Kyushu Plant Protection Research

Original papers

Diseases

Specific DNA markers of Pyricularia grisea isolates, Kyu9439013 and OS99-G-7a.

Kazuyuki Hirayae, Tomoko Fujimoto, Junichiro Yamaguchi, Takashi Nakaji ...

2008 Volume 54 Pages 1-6
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.1

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By using a primer set of pJF1 and pJR1, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments, ca. 1,300 bp and ca. 2,700 bp were amplified from Pyricularia grisea isolates, Kyu9439013 and OS99-G-7a, respectively. The fragments were found to be unique to each isolate, suggesting that these could be used as specific DNA markers for the 2 isolates. Further investigation confirmed the specificity of the fragments: in the 480 isolates examined, some showed a fragment of ca. 800 bp, while others showed none. The specific markers of the 2 isolates were stably detected after 50 times transfer on medium and 7 times infection on rice leaves. Further, virulence of the 2 isolates was not reduced after the rice infection. Thus, since the isolates Kyu9439013 and OS99-G7a can be clearly identified by a specific DNA marker, these can be used as efficient tools to trace the rice blast pathogen in natural fields.

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Outbreak of wheat stripe rust in Oita Prefecture in 2007.

Shuichi Yamasaki, Hideaki Yoshimatsu, Akira Takemasa, Katsunori Tamash ...

2008 Volume 54 Pages 7-12
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.7

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Evaluation of fungicide rainfastness for the control of potato late blight.

Tetsuji Ogawa, Mitsuru Sayama, Yukihiro Mukaida

2008 Volume 54 Pages 13-17
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.13

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Occurrence and control of pests in loquat fields in Nagasaki Prefecture.

Akira Morita

2008 Volume 54 Pages 18-23
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.18

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Fenarimol resistance in Venturia nashicola, the scab fungus of Japanese pear in Fukuoka Prefecture.

Kenji Kikuhara, Hideo Ishii

2008 Volume 54 Pages 24-29
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.24

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Leaves and young fruits infected with Japanese pear scab were sampled from Japanese pear orchards in Fukuoka Prefecture in 2006 and 2007. Conidia collected from the samples were inoculated on the young leaves of potted pear trees previously sprayed with difenoconazole, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, or fenarimol. Difenoconazole showed a high level of efficacy, while hexaconazole and fenbuconazole showed intermediate levels of efficacy. The efficacy of fenarimol was observed to be lower against the inocula from Fukuoka Prefecture as compared with that against the sensitive reference inocula. Fenarimol-resistant isolates are widely distributed in Fukuoka Prefecture.

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Fusarium wilt of sweet pea caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Miyazaki, Japan.

Yukihisa Imamura, Kohko Kuno, Hiromi Kohroki, Kaoru Nakamura, Tomoe Ji ...

2008 Volume 54 Pages 30-38
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.30

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A new disease was observed in sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus L.) growing in greenhouses in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, in 2004. A Fusarium sp. that was highly pathogenic to sweet pea was isolated from the bases of sweet pea. On the basis of morphological tests performed using synthetic low-nutrient agar (SNA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) cultures, the isolate was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Further, the analysis of partial nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA and β-tubulin gene of the isolate confirmed the isolate to be F. oxysporum. This disease has not been reported in Japan till date. In foreign countries, F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum can be seen as a pathogen causing sweet pea wilt in the “Index of Plant Diseases in the United States”. However, the details of the disease remain unknown. Therefore, we propose the following common name for this disease: fusarium wilt of sweet pea (“sweet pea kabugare-byo” in Japanese). The isolate were also strongly pathogenic to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The level of sensitivity to the pathogen varies depending on the cultivar of sweet pea.

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An etiological survey and serological dignosis of reddish-brown streaks on the stem of Japanese Easter lily “ Hinomoto” in Okinoerabu Island.

Nahoko Nishi, Tatsuro Muta, Katsuhiko Miyaji, Naoshi Omatsu, Ryuji Hak ...

