muscle. 1) The classifications by the origin and the distribution of arterial supply. Type I-A: Thoracoacromial artery (Ta) is mainly distributed to the Pars anterior of the deltoid muscle from the front side, and posterior humeral circumflex artery (Chp) is mainly distributed to the Pars media and the Pars posterior of muscle bundles from the back side along with axillary nerve…(44%). Type I-B: The branch of anterior humeral circumflex artery (Cha) is added to the Pars anterior of muscle bundles of Type I-A and that of scapular circumflex artery (Cs) is added to the upper part of the Pars posterior…(36%). Type II-A: The branch of brachial artery (B) in Type I-A is lacking…(0 %)・Type II-B: The branch of B is lacking in Type I-B…(4%). Type III-A: The branch of subclavian artery(S) in Type I-A is lacking…(6%). Type III-B: The branch of S in Type I-B is lacking…(10%). 2) The reciprocal relation of distribution areas between Ta and Chp. Type T・C: Ta is distributed to the Pars anterior of deltoid muscle and Chp is distributed to the Pars media et posterior…(54%). Type T: Ta is distributed as far as the Pars media of the muscle bundles…(32%). Type C: Chp is distributed as far as the Pars anterior of the muscle bundles…(14%). 3) The distribution areas of the arterial supply were supplied with Chp…(60.7%), Ta (24.4%) and the common branch from B (6.3%). 4) The total numbers of supplying arteries were 5 (20 cases), 6 (18 cases) and 8 (2 cases). 5) In the classification of the section 1), a type, in which the left and right are similar in distribution, was seen in 5 bodies out of 16 males and 6 bodies out of 9 females: apparently the latter is higher in frequency.

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The phospholipid composition (PLC) and intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca^<2+>]i) in platelets of Type IIa hyperlipidemia were determined, and their relationship with platelet aggregation (PA), β thromboglobulin (βTG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) was investigated. Subjects were as follows: group IIa: 73 patients with total cholesterol (TC) more than 250mg/dl in the non-disease group and group C: 71 normal subjects with TC less than 230 mg/dl. Methods: PLC was determined by the thin-layer chromatographic hydrogen flameionizing detection method and [Ca^2]i by two-wavelength ratio excitation method using fura 2. The maximum aggregation rate of PA induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine and collagen, and βTG and PF4 was determined by RIA. The results were as follows: 1. 1) Group IIa showed significant by higher PA induced by ADP, epinephrine and collagen (P<0.001) than group C, 2) No significant change was observed in blood (ITG or PF4, 3) A significantly high value of phosphatidylinositol (PI) (P<0.01) and significantly low value of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (P<0.01) were observed in PLC, and 4) [Ca^<2+>]i showed a significantly high value (P<0.01). 2. [Ca^<2+>]i was positively correlated with TC, LDL-C and PI, and PC was negatively correlated with TC in group IIa.

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Innervation of the deltoid muscle in 88 bodies of Japanese adults with 176 side cases has been studied, then the following result are obtained. As a rule the anterior portion of deltoid muscle and the clavicular portion of pectoralis major muscle are separated each other (Type I, 97.7±1.13%), and ordinarily they can be attached each other and innervated by the different nerves respectively. Four cases in which both the muscles are adherent at the clavicular portion (Type II, 2.3±1.13%) are recorded. In 2 of these 4 cases the lateral pectoral nerve, which ordinarily should innervate the clavicular portion of pectoralis major muscle, is distributed to a part of the anterior portion of muscle bundles of the deltoid muscle (Type II-B, 1.1±0.79%). In Type II, with adhesion of both the muscles, a part of muscle bundles in the deep layer of the anterior portion of deltoid muscle is inserted to the upper edge of the inserted tendon of pectoralis major muscle as the transitional muscle bundles. On the other hand, in Type the lateral pectoral nerve is distributed at these deep layer transitional muscle bundles of the deltoid muscle, the axillary nerve at the superficial layer muscle bundles, then both the nerves are overlapped each other.

