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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
Cover13-
Published: December 30, 2001
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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Satoshi TAKASHINO
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
369-376
Published: December 30, 2001
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The differentiation of renal tubules in developing rat kidney was investigated in order to examine the biogenesis of the kidney. ALPase, Mg^<2>-ATPase and Na^+-K^+-ATPase are thought to be associated with membrane transport of materials. Activities of these enzymes were therefore observed as an index of function in the tubules of fetal rats kidney, using enzyme histochemistry. From the 14th to 16th day of gestation, no activity was observed in the kidney of fetal rats for any of the enzymes. On the 17th day of gestation, activities of ALPase and Mg^<2>-ATPase were first observed in small numbers of proximal and distal tubules, respectively, in the juxtamedullary cortex of the kidney of some fetal rats. No activity of Na^+-K^+-ATPase was observed at this stage (Positive ratio: ALPase=8%, Mg^<2>-ATPase=11%, Na^+-K^+-ATPase=0%). The activity of Na^+-K^+-ATPase was first observed in a few distal and proximal tubules in the juxtamedullary cortex of the kidney of fetal rats on the 18th day of gestation (Positive ratio: ALPase=75%, Mg^<2>-ATPase=89%, Na^+-K^+-ATPase=44%). Enzyme positive tubules increased in number and enzyme intensity in the kidney with the maturation of the fetuses. By the 20th day of gestation, each enzyme was exhibiting activity in many proximal and/or distal tubules in the inner cortex and medulla of the kidney of all fetal rats (Positive ratio: ALPase=100%, Mg^<2>-ATPase=100%, Na^+-K^+-ATPase=100%). It was thought that the increased appearance of activity for each enzyme in the renal tubules by the 20th day of gestation was indicative of complete functional development. Therefore, the differentiation of renal tubules in rat kidney might be complete by the late gestational stage just before birth.
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Tsutomu KITAJIMA, Osamu NOYAMA, Tomohisa KATO, Witaya CHADBUNCHACHAI, ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
377-386
Published: December 30, 2001
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Demands for well-organized ambulance system are expanding in many developing countries, as traffic accident is a serious health issue today. We investigated the ambulance system in Khon Kaen Municipality that is considered as one of the leading systems in Thailand, for the purpose of exploring how ambulance system should be organized in developing countries in general, especially in Thailand. In Khon Kaen Municipality, Khon Kaen University Hospital, volunteer organizations, police station, and an educational institute under Ministry of Public Health, etc. cooperate to run the ambulance system including training, setting up a communication system, and transporting patients under the leadership of Khon Kaen Hospital. However, it was found that there was a substantial gap in quality of given pre-hospital care between ambulance officers of Khon Kaen Hospital and rescue workers of the volunteer organizations. It is essential for many developing countries to establish an ambulance system through intersectoral cooperation. To make this approach successful, it is necessary to diminish the gap by setting up appropriate training programs and by establishing information system on ambulance services.
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Toshihisa HOSHIAI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
387-395
Published: December 30, 2001
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Bioelectric impedance (IMP) was measured between the right and left arms by the tetrapolar method for natural cycle (study I) and during ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) (study II). In study I, IMP decreased for 3 days before ovulation and remained low during the luteal phase. In study II, a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis of five factors (IMP on luteal day 4 prior to the IVF cycle [IMP-L4], age, basal FSH, body height, and body mass index) revealed IMP-L4 alone was a significant predictor of achievement of pregnancy by IVF. IMP showed a nadir on the day of administration of hCG in the pregnant but not in the nonpregnant group. Rate of pregnancy was significantly higher in IVF cycles with IMP-L4≧600Ω than <600Ω (44% and 26% in 149 and 123 cycles, respectively). When IMP-L4 was ≧600Ω, pregnancy rates were constantly high irrespective of age and basal FSH. In prediction of nonpregnancy, sensitivity of IMP-L4 (0.52) was significantly higher than those of age and basal FSH (0.39 and 0.046, respectively). IMP, which is easy, noninvasive, and inexpensive, predicts female fertility more sensitively than age and basal FSH, probably reflecting angiogenic capacity of reproductive organs.
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Kazuyuki HATTORI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
397-407
Published: December 30, 2001
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The cause of thigh pain after cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unknown. In this study, clinical factors and findings obtained by diagnostic imaging were analyzed in 80 patients who underwent a total of 84 cementless total hip arthroplasties with an avarage postoperative period of 4 years. Proximal fitting (PF) and distal fitting (DF) stem were used. Thigh pain was experienced by 29.8% of the patients, and disappeared within 2 years of THA in 97.6% of these patients. The duration of thigh pain for patients with DF stem was longer than patients with PF stem. The FAI self-evaluation method was used for evaluating clinical factors. The results reveal that the level of physical activity was higher for patients who experienced thigh pain than for those who did not. However, this increase was not found to be statistically significant. Patients who repeatedly performed movements that consistenly resulted in the application of a mechanical load to the operated limb over a long period of time (local shopping, working outdoors over 15min) were more likely to experience thigh pain. On the other hand, the incidence of rarely performed movements that only transiently applied a mechanical load was significantly higher for patients who did not experience thigh pain. It was concluded that suggesting the involvement of the time elements of mechanical loads. From the viewpoint of diagnostic imaging, thigh pain was not seen in patients in whom the proximal stem region was fixed early, but was seen at a significantly high rate in patients with distal femoral sclerosis, suggesting the involvement of micro-movements. Therefore, to prevent thigh pain, it is important to provide appropriate guidance for daily living activities for the first 2 years after surgery, with a particular emphasis on mechanical loads. Also, it is important to use stems that can be fixed to the proximal region of the femur in the early stage.