2008 Volume 54 Pages 39-43
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.39

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In 2001, a new symptom was observed on the stem of Japanese Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. “ Hinomoto” ), which was characterized by reddish-brown streaks (“ aka-suji” in Japanese) in Okinoerabu Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. It seemed that first chlorotic stripes (“ shiro- suji” in Japanese) appeared and these later turned reddish-brown when the lily approached the flowering stage in the seasonal cycle. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) detected Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Lily symptomless virus (LSV) in lily with reddish-brown streaks. However, these 2 viruses were also detected in symptomless lily plants, indicating that additional factors might exist that induce the symptom. Further, we determined that the reddish-brown streaks were transmitted by the vegetative propagation of lilies. Taken together, these results suggested a viral etiology of the reddish-brown streaks.

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Insect pests

Comparison of fertility and effect of population density on fertility between the northern and southwestern Japanese populations of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

Hirowo Satomi

2008 Volume 54 Pages 44-50
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.44

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Nephotettix cincticeps populations collected at various localities in northern and southwestern Japan were examined to elucidate whether the differences in the fertility and the density dependence of fertility between the two regions were sufficiently large to explain the difference in peak population densities observed in rice fields in the two regions. The experiments consisted of comparison of the fertility among several populations in test tubes or outdoor cages and that of density effects on the fertility between Sado (northern) and Chikugo (southwestern) populations. The result shows that both the population groups were almost similar in fertility as a whole. In the experiments for determining the effect of density on fertility, the numbers of eggs laid per female in the Sado and Chikugo populations were compared at three and four density levels. The linear regression coefficients between the densities and the numbers of eggs laid per female in terms of log-transformed values were similar in both the populations at three density levels, and no significant differences were found between the populations or densities at the four density levels. Therefore, it cannot be concluded that the southwestern populations are less fertile or more susceptible to changes in population density than the northern populations.

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Occurrence and insecticide susceptibility of rice planthoppers in Northern Lao.

Masayuki Komine, Tamotsu Seiji, Phouvong Souvanhnavongsa

2008 Volume 54 Pages 51-55
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.51

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Estimation of the adult male population of sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) at its low-density period on Kikai Island in Japan.

Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Tetuya Hatono, Shoichi Izumi, Satoshi Nishihara, K ...

2008 Volume 54 Pages 56-59
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.56

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The sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) is a major insect pest of the sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We estimated the entire adult male population of C. formicarius at its low-density period on Kikai Island, Kagoshima Pref., Japan. The population of adult males at the high-density period in September was about 5 times larger than that at its low-density period in May, both of which were estimated by Yamamura' s method. Using this calculation in combination with an estimate of the maximal population size (<4×10⁶) by Sugimoto et al. in 1994, the total number of male weevils at their low-density period can be assumed to be less than 8×10⁵.

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A simple method for preparing artificial larval diet of the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire)(Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Takumi Uesato, Tsuguo Kohama

2008 Volume 54 Pages 60-63
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.60

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The method for preparing ordinary larval artificial diet for Euscepes postfasciatus (old diet) was complicated and time consuming. Some ingredients (casein, saccharose, salt mixture, etc.) of the diet were added to boiled agar solution, others (vitamin mixture, sweetpotato powder, etc.) were added after the solution was cooled to 55°C. To simplify the diet preparation, we combined all ingredients before mixing with water, and then boiled the solution (new diet). There were no significant differences of survival rate (from egg hatching to adult eclosion) and right elytron length between the weevils reared on the old and new diets, but the development period (from egg to adult) of the weevils fed the new diet was significantly (1.3 days) longer than that of those fed the old diet. Preparation time of the new diet was half that of the old diet. These results suggest that simplified diet preparation can be introduced into the mass-rearing of E. postfasciatus.

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Residual effect of the granular insecticides applied on commercial sweet pepper on the survival of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer).

