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Sadao KIMURA, Yoshio OGAWA, Katsumi KATAYAMA, Kimio ONO, Yasuhisa NAGA ...
1986 Volume 32 Pages
1-4
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Saburo FUKAMACHI, Haruki MURANAGA, Manabu HORIMOTO, Saburo HIGO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
5-7
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Akira SHINKAI, Tomio USUGI, Masaaki NAKANO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
8-10
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Shizuo MOGI, Seiya TSUSHIMA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
11-13
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Seiya TSUSHIMA, Shizuo MOGI, Hatsuo SAITO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
14-16
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tokio IMBE, Seiya TSUSHIMA, Hisashi NISHIYAMA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
17-19
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Katsumi KATAYAMA, Sadao KIMURA, Hide SAWAHATA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
20-23
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Integrated control of bacterial wilt of potatoes was successfully achieved in the fall cropping in Nagasaki, Japan. Three methods were combined; soil fumigation by application of chloropicrin, use of the relatively resistant cultivar Meihou, and late planting to aviod higher temperatures in the planting season. The incidence of bacterial wilt in Meihou which was planted in mid-September after fumigation of chlorpicrin at a dose of 20
l /10a was lower than that of the susceptible cultivar, Dejima planted in early September after fumigation of chlorpicrin at a dose of 30
l /10a. It appears that integrated control enabled to reduce the dosage of chlorpicrin from 30
l /10a to 20
l /10a in severely infested fields.
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Nobuya TASHIRO, Yoshimitsu MATSUO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
24-27
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tests carried out over a period of 5 years indicated the existence of tuber-borne infection in common scab of potatoes. When seed tubers in which more than 6% of the surface area was affected with scab were planted, the scab incidence in the progeny tu-bers was very high. When seed tubers in which less than 5% of the surface area was affected with scab were planted the scab incidence was very low and comparable to that when seed tubers devoid of lesions were planted. However in fields disinfected with chlorpicrin, although seed tubers in which 5% of the surface area was affected and seed tubers without lesions were planted, a severe incidence of the disease was observed. In non-infected fields, the application of copper compounds and streptomycin was effective in controlling scab while in fields which had been disinfected the effect of the application decreased.
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Takashi ISHIJIMA, Yasuhiro NISHIZAKI, Tsuruo KAYAMURA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
28-33
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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In recently reclaimed fields from a mulberry plantation a severe outbreak of zouhibyo (elephant skin-like disease, identical with or similar to russet scab) -like disease was observed on potato tubers cultivated in the spring of 1985 in Kumamoto Prefecture, where potato plants had not been grown for more than twenty years at least. The symptoms most frequently observed were characterized by the presence of shallow, brown, corky reticulations on the tuber surface, which could be roughly divided into three main categories, namely, (A) zouhi (or russet), (B) small reticulations and (C) rough skin, and the combination of two or three of the symptoms, mostly on the tuber. Symptoms (A) predominated and tubers with symptoms (A) and a mixture accunted for more than 95 percent of the affected plants in the varieties May Queen and Dejima cultivated in the spring. Streptomyces spp. were isolated at a higher rate from lesions with (A) and (B) symptoms than (C) . The disease also developed seriously in the autumn potatoes in fields in which crops such as corn or radish as well as potato had been cultivated, in field left fallow during a two year period after the removal of mulberry trees and even in soils collected from a mulberry plantation and a copse in the near vicinity. It was shown that the disease was to soil-and seed tuber-borne, and that temperatures of 20C for 14 hours in the daytime and 18C for 10 hours at night were more conductive to the manifestation of the symptoms than 25 and 30C under the same conditions. The disease was considered to be caused by the agent of zouhibyo, Streptomyces verrucosus SHIBATA et KIMURA sp. nov., which occurred naturally in the mulberry plantation and its vicinity, and whose population increased rapidly under the favorable conditions created by liming and plowing in green manure or compost containing saw dust and livestock litter when the new field were established.
