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Masaaki NAKANO, Mabito IWASAKI, Akira SHINKAI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
1-3
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Seedlings of 28 Japanese rice cultivars were all susceptible to rice ragged stunt disease. The symptoms observed were almost the same as those reported for TN1 except for occasional appearance of necrosis on a leaf of some cultivars. Remarkable differences were observed in the degree of stunting among the tested cultivars. In pot experiments, culm lengths of diseased plants were about 43% for Nipponbare and 81% for Reiho respectively of those of healthy ones. Cultivar Nipponbare inoculated at the 4th and 7th leaf stage showed typical symptoms, whereas those inoculated at the 10th and 12th leaf stage had no clear symptoms. Because of the absence of the productive culms, no yield was obtained from plants inoculated at 4th or 7th leaf stage. Inoculation at 10th leaf stage resulted in a 20% yield loss, mainly due to a decrease in percentage of ripened grains.
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Mabito IWASAKI, Masaaki NAKANO, Akira SHINKAI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
4-6
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Rice plants, cvs. Mizuho and Reiho, were inoculated with grassy stunt virus at two tillering stages. The infective plants were tested periodically after inoculation on their value as a virus source using Nilaparvata lugens. The rates of transmission on Mizuho inoculated at the initial tillering stage were 0, 9, 34, 43, and 49% at 7-9, 13-15, 20-22, 27-29, and 34-36 days after inoculation, respectively. On Reiho, the rates were 1, 10, and 22% for the first three post inoculation periods, but no further tests were conducted due to the death of infected plants. When inoculated at the maximum tiller number stage, the rates were 1 and 9% on Mizuho and 1 and 5% on Reiho respectively at 16-18 and 29-31 days after inoculation.
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Hideaki MICHIZOE, Hideo TAKAGI, Sadao KIMURA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
6-8
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Shizuo MOGI, Hideki NAITO, Seiya TSUSHIMA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
9-11
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tomio TAKASAKI, Masahiro YAMANAKA, Satamasa YOKOYAMA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
12-14
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Toshihide SUGIOKA, Katsumi KUMAMOTO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
14-17
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Hideki NAITO, Seiya TSUSHIMA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
17-19
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Leaves of rice variety Aichiasahi were previously inoculated with virulent race 003 or 303 of rice blast fungus and those of Kanto 51 were inoculated with virulent race 031. Leaves of Ragi (finger millet) were previously inoculated with virulent ragi blast fungus. After development of lesions, the infected leaves of Aichiasahi, Kanto 51 and Ragi were reinoculated with avirulent race 031, 003 and 001 of rice blast fungus respectively. A few conidia of avirulent challenge races 031, 003 or 001 were produced on lesions of Aichiasahi, Kanto 51 and Ragi leaves 7 or 10 days after reinoculation.
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Takashi HIROOKA, Yukio MIYAGI, Fujio ARAKI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
19-21
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Masamiti KAN, Masafumi MATSUZAKI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
21-24
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Masaru OKADA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
24-26
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Southern blights of summer barley and wheat caused by Sclerotium rolfsii have been observed in the experimental field of Miyazaki Agricultural Experiment Station since 1980. The die back of affected plants starts from the lower leaves and extends to the upper ones, eventually leading to blight of whole plants. No highly resistant variety has so far been found. The results of green house and field experiments suggested that a few fungicides, for example, hymexazol (3-hydroxy-5-methlisoxazole), are effective for the control of the disease.
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Mari OTOFUJI, Hiroshi IKEDA, Daizaburo YOSHIMURA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
26-29
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Conidia were formed on diseased cotyledones, most of which abscissed earlier than the healthy ones. In the field, conidia were formed only after abscission. Although no purple stain was observed on beans harvested before maturation, infection of seeds was found to have already occured at the leaf yellowing stage. Seed disinfection by Benlate-T and Homai prevented the occurrence of disease on the cotyledons. Application of Topsin-M or Benlate, during the growth period, was effective in suppressing the disease of beans. Fungicides were most effective when applied at the initial stage of bean thickening.
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Soichi SAKAGUCHI, Toshinori SHINSU
1981 Volume 27 Pages
29-32
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Takeo MIURA, Hitoshi KAWAGOE
1981 Volume 27 Pages
32-34
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Nobuya TASHIRO, Takanori MATSUO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
35-37
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Wataru HASAMA, Tsutomu TOMIKU, Shunji SATO, Yasuyuki ETO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
37-40
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Sukio MATSUDA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
40-42
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kinji TANAKA, Fukuji NONAKA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
42-44
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Rhizoctonia solani was isolated with high frequency from bulbs of damping-off seedlings of onion cultured on nursery beds in Shiroishi and Fukudomi, Saga prefecture, in October of 1980. By artificial inoculation, onion, pea and cucumber were found to be susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani while wheat was not. On the basis of the pathogenicity test and type of anastomosis, these isolates were considered to be identical with Rhizoctonia solani: culture type III-A.