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Plasmid pBFSK1 is 2.6 kilobase of small plasmid DNA molecule, which is harbored in Bacteroides fragilis strain KHM027 isolated from a patient with colitis, has gene coding for resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and oxyiminocephalosporins. The aim of the present study was to examine the molecular genetics of plasmid pBFSK1 through the construction of restriction endonuclease cleavage map and genetic map. Restriction endonuclease cleavage map was constructed by a combination of double or triple restriction enzyme digests, and each one site of Pst I, EcoR I, Hind III, BamHI, Sal I, Sma I recognition sequence, two sites of Ava I, Dra I , Pvu II recognition sequence, three sites of Acc I rcognition sequence and four sites of Hinf I recognition sequence were mapped on the pBFSK1 molecule. Genetic map was constructed through transposon Tn5 and insertion sequence γδ insertional mutagenesis, and the 0.6 kilobase of β-lactamase gene (bla) region and 1.4 kilobase of essential region for replication (rep) were mapped. Furthermore, some physical and chemical functions of the β-lactamase polypeptide encoded in bla gene region of pBFSK1 molecule were analyzed by substrates profiling to each β-lactam antibiotics (iodine-colorimetric assey was used and taking the absolute rate of aminobenzylpenicillin hydrolysis as 100) and coding protein in vivo was synthesized (coding proteins were synthesized in minicells produced from Escherichia coli strain x984 and molecular weight were determinated). Results from these analysis, it was proved that the β-lactamase polypeptide encoded in bla gene region of pBFSK1 molecule is 29 kilodalton of oxyiminocephalosporinase, but then the substrates profile of this β-lactamase was different from some typical oxyiminocephalosporinases in it's hydrolyisis activitis to a few β-lactam antibiotics and molecular weight. This result suggests that the β-lactamase encoded in bla gene region of pBFSK1 is one of an atypical (newtype) oxyiminocephalosporinase.

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Shapes of urinary erythrocytes in patients with hematuria were observed phase-microscopically in an attempt to assess two aspects, namely, 1) how deformity and its ratio differ between glomerulonephritis (GN) and urological diseases and 2) whether there are characteristics of the deformity, particularly in IgA GN in which hematuria is a major sign, or not. Subjects were the fresh occasional urines collected from 52 cases of GN which histologic diagnosis was confirmed by renal biopsy (IgA GN 30 cases, non IgA GN 22 cases) and 55 cases of various urological diseases. The urines with urinary osmotic pressure less than 300 mOsm/l and more than 900 mOsm/l and urinary pH less than 4.0 and more than 8.0 were omitted from this study, because such urines produce deformity of erythrocytes by themselves alone. The urinary erythrocytes showed various deformity such as, (1) ring type, (2) confetti type, (3) twins type, (4) comma type, (5) helmet type, among which urological diseases showed mainly confetti type deformity alone it, present and GN exhibited deformity more than 2 kinds among 1-5 with deformity ratio (numbers of erythrocytes showing deformity in 100 erythrocytes) more than 70%. In IgA GN, many cases primarily showed ring type deformity. The deformity ratio was higher in the cases whose histological glomerular lesion was severe. From the above results, we were able to clarify two facts that 1) observation of deformity and its ratio of urinary erythrocytes is useful in screening the hematuria of glomerular disease and of urological diseases and 2) possibility of IgA GN is significantly high when ring type deformity is shown with high deformity ratio. Thus, it is concluded that phase-microscopic test on deformity and its ratio of urinary erythrocytes is very useful in making differential diagnosis in original diseases with hematuria.

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It is well known that angiotensin II (A II) acts on the central nervous system to stimulate drinking behavior. It has been shown recently that various opioid peptides and their receptors are present in the brain, and that a part of them is closely related to food and water intake. In the present study the water intake-stimulating effect of A II and a possible relation to central opioid peptides were investigated. Male Donryu rats, weighing 300 to 350g, were inserted with cannula into the ventricle. Forty-eight hours later, opioid peptides were administered into the ventricle through the cannula. Five minutes after administration of opioid peptides, A II was injected subcutaneously, and water intake and the latent time in initiation of water intake were examined during a period of 60 minutes. Effect of (D-Ala^2, D-Leu^5) enkephalinamide (DADL, δ-agonist), (D-Ala^2, N-Me-Phe^4, Gly^5-ol) enkephalin (DAGO, μ-agonist) and dynorphin (1-13) (Dynorphin (1-13), k-agonist) on the water intake and latent time in initiation of water drinking were studied following administration of 150pg/kg of A II. All drugs administered intracerebroventricularly were ranged in the doses between of 10ng and 100ng/5μl. The water intake was inhibited significantly (p<0.05) in the group receiving 100ng of DADL compared with the control group. In the groups receiving DAGO and Dynorphin (1-13), no significant difference was observed in the water intake irrespective of dose level. In the latent time in initiation of water drnking, a significant prolongation was observed in the group treated with 100ng of DADL as well as DAGO (p<0.05). Inhibition by DADL of water drinking induced by 37.5pg/kg or 150pg/kg of A II was also investigated. It was found that water intake was decreased dose-dependently (10, 100 and 1000ng) with a delay in the latent time in initiation of water drinking. In the next experiment, the rats were administered naloxone, an antagonist, subcutaneously or intracerebroventricularly, and then the water intake and latent time in initiation of water drinking were examined in the similar manner. The inhibitory effect of DADL on the water intake was antagonized clearly by naloxone. The latent time in initiation of water drinking was also restored to that observed after administration of A II alone. From these results, it was postulated that the central opioid peptide might inhibit the water intake-stimulating effect of A II by acting on δ-opioid receptor.