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Izumi HIRATA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
409-415
Published: December 30, 2001
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The effect of chemical embolus therapy combined with hyperthermia was studied for the treatment of experimental malignant bone tumors in rabbits. Bone tumors were induced by transplanting VX2 tumor cells in suspension into the marrow of the distal femur. The rabbits were allocated to eight groups: a: untreated control, b: gelatin sponge embolus, c: coarse crystal CDDP embolus, d: hyperthermia, e: hyperthermia followed by gelatin sponge embolus, f: gelatin sponge embolus followed by hyperthermia, g: hyperthermia followed by coarse crystal CDDP embolus, h: coarse crystal CDDP embolus followed by hyperthermia. Animals in the eight groups were sacrificed and local antitumor effects and the inhibition of pulmonary metastasis was evaluated and compared. The results showed that local antitumor effects and inhibition of pulmonary metastasis, as evaluated by all parameters, were significantly greater for Group (h) receiving the "coarse crystal CDDP embolus followed by hyperthermia" therapy. The synergistic effect of the combination of hyperthermia and chemical embolus therapy was demonstrated.
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Akihiro SUGAWARA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
417-425
Published: December 30, 2001
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The mechanisms by which the bromocriptine-rebound (BR) method improves the pregnancy rates after in vitro fertilization (IVF) were analyzed. The long protocol of the gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and hunan menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) regimen was used in the initial IVF. When repeated IVF was unsuccessful, the BR method or the long protocol was used. The BR method is similar to the long protocol, except that bromocriptine is administered for a month before hMG stimulation. Mean prolactin (PRL) concentrations during hMG stimulation in the initial long protocol were significantly higher in nonpregnant cycles than in pregnant cycles, and in repeated IVF they were significantly higher with the BR method than the long protocol. The numbers of embryos, superior embryos and pregnancy rates after repeated IVF were significantly higher with the BR method than with the long protocol. Women refractory to the long protocol may have follicular hyporesponsiveness to PRL, resulting in impaired oocyte maturation and a compensatory increase in serum PRL concentrations. The BR method probably improves oocyte maturation by compensatory restoration of the follicular hyporesponsiveness to PRL and by a rebound increase of serum PRL. The circadian rhythms of serum PRL before oocyte retrieval were significantly different in pregnant and nonpregnant cycles. The BR method significantly improved the circadian rhythm of serum PRL. The BR method also significantly enhanced implantation rates, independently of its beneficial effects on oocyte maturation.
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Ken YOSHIHARA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
427-437
Published: December 30, 2001
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Clinical and pathological significance of anti-nucleosome (NS) antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was studied. Fifty-four patients with SLE and 40 patients suffering of other various collagen-related disorders participated in this study. The anti-NS and anti-dsDNA antibodies were assayed quantatively by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The specificity as well as the sensitivity of anti-NS antibody were significantly higher compared with those of anti-dsDNA antibody. Significant positive correlation was observed between the levels of anti-NS antibody and the intensity of the disease process in SLE patients. In patients with lupus nephritis, positive rate of anti-NS antibodies was higher than that of anti-dsDNA antibodies. The histopathological examination revealed the presence of both anti-NS and anti-dsDNA antibodies in 92.9% of patients with type IV (WHO classification) lupus nephritis. In patients with type V lupus nephritis, only the anti-NS antibody was present in 66.7% of cases tested. In conclusion the assay for anti-NS antibody is very useful for the diagnosis and the evaluation of the activity of a disease state in patients with lupus nephritis. It is also a great interest to indicate that anti-NS antibody may play a role in the pathogenesis of the type V lupus nephritis.
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
439-
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
442-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
443-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
444-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], Witaya Chadbunchachai, We ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
445-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
446-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
447-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
448-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
449-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
450-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
451-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
452-453
Published: December 30, 2001
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
453-454
Published: December 30, 2001
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
454-455
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
457-458
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
458-459
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
459-460
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
460-461
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
461-462
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
462-463
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
463-464
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
464-465
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
465-466
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
467-
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
470-471
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
471-472
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
472-473
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
474-475
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
475-476
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
476-477
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
477-478
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
478-479
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
480-481
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
481-482
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
482-483
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2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
483-484
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
484-485
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages
485-486
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