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Sumito TANAKA, Toshinobu NAKAMURA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
44-45
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tsutomu TOMIKU
1981 Volume 27 Pages
46-48
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Toshinobu NAKAMURA, Sumito TANAKA, Katsumi KUMAMOTO, Toshihide SUGIOKA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
48-49
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kouji SHITABORI, Fukuji NONAKA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
50-53
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Recently white rust of chrysanthemum caused by Puccinia horiana Henning became prevalent in those cultured under night illumination in vinyl house, in the Yame area of Fukuoka prefecture. The casual fungus produces both teliospores and sporidia on infected leaves. The optimum temperatures for germination of teliospores and sporidia were 18-28C and 13-18C, respectively. Two fungicides, ambam and piperazine, effectively inhibited sporidia germination of all isolates of the fungus while oxycarboxine was not effective against some isolates, suggesting that an oxycarboxine-tolerant strain might have developed among isolates collected from the Yame area.
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Akira KISO, Yoshiki HIRATA, Yoshikuni NOMURA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
53-55
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Takahiko OTA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
55-57
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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(2) Endurance of fungicide against rainfall
Kimio ONO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
57-60
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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(3) Assessment of damages due to diseases and pests
Shigeru YAMAMOTO, Taka-haru ISODA, Hirotugu KIYOTA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
60-62
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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(1) Use of inorganic copper
Masateru NAGAHAMA, Tamotsu KIKU, Michiaki KOHNO, Takeo TSUCHIMOCHI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
62-64
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Mituo NAKASHIMA, Nagao WATANABE, Akira ONO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
65-67
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Akira MORITA, Isao KISINO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
67-68
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Akira MORITA, Tadayuki IWASA, Tosikatu NISINO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
68-70
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tadatora OKADA, Jutaro HIRAO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
71-73
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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During 1966-1975, 38 species of delphacid planthopper including 1 unidentified species in 26 genera were caught by the standard light trap, 60W bow-frosted bulb with double filament, operated in rice fields at Chikugo, Fukuoka. The average number of individuals of the delphacids per year ranged from 0. 1 to 6, 216 for the various species. Among the species, 92.9 % of the catch was composed of 10 species, including 3 rice planthoppers: Nilaparvata lugens 23.0 % (top), Sogatella furcifera 10.4 %, and Laodelphax striatellus 3.7 %, while in 8 species there were only a few individuals during the 10-year period. Among the species indigenous to wild grasses, Harmalia albicollis ranked first, accounting for 20.3 %, followed by Saccharosydne procerus 10.7 %. In addition, 6 species in 3 genera were recorded only by a sweep net.
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Saburo FUKAMACHI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
73-78
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tokio IMBE
1981 Volume 27 Pages
78-80
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Using sticky board method, 16 rice varieties were tested in small-plot trials (50 hills/plot: 3 replications) in the paddy field under the natural condition. A number of green rice leafhoppers (GLH) collected on a board from 20 hills for each plot was evaluated. Large numbers of GLH nymphs were counted on varieties "Reiho" and "Nipponbare", that are susceptible to GLH. But small numbers of nymphs were counted on resistant varieties. This difference in the population density was significant and it was most clear at nymphal peaks. The distribution of adults in the field showed similar to that of nymphs, but not so clear. This method was considered to be useful for the field screening with varietal resistance to GLH.
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Shingo OYA, Jutaro HIRAO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
81-85
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Japonica rice parental lines, i.e., Kanto PL 1, 2, and 4, bred from highly resistant Mudgo, were tested for their mechanism of resistance to the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens STÀL. The nymphs caged on the resistant parental lines at the early tillering stage suffered neither high mortality nor low rate of adult emergence, but had a slightly slower rate of growth than those on susceptible Asominori. The longevity of adult females was similar between the parental lines and the susceptible variety, but the fecundity on the parental lines was reduced to about one-third. The parental lines were less preferred by the adult females both in the laboratory and in the field. When exposed to a high density of planthoppers, the parental lines had a stronger tolerance to injury than the susceptible variety, but were definitely weak as compared with resistant Mudgo. In the paddy field, the population density of the planthopper in each generation was distinctly kept low throughout on the parental lines, while hopperburn occurred in the susceptible variety. It seems that the effect of resistance on the decrease in the population density of the parental lines was due to factors such as non-preference and to some extent to antibiosis.
