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Volume 42 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 123-
- Issue 3 Pages 97-
- Issue 2 Pages 39-
- Issue 1 Pages 2-
Volume 42, Issue 3
Displaying 1-3 of 3 articles from this issue
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Metabolism and disposition of the isoflavone conjugated metabolitesKazuo Ishii, Kaori Hosoda, Takashi FurutaArticle type: mnscrpttype01
2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 97-105
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of isoflavones in the prevention of several hormone-dependent cancers and osteoporosis are of great interest. Despite many pharmacokinetic studies of the isoflavones, the biologically active and excreted forms are all still ill-defined because, in general, conjugated compounds in biological fluids have been evaluated by measuring the free aglycones obtained after selective enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, we identified daidzein (Dein), genistein (Gein) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and their conjugates in plasma. Furthermore, we have developed a high-performance liquid chromato-graphy-UV (HPLC-UV) method for the determination of intact 16 metabolites of Dein and Gein in plasma and urine. The developed HPLC-UV method was applied to investigate of the metabolism and disposition of the isoflavone conjugated metabolites after ingestion of kinako by a volunteer. Our findings suggest that Dein-7-glucuronide-4’-sulfate, Gein-7-glucuronide-4’-sulfate and Gein-4’,7-diglucuronide could be the key compounds responsible for pharmacological and medicinal properties of isoflavones, and that desulfation or deglucuronidation of the conjugated metabolites during renal excretion is possible. In this review, we summarize the results of our recent investigations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1039K) -
Rumi Hasegawa, Shigeru Takami, Akira ShiotaArticle type: mnscrpttype01
2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 107-115
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is known that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has various effects on the nervous system during the developmental and maturational stages. Although conventional experimental biological techniques, for example, the administration or inhibition of BDNF, has been used to elucidate the modes of action of BDNF, and genetic engineering (GE) which made dramatic advances from the 1980’s onward has thus made it possible to obtain a better understanding of the function of the molecule. In this review, we describe the major findings uncovered using BDNF overexpressing (BDNF-OvEx) animals, and those determined by the use of the BDNF-OvEx rats that we raised, and by the overexpression of BDNF in mature olfactory receptor cells. In addition, we will introduce studies using the injection techniques for BDNF-expressing vectors. These findings have provided us with a deeper knowledge about the various functions of BDNF, such as target-derived and presynaptic cell-derived BDNF. These animals have been developed using genetic modification techniques that were the products of the development of GE.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Toshiko AisoArticle type: mnscrpttype01
2011 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 117-121
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEscherichia coli are highly resistant to acid. They are known to possess four acid resistance (AR) systems, AR1 to AR4. The most efficient of them is AR2, the glutamate-dependent AR (GDAR) system. GadE is a central activator of the GDAR. The transcription of gadE is modulated by at least nine regulatory factors: EvgA, YdeO, GadE, TorR, Hns, PhoP, TrmE, GadX, and GadW. They help ensure acid resistance in diverse environments. In addition, an antisense RNA has been suggested to participate in a post-transcriptional step or in the translation of gadE. The expression of GadE is also regulated at the protein degradation step. It disappears rapidly after the shift back to a neutral pH. The gadE forms an operon with mdtEF in a multidrug efflux transport system, and the operon is regulated by the EvgA-EvgS two-component signal transduction system. EvgA positively regulates another multidrug efflux transport system, emrKY. These indicate that acid resistance and multidrug resistance are under the control of a common signal transduction system. Acid resistance has been recently reported to be induced by the addition of indole, and that gadAB expression was modulated by LuxS. These findings imply that acid resistance and multidrug resistance are both regulated via quorum sensing.View full abstractDownload PDF (251K)
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