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A stroke volume (SV) imaging method based on gated cardiac blood pool scanning for quantitative evaluation of left-sided valvular regurgitation was devised, and results of this method was compared with those obtained by angiocardiograph or conventional variable ROI method, in 28 patients with left-sided valvular regurgitation and 17 normal controls. The severity of regurgitation was assessed according to the stroke count ratio (SC ratio=left ventricular stroke count/right ventricular stroke count). The SC ratio determined by SV imaging method was 1.27±0.19 (mean±S.D.) for the controls, 1.59±0.20 for grade I patients according to Sellers' classification, 2.05±0.21 for grade II patients, 2.82±0.73 for grade III patients, and 5.04±0.27 for grade IV patients, showing a good correlation (r=0.92) with the severity of regurgitation determined by invasive procedures. Although the results were similar to those of variable ROI method, SV imaging method was more sensitive and accurate. The reproducibility of variable ROI method tended to decrease in patients with severe regurgitation. SV imaging method allows easy quantitative evaluation of left-sided valvular regurgitation with high reproducibility and accuracy, and is considered to be of great clinical use.

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Recently, we experienced two cases of breast carcinoma in nursing women. Case 1-The patient was 25 years of age. The 1-breast five tumors in A, B, C, D area (Stage III b) were noted in the course of lactation, three months after labor. After the baby was weaned, a mastectomy was performed. A pathological diagnosis of solid-tubular carcinoma was given. The patient died of metastasis to the brain. Case 2-The patient was 32 years of age. Four months after labor, she noted a tumor in the D area of her right breast. Microcalcification in the tumor was displayed in the mammographic film. Mastectomy and oophorectomy were performed. Pathological diagnosis of papillotubular carcinoma was given. The patient lives three years after the operation. It is most important to diagnose exactly the tumor of the breast in nursing women.

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Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a slowly progressive degenerative disorder. There is no specific treatments, although antiparkinsonian drugs including L-DOPA have been tried. We have experienced a case of PSP who showed remarkable improvement in postural instability by administration of bromocriptine. A 49-year-old man with PSP was admitted to our hospital in December, 1985. The onset of this disease was in 1978. The initial symptom was bradykinesia noticed by frequent falling down on skiing. His bradykinesia worsened gradually. In 1983, double vision and micrographia appeared. He was treated with L-DOPA, but it was not effective. In 1984, blepharoptosis and tendency of falling down on walking appeared. At that time he was treated with L-threo-DOPS, but it was also not effective. On admission, he showed some typical symptoms such as postural instability, axial dystonic rigidity with extension of the neck, vertical gaze palsy, apraxia of lid opening, pseudobulbar palsy, pyramidal sign, urinary incontinence, mild dementia and akinesia. Administration of bromocriptine (initially 1.25 mg per day) was started. When its dosage reached 30mg per day, remarkable improvement in postural instability was recognized, but other symptoms were not changed. Among 24 cases of PSP in Japan, bromocriptine was used in only two cases including this one. Another case reportedly showed similar response to this drug. It is well known that bromocriptine is D_2 receptor stimulator. But, details of other pharmacologic actions are still unclear. From our experience in this case, it is recommended to administer bromocriptine to patients with PSP who show no response to L-DOPA, even if they are in advanced stages of this disease.

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