Takeshi Kamimuro, Takeshi Fukuda, Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Tatsurou Muta

2008 Volume 54 Pages 64-68
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.64

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We examined the residual effects of the granular insecticides applied on sweet pepper plants on the survival of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Sweet pepper seedlings were transplanted in a green house after applying imidacloprid or nitenpyram granules at the recommended dosage of 2 g ⁄ plant. Then, an upper leaf and a lower leaf were taken from each plant at 5, 12, 19 and 26 days after the insecticide treatment and were examined. Each test leaf was set in a Munger cell into which 10 adult female green peach aphids were released. The survival of the aphids and the number of nymphs laid by these insects were determined after 48 hours. The leaves from the plants treated with imidacloprid exhibited high insecticidal activity and suppressed the production of nymphs at 5 and 12 days after the insecticide treatment. The lower leaves retained a high residual effect for 19 days, but the residual effect in the upper leaf was considerably reduced after the same period. The effect of imidacloprid application disappeared at 26 days. The leaves treated with nitenpyram exhibited high insecticidal effect and suppressed the production of nymphs at 5 and 12 days, although the mortality rate of aphids on the upper leaves started to decrease on the 12th day after the insecticide treatment. The effect of nitenpyram application almost disappeared with some residual effect on nymph production on the 19th day. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate other control methods for transplanted seedlings when the effectiveness of the initial treatment is diminished.

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Oviposition sites and habitat of Haplothrips brevitubus(Karny) (Thy anoptera: Phlaeothripidae) on fruits.

Takeshi Fukuda, Hideaki Inoue, Kazuki Kakimoto, Tomotoshi Kashio

2008 Volume 54 Pages 69-73
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.69

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The oviposition site and habitat of Haplothrips brevitubus (Karny) on fruits were investigated. Many eggs of H. brevitubus were found on the flowers and the surfaces of calyces of eggplant, the bracts of strawberry, and the abaxial surfaces of the upper leaves of sweet pepper. Most of the larvae and adults of H. brevitubus were found on the flowers of eggplant and strawberry and on the flowers and growth nodes of sweet pepper. These results suggested that the larvae and adults of H. brevitubus mainly inhabit the flower; they tend to oviposit around the flower in areas with dense trichomes and minute air spaces.

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Predatory ability of Haplothrips brevitubus(Karny)( Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)on three species of greenhouse thrips.

Takeshi Fukuda, Hideaki Inoue, Kazuki Kakimoto, Tomotoshi Kashio

2008 Volume 54 Pages 74-77
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.74

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The predation of adult female Haplothrips brevitubus(Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) on 3 species of greenhouse thrips was investigated. The number of secondstage larvae of Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Frankliniella intonsa consumed by a H. brevitubus female increased with the prey density. The maximum predation number per day against second-stage larvae were 8.7 for T. palmi, 9.4 for F. occidentalis, and 8.5 for F. intonsa, when only thrips were provided, and 16.1 for T. palmi, 14.0 for F. occidentalis, and 8.2 for F. intonsa when the pollen of strawberry was provided along with thrips. These results show a predatory ability almost equal to that of other enemies such as Amblyseius eharai and Amblyseius cucumeris. Therefore, H. brevitubus could be an effective biological control agent for these thrips.

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Development and fecundity of Haplothrips brevitubus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae) on the pollen of some fruit vegetables.

Shigeki Morita, Tomotoshi Kashio, Hideaki Inoue, Kazuki Kakimoto

2008 Volume 54 Pages 78-84
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.78

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The development and fecundity of Haplothrips brevitubus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae) that fed on the pollen of some fruit vegetables were studied. H. brevitubus was allowed to feed on the pollen of strawberry, eggplant, and green pepper as well as pine pollen, Ephestia kuehniella eggs, and Frankliniella intonsa 1st instars used for comparison. The mean developmental periods of H. brevitubus from hatching to adult emergence were 14.7, 13.9, 13.6, 15.2, 14.0, and 15.8 days and the mean numbers of eggs laid per day were 6.7, 5.9, 3.9, 6.7, 7.9, and 5.1 for pollen of strawberry, eggplant, green pepper, and pine, E. kuehniella eggs, and F. intonsa 1st instars, respectively (25°C, 16L8D). The mean longevity of H. brevitubus that had fed on strawberry, green pepper pollen, and E. kuehniella eggs were 66.0, 46.1, and 73.4 days, respectiveely; the mean numbers of eggs laid during their lifetime were 289.9, 92.6, and 314.8, respectively. The data were not statistically significant for any biological parameter among the food types. These results suggest that the pollen of fruit vegetables tested here are almost equivalent to an animal diet such as moth eggs and thrips as food for H. brevitubus.

