Since the emergence of ChatGPT in 2022 the rapid development of generative AI has brought significant opportunities and challenges to English writing instruction. While Japan’s Ministry of Education promotes the use of generative AI in schools, and has begun training AI-leader teachers, many educators remain uncertain about how to integrate AI meaningfully into their instruction. This paper examines the pedagogical implications of AI-assisted writing from the perspectives of high school-university collaborative practices. First, it identifies major risks associated with overreliance on AI—including threats to academic integrity, loss of learning opportunities, and students’ inability to critically evaluate AI-generated text. This paper highlights the importance of explicit guidelines, transparent purposes for AI use, and instruction that develops students’ ability to revise, evaluate, and personalize AI outputs. Second, it argues that although AI can support surface-level accuracy and promote autonomous learning, human teachers remain essential for providing content-focused feedback, nurturing students’ thinking, and fostering motivation. Finally, this paper proposes a staged approach to AI integration that prioritizes foundational writing experience before full AI-supported writing. The discussion offers practical considerations for designing writing instruction that makes effective use of AI while safeguarding students’ development as independent writers.
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