Two hundred sixty-five moth species belonging to 25 families of Microlepidoptera were collected in the Hiraodai karst plateau, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Of these, 172 species are newly recorded from Hiraodai, 25 species are newly recorded from Kyushu, and one species, Trachydora ussuriella Sinev, 1981 (Elachistidae, Parametriotinae) is new to Japan.

Five species of Eudemopsis Falkovitsh, 1962 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) have been recorded in Japan, but their biological data were insufficiently reported. This paper reports the larval biology of two Japanese species, E. toshimai Kawabe, 1974 and E. tokui Kawabe, 1974. Larvae of E. toshimai were discovered spinning young leaves of Actinodaphne acuminata (Lauraceae). Larvae of E. tokui in Hyogo Pref. were observed on the bent abaxial side of the leaf of Lindera glauca (Lauraceae) in the present study, while larvae in Yamanashi Pref. spun several young leaves of L. glauca as in the previous study. Larvae of E. tokui are parasitized by four species of Hymenoptera: Ascogaster bidentula Wesmael, 1835 (Braconidae: Cheloninae), Goniozus eriae Terayama, 2006 (Bethylidae: Bethylinae), Microplitis sp. (Braconidae: Microgastrinae), Phytodietus (P.) sp. (Ichneumonidae: Tryphoninae). These parasitoid wasps are reported for the first time as parasitoids of E. tokui.

Eretmocera artemisiae Li, 2019 (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) has been reported in China, Korea, and Japan, and its larvae are known to feed on Chenopodium album (Amaranthaceae) in Korea. In this study, a comparison of the male and female genitalia and DNA barcode regions with E. artemisiae collected in Japan, China, and Korea revealed that the genetic distances between the Japanese, Chinese, and Korean populations were small. In addition, new host plants of this species have been identified, suggesting that this species can feed on various plant genera in the family Amaranthaceae.

Historical changes to the subfamily classification in the family Geometridae are briefly introduced with the tables. As a result of morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, the Geometridae are now classified into 9 subfamilies. The morphological features of each subfamily are presented based on many taxonomic studies together with an assessment of the validity of the subfamily names. Monophyly of each subfamily is discussed and the subfamily relationships are compared with reference to the morphological and molecular studies.

A male papilionid butterfly, Graphium doson, was collected in Ikeda City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. This may be the first recorded instance of this species in the northern part of Osaka. It is believed that this species has expanded its distribution northeastward from the Chugoku or Shikoku districts to Osaka Prefecture, possibly due to climate warming and an increase in host tree planting.