Lepidoptera Science

The authors present a list of 23 species and 30 subspecies of the Heliconiinae (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), which were collected in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, South America, with collecting data and some notes on their habitats, behaviours, food plants, flower plants visited, geographical and individual variation and mimicry. Moreover, information on intersubspecific hybridization between Heliconius (Heliconius) erato chestertoni HEwrrsoN and H. (H.) erato venus STAUDINGER and some opinions of possible interest for taxonomical and biogeographical investigation of butterflies in this area were given. A map of the surveyed areas, a table about the number of collected specimens and the vertical distribution of every species and subspecies were included.

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The larval food plants of two satyrids, Acrophtalmia artemis FELDER, 1861 and Ragadia luzonia C. & R. FELDER, 1861 are ferns belonging to the genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae, Selaginellas; Pteridophyta), which has not been previously reported as food plant of satyrid larvae in literature. The results of the morphological studies on the early stages as well as the unique food habits of these species seem to support MILLER'S opinion (1968) that the two genera Ragadia and Acrophtalmia are included in the subfamily Ragadiinae.

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In Thailand the Glyphipterigid genus Glyphipterix has hitherto been represented by a single species, G. ditiorana (WALKER) (DIAKONOFF, 1982). During my stay in Thailand to make investigations on the Lepidoptera, I collected 15 specimens belonging to the genus Glyphipterix. Having examined them, I have found that nine of them are grouped into six unnamed species, which are described below as new to science; the remaining six specimens need to be further studied for specific identification. Holotypes of the new Thai species described in this paper are all preserved in the collection of Entomological Laboratory, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, and the paratypes are deposited in the Entomological Laboratory, University of Osaka Prefecture and the Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok. I wish to express my cordial thanks to Dr. S. MORIUTI, University of Osaka Prefecture, for his kindness in correcting the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Dr. T. WONGSIRI, Mr. M. RUMAKON and Dr. A. LEWVANICH, Department of Agriculture, for their kind help during my field survey in Thailand. I am indebetd to Mr. S. HONMA for the drawing of the figures in this paper.

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Plau Tioman, the largest island in the Tioman Island Group, lies some 20 miles east off West Malaysian mainland, accompanying Plau Aru, Plau Pemangil and many other small islands. The Island Group has been well known in its conspicuous endemism in butterflies, especially in the subspecific differences between populations of the Island Group and those of Malaysian mainland or Sundaland. Among the nine specialists of the butterflies who visited these islands from 1916 to the present, WILCOCKS had discovered a new endemic species, which was described as Hasora wilcocki by ELIOT (1970), and STUBBS and HISLOP had made a good series of collections, in which ELIOT (1978) recognized 177 species including many new subspecies. ELIOT (1980) added 30 species to the butterfly fauna of Plau Tioman based on BRETT-DAVIS collection, of which 26 were new to the Tioman Island Group. The author twice visited Plau Tioman, in May 1980 and August 1981, and made butterfly collection between Kampong Lalang and Kampong Tekek at the west coast and along a path connecting Kampong Tekek of the west coast with Kampong Juara of the east coast from sea level to the highest altitude of 330 m. In spite of his short visits to the island, the author was able to find some unrecorded butterflies from the island, some of which are thought to be new subspecies of Malayan or continental species. According to ELIOT (1978), the butterflies of the Tioman Island Group are characterized by the "increased melanism", especially in the family Pieridae and in the females of the family Lycaenidae, and they are under the influence of Bornean fauna. The author generally accepts his opinion with some exceptions mentioned later. Some pierid and danaid specimens from Palu Tioman in the author's collection were already illustrated by YATA and MORISHITA in TSUKADA (1981). They are included in this paper, because there were no special references in their texts concerning the records on these butterflies from the island. In the following lines the author will record the butterflies newly known from Plau Tioman and describe 11 new subspecies. The detailed data on the localities are omitted in the list except for new taxa. The materials treated in this paper were collected by the author himself and are preserved in the author's private collection, including the type specimens.

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