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Ryuutaro NAGATA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
34-36
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Yasuo SONKU, Yoshikuni NOMURA, Kenji TAKAYAMA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
37-41
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Jun-ichirou YAMAGUCHI, Masafumi MATSUZAKI, Kazuhiro OGATA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
42-44
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Occurrence of Verticillium wilt of eggplant caused by Verticillium dahliae KLEBAHN was observed during the cultivation season from spring to autumn in fields in 1982, in semi-forcing culture in vinyl houses in 1984 and in forcing culture in vinyl houses in 1985 in Saga Prefecture, respectively. The mycelial growth of V. dahliae on the medium was analyzed by adding sucrose as the carbohydrate source. Moreover, micro-screlotia production increased on the medium with a higher content of sucrose whereas no micro-sclerotia were produced when sucrose was not added.
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Kazuo HOKAMA, Isuke TOKASHIKI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
45-48
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kenzoh KOBAYASHI, Kiyoshi HARUTA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
49-52
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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I. Pathogenicity to Japanese radish of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from field soil.
Masahiro YOSHIDA, Kenzoh KOBAYASHI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
53-57
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Studies were carried out on the changes in the pathogenicity of Rhizoctania spp. isolated from the soil of reclaimed fields by inoculation to the Japanese radish. Durihg the sowing of seeds, R. solani anastomosis group (AG)-4 which was found to be the most virulent isolate to young plants, caused severe preemergence damping-off. R. solani AG-1, AG-2-2 and R. oryzae type were studied for the occurrence of postemergence damping-off 12 days after sowing. Pathogenicity responsible for the occurrence of root rot in thickened roots was observed in isolates of R. solani AG-2-2 and AG-4. However the formation of these lesions differed in both AG isolates, and AG-2-2 was more virulent than AG-4. R. solani AG-1 and binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-B formed only sclerotia on the cortex of the roots. Otherwise R. solani AG-2-2 could easily infect the hypocotyls and in-duce damping-off until 14-21 days after sowing, since this isolate scarcely infected hypocotyls more than 28 days old, but induced symptoms of root rot disease. Thus, it is suggested that the affinity of these Rhizoctonia spp. for the host plant and the type of symptoms may change with the growing conditions of the host plant.
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II. Occurrence of Rhizoctonia spp. in natural grasslands
Masahiro YOSHIDA, Kasashi MATSUMOTO, Kenzoh KOBAYASHI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
58-62
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The presence of Rhizoctonia spp. was investigated by isolation from soil and plants in natural grasslands, and the seasonal development was compared. Isolated Rhizoctonia spp. belonged to the R. solani anastomosis groups (AG)-2-2 or AG-6, binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (BnR) AG-A, AG-B or AG-Ba and R. oryzae type. Rhizoctonia spp., except for the R. orvzae type, were isolated from the upper layers of soil in applying the bait method. Frequency of Rhizoctonia spp. in relation to seasonal development was relatively stable from June to September but decreased in October. Rhizoctonia spp. from plants could be isolated with a higher frequency from the roots of Pleioblastus variegatus var. viridis in July, and from Rosa multiflora and Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica in June, September and October. These Rhizoctonia spp. isolated by the bait method belonged mainly to the BnR AG-B group and R. oryzae type, and those from plant debris and root of plants belonged mostly to the BnR AG-A group. Especially, R. solani AG-2-2 causing root rot of Japanese radish could be isolated from plant debris and the roots of L. bicolor var. japonica and R. multiflora. Thus, it is suggested that the ecology of Rhizoctonia spp. in the soil of natural grasslands varies with the groups. It was also shown that R. solani AG-2-2 occurs as a saprophyte on the roots of plants and plant debris.
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Masafumi MATSUZAKI, Jun-ichirou YAMAGUCHI, Kenji YAMATSU, Kazuhiro OGA ...
1986 Volume 32 Pages
63-66
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Phytophthora leaf rot caused by Phvtophthora porn, downy mildew caused by Peronos-pora destructor and Botrytis leaf blight caused by Botrvtis allii, B. bvssoidea, Ba cinerea and B. squamosa were the major diseases of onion recorded in Saga Prefecture based on sur-veys covering a period of 8 years from 1978 to 1985. During the 8 year period, the incidence of Phytophthora leaf rot was severe whereas that of downy mildew and Botrytis leaf blight was mild in 1983. A new onion neck rot disease caused by Botrvtis sp. was detected in 1983 and 1984. The causal fungus was identified as Botrvtis allii MUNN by comparative studies on the morphological and pathological properties of the fungus.