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Takashi NOGAMI, Yoshihiro KITAUCHI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
85-87
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Shozo ENDO, Takeo MASUDA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
87-89
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Toxicity of 4 insecticides to the rice leaf roller larvae was evaluated by applying the leaf dipping method, and changes in the concentration of these insecticides in rice plants treated by the bell-jar dusting method were determined. LC
50 values for chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethylvinphos, tetrachlorvinphos and cartap in 1st instar larvae were 0.38, 2.0, 6.2 and 0.60 ppm, and those in 5th instar larvae were 5.5, 12.5, 19. 8 and 4.1 ppm, respectively. Initial concentrations of chlorpyrifosmethyl, dimethylvinphos, tetrachlorvin-phos and cartap in the leaf blade were 14, 29, 39 and 2.6 ppm, respectively. Concentration of chlorpyrifosmethyl in the leaf blade showed the most rapid decrease whereas that of cartap showed the slowest decrease. Persistence of LC
50 levels in the leaf blade of 1st and 5th instar larvae was 1.6 and 0.4 days for chlorpyrifosmethyl, 2.3 and 0.8 days for dimethylvinphos, 2.1 and 0.8 days for tetrachlorvinphos, 5.4 and 0 day for cartap. From these results, timing for the control of the rice leaf roller was estimated to be 9-12 days after the peak of adult occurrence for chlorpyrifosmethyl, dimethylvinphos and tetrachlorvinphos, and 6 days after the peak of adult occurrence for cartap.
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Nobuyoshi ISHIBASHI, Seishi ITOH
1981 Volume 27 Pages
90-93
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The three-times application of herbicide benthiocarb through the rice growing period was investigated on fauna in the soil and flooded water in the rice paddies. Nematodes in soil: There were no significant differences in the total number of individuals collected between the treated and control. However, herbicide application gave rise to an increase in plant-parasitic, fungivorous, and bacteriophagous nematodes with conspicuous decrease in predacious ones of which habitat was mainly aerobic layer. Aquatic animals in flooded water in paddy field: Shortly after the benthiocarb treatment, midges, tadpoles, pond snails, water fleas, dragonfly nymphs, and mosquito larvae were drastically decreased. However, midges, mosquito larvae, and algaephagous water fleas (Bran-chiopoda, Moina sp.) multiplied rapidly to exceed each population size in non-treated control, corresponding to the conspicuous retardation of recovering population sizes of predators such as hydrophilids, dragonfly nymphs and Copepoda.
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Ryo ARAKAWA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
94-96
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Functional response of Encarsia forniosa GAHAN was examined at 25°C. First, second, third and fourth instar larvae of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD) were prepared. The larvae at each instar were divided into seven groups of densities; 1, 2, 4, 9, 16, 25 and 36 individuals per Petri dish, 6 cm in diameter. Each group was exposed for 3 hours to a female of E. Formosa which was 2-4 days old and had not experienced oviposition. The number of hosts parasitized and killed by host-feeding was calculated. The functional response curve in each instar host showed a saturated type. The theoretical maximum number of hosts parasitized was between 10 and 14 individuals and did not vary with the host larval instars. The theoretical maximum number of hosts killed by host-feeding was 10 in the first instar hosts and the value decreased in the older hosts. It was suggested that in the younger hosts the mortality by host-feeding was higher than that by parasitization. On the other hand in the older hosts the opposite relation would be observed.
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Toshio YOSHIHARA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
96-98
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Eiichi YAMAMOTO, Kiyofumi NAGAI, Kouji NONAKA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
98-99
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kiyofumi NAGAI, Kouji NONAKA, Ei-ichi YAMAMOTO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
100-101
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kyoyo ABE, Kazuma HYAKUTAKE
1981 Volume 27 Pages
102-103
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kazuma HYAKUTAKE, Hanzo TSURU, Kyoyo ABE, Kazuo MIYAHARA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
104-105
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Susumu MAKINO, Tadae KAMI, Taturo MUTA, Kohjin NAKAGAWA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
106-108
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Hirata INOUE
1981 Volume 27 Pages
109-111
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Two species of aphids, Aulacorthuna solani and Aphis gossypii were observed as predominant species from May to June on soybean plants sown as a summer crop in April 1980. The former was more abundant than the latter. Another species, Aphis glycines was more abundant than the other two species mentioned above from mid-August to early September on the fall crop sown in July, but among these species A. solani showed the highest population density in October.
