This study aims to differentiate hip-hop from other forms of dance by analyzing the manner in which it expresses three emotions ( joy, sadness, and anger ) and explaining its distinctive features using three-dimensional motion analysis. Ten dancers ( 5males and 5females, age: 26.9 ± 12.8 yr, dance career: 4.6 ± 6.2 yr ) participated in the experiment. We analyzed the hip-hop dance step known as the New Jack Swing, dividing each frame into eight stages based on four movement situations ( Phase ) and four posture situations ( Event ). We conducted a discriminant analysis and calculated the differences between the motion feature values of the highest original distinction rate by establishing 34 variables related to time and space as predictor variables. Our results reveal the following three findings: 1) As a result of the discriminant analysis, emotions were correctly classified, mainly in the last four stages. The highest original distinction rate was found to be 63.3% for the “punch” movement ( Phase4 ). 2) As a result of differences between motion feature values in Phase 4，significant effects were found in 13 speed variables and 6 spatial variables. 3) With regard to the characteristic punching movement ( used to express all three emotions ), the speed of the upper and lower right and left arms (4 variables ) and right and left legs ( 5 variables ) was significantly faster when the dancers were expressing joy than sadness. When the dancers were expressing anger, significant differences were found in speed involving the left shoulder, the distance between the right and left elbows, and the angle of the right ankle. The highest significant value in comparison with joy was expressed through the angle of right elbow in sadness. Based on these results, we concluded that it is possible to express emotion through hip-hop dance steps; in the case of the New Jack Swing, emotional expression is mainly related to the punch movement.

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BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk, there are few reports whether non-locomotive physical activity, locomotive physical activity related to metabolic syndrome risks factors. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether non‐ locomotive physical activity, locomotive physical activity, and physical inactivity time associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in middle-aged and older men and women. METHODS: Healthy Japanese, middle-aged and older men ( n=19 ) and women ( n=17 ) were participated in this study. Metabolic syndrome risk factors and physical fitness level were measured in the laboratory. Measurements of physical fitness included body height, body weight and abdominal girth were measured in all subjects. Fasting blood samples were taken at the early morning. The non-locomotive physical activity, locomotive physical activity and physical inactivity time were determined by a tri-axial accelerometer. RESULTS: Light intensity non‐ locomotive physical activity was negatively correlated with Hba1c in middle-aged and older men. In addition, there was no significant collation between physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk in middle-aged and older women. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the increase of non-locomotive physical activity may have a positive influence on prevention of risk for incident diabetes in middle-aged and older men.

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The purpose of this study is the proposal of corresponding to the martial arts compulsory junior high school “judo teaching program”. First, the teacher was the lesson of judo in 2012, we have interviews. Second, it classifies the interview to achievements and problems, we have five proposals for evaluation and for teaching safely. Finally we have distributed the “judo teaching program revision” in Kyoto and Shiga Prefecture of junior high school.

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