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Masatoshi OHNUKI, Yoshihiro OHTSU
1986 Volume 32 Pages
67-69
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Lettuce drop caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occurres in winter season in Okinawa. We tried to inactivate the sclerotia in the soil by using polyethylene film mulching during summer season. The sclerotia buried at the depths of 10 and 20 cm were tested for their viability of germination at 10, 20 and 30 days after the mulching. Ten days later, the germination rates of sclerotia in the treated soil at 10 and 20 cm were 0.0 and 5.0 %, respectively. Twenty days later, no sclerotium at each depth germinated, and 30 days later, the sclerotia decaied. On the other hand, the germination rates of the sclerotia in the control soil remained high level throughout the treatment period.
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Hiroshi IKEDA, Sumito TANAKA, Toshinobu NAKAMURA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
70-72
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Yoshikuni NOMURA, Yasuo SONKU
1986 Volume 32 Pages
73-75
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kenji YAMATSU, Kazuhiro OGATA, Jun-ichirou YAMAGUCHI, Masafumi MATSUZA ...
1986 Volume 32 Pages
76-77
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Kimio ONO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
78-80
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Akira MORITA, Michiaki NAGANO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
81-83
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Mitsuo SADAMATSU, Hideki MIKURIYA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
84-85
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Norimitsu SAKAGUCHI, Tamotsu KIKU
1986 Volume 32 Pages
86-87
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Yoshio HIRAI, Shingo OYA, Yoshio MIYAHARA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
88-91
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Population census of the apple snail, Ampullarius insulanis D'ORBIGNY, an invading pest that causes serious damage to lowland crops including the rice plant in southern Japan, was conducted in a paddy field at Fukuoka, in 1985. The average number of egg-masses per square meter was 0.4. Average size of the egg-mass was 91.6 and definitely small as compared with that sampled from the water grass in an adjacent irrigation canal i.e. 528.8 on an average. The number of snails per square meter was 12.1 and 19.1, on September 2 and October 4, respectively. Snails with a shell height of more than 30 millimeter, which are recognized as the adult snails, accounted for 4 and 2 percent of the total number on September 20 and October 4. Snails less than 20 millimeter high accounted for 93 percent, on September 20, and 96 percent on October 4. The distribution pattern of both eggs and snails in the paddy field was considered to be contagious. On the basis of the results obtained in this census, no definite correlation between the number of egg-masses and the population of the snails in each census quadrat was recognized.
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Shingo OYA, Yoshio HIRAI, Yoshio MIYAHARA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
92-95
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: December 09, 2009
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The apple snail, Ampullarius insularus D'ORBIGNY, which had been introduced for snail culture and had settled in the irrigation canals in some parts of Kyushu ditrict has been attacking the young stages of lowland crops. The amounts of young rice seedlings ingested by the snails and the effects of water temperature on the feeding behavior were tested in the laboratory to estimate the damage caused to rice seedlings immediately after transplanting. The snails with a shell height of less than 1.6 cm could not attack the rice seedlings. However, adult snails with a shell height of more than 3 cm were able to attack the 7th to 8th leaf stages of rice plants. The consumption of rice seedlings was lower than that of cabbage and potato. The consumption ratio of rice seedlings to the vegetables was lower in the smaller snails. These results suggest that the rice seedlings are not necessarily suitable as food for the young snails. The average number of rice seedlings ingested per day by the snails with a shell height of 2.9, 3.9, 4.8 and 5.7 cm at a temperature of 28°C was 4.5, 6.3, 12.6 and 23.5, respectively. The amounts of ingestion was proportional to the cube of shell height. The regression line between the number of rice seedlings ingested per day (Y) and the size of the shell height (X cm) was indicated as follows: Y=0.1190X
3+0.261. The water temperature most suitable for feeding was 30°C. The rate of food ingestion for each temperature value (Y) against 30°C was as follows: Y=-0.0341X
3+2.3501X
2-46.893X+311.304.
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Yoshio MIYAHARA, Yoshio HIRAI, Shingo OYA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
96-100
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Oviposition of Ampullarius insularus D'ORBIGNY, an Argentina originated freshwater snail, collected from irrigation canals was investigated in a glasshouse. Female snails laid one eggmass per night at intervals of two or three days during August and September and the number of eggs laid exceeded 2, 410. The hatching rates of the eggs were generally low and varied markedly from one oviposition day to another. The eggmass sizes were positively correlated with the shell height of the female snails, while the hatching rates of the eggs were negatively correlated with the shell height of the female snails. The hatching rates of eggs collected from six locations in Kyushu were examined. They were divided into three groups, that is, 90 percent of the highest value for Sadowara, Miyazaki Prefecture, 65-67 percent of the intermediate value for Kawazoe, Saga Prefecture, Akita, Kumamoto Prefecture, and Usa, Oita Prefecture, and 35-37 percent of the lowest value for Takata and Amagi, Fukuoka Prefecture. The size of the eggmasses laid on Zizania latifolia TURCY was larger than that on rice plants.