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Makoto TABARU, Kiyofumi NAGAI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
111-113
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Junichi YUKAWA, Souichi OHSAKO, Hiroshi IKENAGA
1981 Volume 27 Pages
113-115
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Some aspects of the life history and host plant range of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia sp. still remain unclear, in particular with regard to the host plants of the overwintering generation which have not yet been detected. Recent investigations (YUKAWA, 1980; OHSAKO et al., 1980) indicated the possibility that the species might have an unusually wide host range. In order to obtain indirect evidence to support this hypothesis, the parasite complex of the soybean pod gall midge was compared in this report with that of closely related species of the genus Asphondylia. Among four known parasite species associated with the soybean pod gall midge, the endoparasite, Pseudo-catolaccus sayatanzabae ISHII and the ectoparasite, Philornacroploea pleuralis (ASHMEAD) (presumably identical with Ipobracon scurra FISCHER) were found to attack other Asphondylia species inhabiting wild host plants. Tetrastichus sayatanzabae ISHII and Pseudocatolaccus tamabae ISHII were, however, not reared from the wild hosts. Eurytoma sp. emerged from midge galls on all the host plants except soybean. Thus, the parasite complex of the Japanese Asphondylia species is characterized by having, at least, three common species, P. sayatarnabae, Eurytoma sp. and P. pleuralis. According to ASKEW (1975), the parasites of an endophytic host can be divided into two groups with differrent parasitic strategies; early parasites are usually specific endoparasites, and late parasites are polyphagous ectoparasites. Following ASKEW'S hypothesis, the presence of such an early specific endoparasite as P. sayatamabae in the complex is considered to give indirect evidence supporting the assumption that the soybean pod gall midge may be identical with some other Asphondylia species and may have an unusually wide host range.
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Souichi OHSAKO, Junichi YUKAWA, Masatoshi HORIKIRI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
116-119
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Studies on the life history and host plant range of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia sp. KANZAWA (1918) have been associated with surveys of the field population of the closely related species, Asphondylia sphaera MONZEN(1937), which produces fruit galls on Ligustrum species, for several years at various places in Kagoshima City and its vicinity. Females of A. sphaera lay eggs inside the host flower buds, flowers or young fruits in May and June. The first instar larvae pass the summer, autumn and winter in the galls and pursue their development in the following spring. Pupation takes place from early to late April. Thus, this species has been considered to be univoltine, and only a few of the first instar larvae have been found to develop into further stages, even to adults, following egg hatch in the early summer. Their future development or contribution to the next generation has not been clarified yet (YUKAWA & MIYAMOTO, 1979). However, the examination of the various stages of A. sphaera by dissecting fruit galls on Ligustrum japonicum THUNB. collected from several localities in Kagoshima Prefecture enabled to demonstrate that the development of the first instar larvae into adults during the early summer could be frequently and widely observed in the Prefecture. A large majority of the females which emerged in this season naturally laid eggs inside the young fruits of L. japonicum, and the first instar larvae hatched from the eggs passed the summer together with univoltine larvae of the population. However, the possibility that the rest of the females may have emigrated from Ligustrum to different habitats in search of other available hosts, including leguminous plants such as soybeans could not be ruled out.
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Nozomu FUJIYOSHI, Masaharu NODA, Hisao SAKAI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
119-121
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Matsumuraeses falcana WALSINGHAM, which is an important pest of soybean, was reared on a simple artificial diet consisting mainly of the diet for pregnant rabbit, kidney beans and water. Rearing was carried out at a temperature of 23°C with 16 hr illumination. The rate of pupation and adult emergence was higher than 55% and 50%, respectively. The period from egg laying to adult emergence was 30-40 days. Eighty or ninety grams of the diet could produce about 90 pupae. The laboratory culture has been maintained continuously for more than 5 generations.
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Masaharu NODA, Nozomu FUJIYOSHI, Hisao SAKAI
1981 Volume 27 Pages
121-123
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Nobuyoshi ISHIBASHI, Hajime SAKOMA, Sumio TOJO
1981 Volume 27 Pages
124-126
Published: October 30, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The 24 hr exposure of tobacco cutworm 5th instar larvae (L
5S) to 200 infective JIIIS of DD-136 per L
5 gave 100 % killing at 25 and 30°C within 2 days, 90 and 75 % at 20 and 15°C respectively after 5 days. Multiplication of DD-136 in the insect cadavers was the largest at 25°C, followed by the order of 20>30>15°C. Control of L
5s on soybean or cabbage plants growing in pots containing sterilized soil was carried out by foliage or ground spray of 10, 000 J
IIIs per pot. Water spray on foliage was the least effective, but it gave a higher mortality (84 %) when the relative humidity was 87 % than when R. H. 72 % (mortality 76 %). Glycerine 10 % solution and spreader spray on foliage gave relatively better results. The best results were obtained from ground spray throughout the experiments including field trial. Although the ground spray did not give a hundred percent of killing 5 days after the application, there was no adult emergence thereafter. All larval and pupal cadavers obtained from ground spray had multiplied DD-136.
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