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Effect of granular insecticides on Thrips palmi Karny and its predatory natural enemies, Orius strigicollis (Poppius) and Haplothrips brevitubus (Karny).

Kazuki Kakimoto, Hideaki Inoue, Tomotoshi Kashio

2008 Volume 54 Pages 85-92
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.85

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Predacious natural enemy community on tropical spiderwort, Commelina benghalensis L. in November: A preliminary report.

Daisuke Ichikawa, Kazuro Ohno

2008 Volume 54 Pages 93-98
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.93

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To develop an augmentative biological control with resident natural enemies in vegetable greenhouses, a common agricultural weed, Commelina benghalensis L. was investigated with respect to the occurrence of predacious natural enemies in Miyazaki City and Kiyotake Town, Miyazaki Prefecture in mid to late November. A total of 9 species in 3 families were collected from 18 sites. In the agricultural lands near the foot of a small mountain, the mean number of natural enemies per site was 18.8±8.04(±SD), and Propylaea japonica (Thunberg) was predominant species, followed by Orius spp. In the agricultural flatlands, the mean number of natural enemies per site was 27.9±35.46, and Orius spp. were predominant, followed by P. japonica (Thunberg). In the agricultural lands and vacant areas near the seaside, the mean number of natural enemies per site was 52.7±41.02, and P. japonica (Thunberg) was predominant, followed by Pilophorus typicus (Distant). The diapause rate of collected Orius spp. was approximately 50% . These results suggested that C. benghalensis L. is a reservoir of these beneficial natural enemies.

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Evaluation of the effect of four pesticides on parasitic wasp, Aphidius colemani Viereck, in a cabbage field.

Yoshifumi Izono, Hidekazu Furuno

2008 Volume 54 Pages 99-104
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.99

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Net trap data of whitefly and biotype discrimination of Bemisia tabaci collected after 2001 in Saga.

Ryusei Kuwata, Fumitaka Kuchiki, Tomoki Etou, Tomoya Kondou, Hiroko Na ...

2008 Volume 54 Pages 105-108
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.105

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Discoloration of a kidney bean pod by the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Q biotype.

Takahiro Kamikado, Masafumi Oozono

2008 Volume 54 Pages 109-111
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.109

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The effects of the release of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Q and B biotypes on kidney bean pods were investigated via an experiment. The release of the B. tabaci Q biotype caused discoloring of the kidney bean pods. This characteristic discoloring occurred on the flower cluster that was located immediately above the treated leaves.

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Species composition of Liriomyza bryoniae, L. trifolii and L. sativae infesting vegetables and flowers in Kagoshima Prefecture.

Tian Ye Fei, Yositaka Sakamaki, Katsuo Tsuda, Kanetosi Kusigemati

2008 Volume 54 Pages 112-117
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.112

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The relative abundance of three Liriomyza leaf miners, L. bryoniae, L. trifolii and L. sativae infesting 23 cultivars/species of commercially cultivated vegetables and ornamental flowers was examined over three growing seasons, in a field survey on the Satsuma Peninsula of Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu Island. Infested leaves were sampled monthly and the relative abundance of emerging flies was compared among plant cultivars or taxa. For L. bryoniae, we found just a single adult that emerged from a cucumber sampled in 2005. The relative abundance of the leaf miners tended to depend on the families of the host plants. L. trifolii completely predominated on members of Brassicaceae, Compositae, and Umbelliferae, while L. sativae predominated on members of Cucurbitaceae, although a few L. trifolii emerged each year. L. trifolii and L. sativae were both sampled constantly on 3 species of Solanaceae and 3 species of Leguminosae and abundant species varied inconsistently among sites and among years. These results conflicted with a similar survey conducted on Honshu Island in the following 3 points : 1) there were few individuals of L. bryoniae ; 2) L. trifolii predominated completely on Brassicaceae ; and 3) L. trifolii and L. sativae were both sampled on Leguminosae and the abundant species varied inconsistently.

