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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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Published: March 30, 2002
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Article type: Cover
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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Minoru MATSUDA, Hisaki FUKUSHIMA, Hirotsugu ISAKA, Ikuya SANTOU, Hideo ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
2-6
Published: March 30, 2002
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This study was designed to define the clinical significance of tumor size in patients with breast cancer. The tumor sizes were divided into six groups according to greatest dimension. The relationship among the six groups in tumor size, lymph node metastasis (n), prognosis and other clinicopathological factors were studied to assess the usefulness of this variable for predicting prognosis. The study group comprised 309 patients (308 women, 1 man) who underwent surgery for primary breast cancer at our department and in whom tumor size and prognosis could be ascertained. Tumor size was classified into six groups at 1 cm intervals and the groups were compared in relation to age, surgical procedure, histological type, lymph node metastasis and prognosis (5-year and 10-year survival rates, Kaplan-Meier method). We found that tumor size influenced surgical procedures and that tumor size was also related to lymph node metastasis and prognosis, demonstrating the importance of this factor. It was thought that reduced lymph node dissection was feasible in patients with tumors measuring 1 cm or less, and that detection of tumors at this stage was concluded to be highly effective for improvement in prognosis in patients with breast cancer.
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Hiroshi WATANABE
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
7-15
Published: March 30, 2002
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The effects of inhaled steroid and intravenous steroid administration on attenuation of ventilator induced lung injury using saline-lavaged rabbit lung model were studied. The PaO_2 values after 4 hours of ventilation was significantly higher in steroid (IV.) (1h) group compared with steroid (inhalation) group and control group. Cell counts of lavage fluid collected after four hours of ventilation in steroid (I.V.) (1h) group and steroid (inhalation) group were less than control group, but there was no statistic significance among four groups. Concentration of thromboxane B_2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F_<1α> in lavage fluid of steroid (I.V.) (1h) group was lower than that of control group. Concentration of thromboxane B_2 in lavage fluid of steroid (inhalation) group was lower than that of control group. Though TNF-cc in steroid (inhalation) group was lower than other groups, there was no significant difference among four groups. Microscopic examination revealed hyaline membrane formation and bleeding in control group, but not in steroid (inhalation) group and both steroid (IV.) groups. Steroid administration can partially reduce the influx of leukocytes into alveoli and also the release of cytokines and mediators, and steroid therapy has a possibility to prevent ventilator induced lung injury partially, not totally.
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Rika NAKATA, Satoshi NOZAKI, Hiroshi MIZUMA, Satoshi TAKASHINO, Hirohi ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
16-22
Published: March 30, 2002
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It is generally known that amino acids imbalance, caused by amino acid metabolic disorders, leads to brain dysfunction. Our previous studies have found abnormal glutamic acid levels in autistic patient's urine samples. Therefore, we examined the effects of high concentrations status of glutamic acid in amniotic fluid on amino acid concentrations in fetal and neonatal rat's brain. The results are as follow :(1)3 hours after glutamic acid administration, the amino acids concentrations in the brain have already changed, and :(2)fetal 20th day and postnatal 0 day, other amino acids, also, significantly changed. Particularly, tyrosine and tryptophan were found to decrease 24 hours after birth. These results suggested that amino acids balance in the brain, once lost, cannot be recovered easily, and that the changes in amino acids concentrations affect the important amino acid for the development of monoaminergic neurons.
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Li Xiu HUA
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
23-32
Published: March 30, 2002
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Using clinical isolates of Legionella pneumophila and those isolated from the environment, their optimum temperature range for growth, heat resistance, and susceptibility to disinfectants were investigated to ascertain if there was any difference in the factors enhancing their transmission. In addition, experimental animals (mice) were used to find wthether the state of host resistance affects the transmission or development of the disease. It was found that the temperature at which the bacteria failed to grow was below 20℃ or above 39℃, with no outstanding difference between the clinical isolates and those isolated from the environment. The optimum temperature range was 31.3 to 32.0℃. The Legionella pneumophila has been cultured at 35℃ but the present test indicated that a temperature range of 31 to 32℃ is optimum. At a heat treatment at 60℃ for 5 minutes all test strains survived, while only 9 of the 13 strains survived the treatment that lasted for 10 minutes. When treated at 65℃ for 5 minutes, 2 of the 13 strains survived, however, no strain survived the treatment that lasted for 10 minutes. The clinical isolates were only slightly more resistant to heat than the environmental isolates. The minimum killing concentration (MKC) was found for each disinfectant at concentrations below the level at which each agent is normally used. Sodium hypochlorite exhibited the lowest MKC, followed by povidone-iodine, glutaral, and benzalkonium chloride, in ascending order. For all disinfectants, the duration of application was inversely to the MKC. None of the strains exhibited resistance to these disinfectants. Compared with normal mice, anti-mouse potency expressed as a 50% lethal dosage (LD_<50>) was smaller in the cyclophosphamide- or hydrocortisone-treated mice. No significant differrence was noted between the clinical and the environmental isolates.
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Hiromi OHTA, Junko OWAKI, Yoshimi HASHIMOTO, Nobuo ISHIGAKi
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
33-42
Published: March 30, 2002
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A study was conducted to analyze the patient-perceived quality of hospital ambulatory service and its relationship to patient satisfaction and intention to continue using the service. We administered an anonymous questionnaire survey to 423 parents of children with chronic illness attending the outpatient clinic of a medical school hospital in Tokyo. Parent satisfaction and intention to continue service utilization were each assessed, both for physicians and for the hospital. The results indicated that parent assessment of "physicians competence and explanations", "physicians warmth and commitment" and "reputation of hospital and physicians" were important determinants of parent satisfaction and intention to continue using the pediatric outpatient clinic at this hospital.
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Article type: Appendix
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
46-47
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
49-50
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
50-51
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
51-52
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
52-53
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
53-54
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
55-56
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
56-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
56-57
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
57-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
57-58
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
58-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
58-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
59-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
59-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
59-60
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
60-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
60-61
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
61-62
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
63-64
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
64-65
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], Yukihiko Nose
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
65-
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Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
65-66
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
66-
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
Article type: Article
2002 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages
67-
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