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Moriyoshi KANESHIMA, Shoji YAMAUCHI, Kunio HIGA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
101-103
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tsuneo KINJO, Tomohide SHIMADA, Shoji YAMAUCHI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
104-109
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Saburo HIGO, Akira TANAKA, Saburo FUKAMACHI, Manabu HORIMOTO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
110-112
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The rice water weevil (Lissorhoptrus orvzophilus KUSCHEL) was first recorded in Kagoshima Prefecture in May, 1984. The weevil was noted to have established itself in early planted paddy fields covering 52 ha in Ibusuki City in the Southern part of Satuma Peninsula. Thereafter, it was also found in two neighbouring towns, but further expansion of its distribution range was not confirmed in 1985 around Ibusuki City and the surroundings. However, this species was found in 1985 to be distributed over 200.3 ha of paddy fields with early maturing rice in Oosumi Peninsula and on the Amami Islands. The pest is considered to be dispersed by wind rather than by artificial means.
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Akira TANAKA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
113-117
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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To determine whether the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus KUSCHEL, may repeat at least two generations in paddy fields in Kagoshima Prefecture, the age structure of the weevil and its infestation were surveyed in 1985 in Ibusuki City, by transplanting rice at 5 different times. Some of the first generation adults which had developed on early planted rice were confirmed to produce the second generation on rice transplanted from late June to early July.
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Yoshio OGAWA, Takaakira NAKASUGA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
118-122
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Masahiro YAMANAKA, Nozomu FUJIYOSHI, Keisuke YOSHIDA, Eiki NAKAYAMA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
123-126
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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In early April 1985, a large number of overwintering larvae of Spilosoma niveum MÉNÉTRIÈS, recorded for the first time as a pest of crops, invaded barley fields from an adjacent vacant lot covered with dry grasses, and severely injured barley plants. In a few ridges in the vicinity of the vacant lot, the density of larvae exceeded 120 per m
2 and most of the barley plants were injured by feeding resulting in the shortening of culm length and ear length, as well as the reduction in the number of ears and yield of grain. The injury to barley plants was ascribed to a temporary change of food habit mainly caused by the high density of the overwintering larvae.
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Junichi YUKAWA, Aki NAKAWATASE, Masatoshi HORIKIRI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
127-129
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia sp., which is one of the serious pests of soybean in southwestern Japan repeats at least two generations from May to October on soybean and other wild leguminous plants. However the life history and host plants of the overwintering generation still remain unclear. The adults which emerged from soybean pods in October were considered to die without laying eggs, because no pods were available on any leguminous plants in late fall (OHSAKO et al., 1980). In this connection, the possibility that they might shift to alternate hosts other than Leguminosae was considered (YUKAWA et al., 1983) . To determine whether overwintering of this species occurs in Japan, soybeans were cultivated off-season, from September to December 1985, in exposing flowers and young pods to adults for oviposition from mid- to late October. The pod infestation rate was 10%, which is approximately normal for spring and summer. This means that the females normally searched for leguminous plants for oviposition even in October. Changes in the age structure indicated that the larvae developed in the fields, though slowly, into the pupal stage in December, which means their developmental zero point is relatively low. However all the pupae died in the pods withered by cold weather, while the emergence of an adult was observed under laboratory conditions. These observations on the developmental stages suggest that this gall midge does not enter diapause during the winter. Thus, such ecological attributes as searching behaviour for leguminous plants in late fall, low developmental zero point and non-diapause are considered to weaken the possibility that the gall midge overwinters in Japan either on Leguminosae or on other plant species.