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Do the males of Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae) attract Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)?

Nobuyuki Endo, Takashi Wada

2008 Volume 54 Pages 118-122
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.118

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The synthetic pheromone of Riptortus pedestris (Heteroptera: Alydidae) attracts Piezodorus hybneri (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) as well as conspecific insects, showing cross-species attraction. However, the attractiveness of live R. pedestris to P. hybneri has never been investigated. In this study, we compared the attractiveness of synthetic pheromone and males of R. pedestris to P. hybneri in soybean fields. Large numbers of P. hybneri were caught in a water-pan trap baited with the synthetic R. pedestris pheromone (50 mg). In contrast, very few P. hybneri were caught in a trap baited with R. pedestris (10 males), although a large number of R. pedestris were caught, which indicated that the R. pedestris males actually release their pheromone. Herein, we discuss this contradiction in attractiveness between the synthetic pheromone and male R. pedestris.

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Comparison of commercial adhesives used for preventing ant invasion of fruit-fly monitoring traps.

Takashi Matsuyama, Dai Haraguchi, Hiroyuki Kuba

2008 Volume 54 Pages 123-126
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.123

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Occurrence of the Asiatic palm weevil, Rhabdoscelus similis (Chevrolat)(Coleoptera: Rhynchophridae) on Miyako Islands, Okinawa Prefecture.

Takumi Uesato, Norio Arakaki

2008 Volume 54 Pages 127-131
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.127

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Field surveys were conducted from August 2007 to January 2008 with 2 methods on 6 islands to detect the invasion and settlement of the Asiatic palm weevil, Rhabdoscelus similis (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae) on Miyako Islands. The first method was adult capture with bait traps (split and fermented mature cane stalks) on sugarcane fields and palm stands. The second was inspection of the palm trees (Dypsis lutescens (H. Wendl.)) to detect the larvae or pupae that develop in the stems. Weevils were found in the traps at Hirara, Gusukube, and Ueno areas on Miyako Island (6 ⁄ 108 traps), but not on Ikema (0⁄ 4 traps), Kurima (0 ⁄ 3 traps16 , Irabu (0 ⁄ 15 traps), Shimoji (0 ⁄ 4 traps), and Tarama Islands (0 ⁄ 16 traps). Although no adults were caught in the bait traps, the larvae and pupae of R. similis were found in the palm stems on Irabu and Kurima Islands. This survey thus confirmed the invasion and settlement of R. similis on Miyako, Irabu, and Kurima Islands.

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Plant-parasitic nematode fauna in upland field crops, fruit trees, and weeds in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

Hideaki Iwahori, Kenta Uesugi, Yasushi Tateishi

2008 Volume 54 Pages 132-137
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.132

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A field survey of the plant-parasitic nematodes in upland field crops, fruit trees, weeds, etc., was carried out at 94 sites in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The nematodes were extracted by the Baermann funnel technique and classified into root-knot (Meloidogyne spp.), root-lesion (Pratylenchus spp.), reniform (Rotylenchulus reniformis), stunt, spiral, pin, and ring nematodes on the basis of their morphological characters. Root-knot and root-lesion nematodes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP) analysis. Meloidogyne arenaria (Type Okinawa), M. incognita, Pratylenchus zeae, and P. coffeae (Type A) were the dominant species. M. hapla and P. kumamotoensis were recorded for the first time in Okinawa.

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Abstracts

[title in Japanese]

2008 Volume 54 Pages 138-140
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.138

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[title in Japanese]

2008 Volume 54 Pages 141-150
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.141

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[title in Japanese]

2008 Volume 54 Pages 151-156
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.151

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[title in Japanese]

2008 Volume 54 Pages 157-172
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.157

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Fact seet of diseases and pest insects

[title in Japanese]

2008 Volume 54 Pages 173-174
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: October 06, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4241/kyubyochu.54.173

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