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Osamu SETOKUCHI, Masaichi NAKAGAWA, Norio YOSHIDA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
130-133
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Effects of the planting period on the damage caused by stink bugs and of insecticidal control programs against those bugs in autumn soybeans were examined in Osumi district, Kagoshima Prefecture. Three species of stink bugs, Piezodorus hvbneri GMELIN, Riptortus civatus THUNBERG and Nezara viridula SCOTT were recognized as being injurious to the soybean crop. P. hvbneri and R. clavatus appeared from mid-August to November, throughout the pod-setting stages of the crops, but N. viridula was detected after lateSeptember. Soybeans were planted at five different times from mid-June to early-August and harvested in November, depending on the planting time. The earliest (June 19) and the latest (August 1) planted soybeans experienced the most serious damage caused by stink bugs. It appeared that the earliest planting was attacked by the bugs during the longest period from bloom to maturation, while the latest planting tended to be exposed to a concentrated attack by the bugs, especially by N. viridula in the early period of the podsetting stage. Insecticides were applied after the pod-setting stages of soybean plants. Results of field spraying experiments revealed that two applications in the early period reduced the damage to a considerable degree.
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Tugio HARA, Manabu HORIMOTO, Kensuke OASHI, Katuo BABAGUCHI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
134-135
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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II. Seasonal occurrence of adults of four major pests, Aedia leucomelas LINNÉ, Agrius convolvuli LINNÉ, Brachmia triannulella (HERRICH-SCHÄFFER) and Spodoptera litura FABRICIUS.
Kohjin NAKAGAWA, Osamu SETOKUCHI, Masahiro KOBAYASHI, Kensuke OASHI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
136-139
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Seasonal occurrence of adults of four major sweet potato defoliators, Aedia leucomelas LINNÉ, Agrius convolvuli LINNÉ, Brachmia triannulella (HERRICH-SCHAFFER) and Spodoptera litura FABRICIUS, was examined from 1983 to 1985 at Kushira in Kagoshima. Adults of A. leucomelas were captured with light and molasses-traps from early May to mid-November. Peak catches occurred in mid-June-early July, mid-July, early August and September. Moth numbers increased gradually from the first peak to the highest peak in September. A. convolvuli was caught from late May to mid-October in a light-trap. Almost all of the total annual moth catches occurred in August and September. Moths of B. triannulella, which overwinter at the adult stage, were counted visually by the moth-flushing method (the surveyor walks along the nursery beds of sweet potato and brushes the plants with a rod) from late April to early November. Two major peaks occurred in May and June. The first peak was higher than the second in the last two years. Many moths of S. litura were captured with light and molasses-traps from August to November. The peak in number occurred from early to mid-September. The number of individuals captured with a pheromone trap (Pherodine SL
R ) greatly exceeded that of the individuals captured with other traps. Moths were abundant in September and October. Population density of A. leucomelas and A. convolvuli in August seemed to be higher than that reported by MIYAHARA et al in 1963-66. This may be due to the change of the cultivation methods of sweet potato. Namely, adults of A. leucomelas, A. convolvuli, which emerged in early and late May, respectively, were able to lay their eggs on the leaves of sweet potato which had already been transplanted in late May according to recent cultivation methods. As a result, the moth populations of the following generation increased in the August period. Such a phenomenon was not observed in S. litura presumably due to the food habits of the larvae of this insect which is polyphagous.
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Takao TOMIO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
140-142
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Shingo ORITA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
143-144
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The seedcorn maggot, Hvlemva platura MEIGEN, attacked the hypocotyl of spring potato crops in Nagasaki in April 1985. After the main stem died before shoots were formed, many branches grew up. Therefore the stems were shorter, the number of stems increased 3.8 times and the total weight of tubers was reduced by 8%, especially tubers weighing more than 110 g showed a decrease of 120 g per hill. The damage was ascribed to the fact that the fields could not be plowed due to the long period of rain after the application of manure and excrements of chicken.
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Mituo NAKASIMA, Yoshihiro KITAUCHI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
145-147
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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1. Influence of temperature on growth
Masatoshi HORIKIRI, Susumu MAKINO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
148-149
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (HUBNER) is well known as an important pest of various kinds of economic plants in many countries. In Japan, only a few reports on beet armyworm and its damage have been published.
Recently in Kagoshima Prefecture, the beet armyworm has been observed in green onion fields, causing serious damage.
The current studies on the ecology and control of the beet armyworm were initiated in 1985. The present report deals with the developmental biology of the beet armyworm in relation to temperature. In the laboratory experiments, the threshold temperatures for development and the effective thermal totals of egg, larva, pupa and egg to moth emergence were estimated to be 10.5, 15.3, 15.6 and 15.3C and 49, 162, 74 and 270 day-degrees, respectively.
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Hideo UEMATSU
1986 Volume 32 Pages
150-154
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Larvae of the cotton leaf roller, Pleuroptya derogata were reared on leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis L. forma versicolor MAKINO. When they were reared at the temperatures of 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5 and 30°C, the duration of the immature stages was 73, 55, 36, 28, 24 and 23 days, respectively. The threshold of development and thermal constant for the completion of the immature stages were 14°C and 315 day-degrees. Prepupal diapause was induced by a short day length of less than 14L-10D at 20°C. Populations of the cotton leaf roller repeat 4 generations in a year and seem to overwinter in the prepupal stage in Miyazaki, Japan.
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Hiroshi KAJITA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
155-157
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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The relationship between the parasitism by Encarsia formosa and the density of Trialeurodes vaporariorum on tomato plants was studied in a greenhouse covered with a near-ultraviolet absorbing vinyl film in June of 1984. The number of whiteflies parasitized per leaf increased in the leaves infested with a large number of whiteflies within a plant. Furthermore, the number of whiteflies parasitized per plant increased in the plants infested with a high density of whiteflies. The degree of overlapping between the distribution of whiteflies and parasitized whiteflies was relatively high. However, the percentage of parasitism was not density-dependent. These results were similar to those obtained in a greenhouse covered with standard vinyl film. Near-ultraviolet absorbing vinyl film had no harmful effect on the dispersal of the female parasitoids and their parasitism.
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Hiroshi SUZUKI, Susumu HANASHIRO, Fukunori NAKASONE, Shoji YAMAUCHI, A ...
1986 Volume 32 Pages
158-162
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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13. Comparison of the adult movement in the plastic greenhouse depending on the covering materials
Akira KAWAI
1986 Volume 32 Pages
163-165
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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To examine the effect of vinyl film which absorbs the ultraviolet region of spectrum (UVA), a vinyl house was divided into 2 plots and UVA and standard vinyl film (CA) were used as covering materials for each plot. Cucumber was cultivated and T. palmi were released in both plots, and the movement of the adults was examined using sticky traps. The dispersal of the adults released was limited and occurred only along the rows in both plots. Dispersal and flight in the plot covered with UVA were more limited than in the plot covered with CA. Immigration into the plot covered with UVA was also less active than that in the plot covered with CA, but emigration from the plot covered with UVA was more active than that in the plot covered with CA.
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Hikaru KAZANO, Toshikatu NISHINO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
166-168
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Some attempts were made to measure the cholinesterase activity of Thrips palmi KAR-NY by the method described by ELLMAN et al. Activity of cholinesterase of T. palmi was 1/30 of that of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens STAHL, and at least 50 female adults were necessary for one measurement. The activity of cholinesterase decreased rapidly even under refrigeration conditions, that is, the enzyme activity of the brown planthopper did not decrease within four days although that of T. palmi dropped to half of the initial value within 24 hours. Fifty per cent inhibition concentration of Bassa and methidathion-oxon for the T. palmi populations consecutively sprayed with Bassa and methidathion was large compared to that of the populations without pesticide application.
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Hatsuko MIKURIYA, Hidehiko WAKIBE, Yasuyuki ISHIBASHI, Masamiti KAN
1986 Volume 32 Pages
169-172
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Toshio YOSHIHARA
1986 Volume 32 Pages
173-174
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Tomotoshi KASHIO
1986 Volume 32 Pages
175-178
Published: October 30, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
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Application of bark compost containing infective juveniles (J
3) of Steinernema feltiae DD-136 at the dose rates of 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000/ml resulted in 72 to 100% mortality for the 1st to 3rd instar larvae of Anoplophora malasiaca burrowing into citrus-limb under laboratory conditions at 25°C. In August, the application of bark compost containing nematodes (500, 000J
3/plant) on the soil surface around the trunk of a 6 year old navel orange tree resulted in 85% mortality for the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae in the laboratory, 77% for those in the trees shaded by cheesecloth, and 59% for those in trees exposed to direct. sunlight without shading. Spraying of the nematode suspension at the rate of 300, 000 per plant on the surface of the trunk resulted in 66%, 77%, and 25% mortality under the above conditions, respectively.
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