From the end of the 1990's, many Japanese makers shifted their production base to China. Following this movement, many Japanese International Freight Forwarders also expanded their business to China, aiming to build and present a Logistics solution service by using means such as VMI, JIT, but the reality is that most companies are having a hard time due to the difference of conventional rules and customs.
Accordingly I would like to explain the present situation and the future of the Logistics in China from a Japanese forwarder's point of view, mainly focusing on the daily business flow.

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As for a physical distribution base policy in the Republic of Korea, the measure started by the “distribution industry modernization promoting method” in 1980. Although surely there was a Truck terminal also before 1980, the Truck terminal of those days was not an institution in a physical distribution base policy. It will enter in the 1990s, and the Republic of Korea government is having various subjects involving a physical distribution base to a freight terminal the “freight circulation promoting method” left behind in spite of such support as a physical distribution base with enforcement, although support etc. has been offered positively. In this research, while exploring the subject which a physical distribution base policy has left from the trend of a Republic of Korea physical distribution base, the remedy of the subject will be considered.

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Various action plans have been put together to achieve the Kyoto protocol's targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. A modal shift from trucks to railway and marine freight transport is considered a means to this end. In this paper, we clarify the factors involved in the choice of type of transport modes by transport distance, time, cost and so on. These analytic forms were conducted by means of logit models. Furthermore we estimated the feasible ratio of this shift by sensitivity analysis, and achieved a considerable reduction ratio of CO₂ emissions via a modal shift from roadway to railway and marine transports.

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Swedish postal service has been gone through a major reform. This reform has resulted to reduction of the number of post offices and opening of other service points such as convenience store, petroleum station. This paper analyzes the reform's effects to people's access and seeks to contribute to the postal reform in Japan.

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A number of studies have considered market and cost as the main reasons behind the companies' global relocation. Although these factors are important, they are not enough guarantees to bring benefits to the relocated company. This study tries to incorporate risk and infrastructure as other factors essential to be considered for successful relocation. The current relocation trend is first discussed before identifying which of the factors hold more weight in deciding to relocate a company.

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Recently, the importance of the concept known collectively as design for logistics (DFL) has grown explosively through exposure to fierce competition and changing circumstances. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the postponement strategy, which is considered one of the key components of DFL, from the objective of the bullwhip effect. In order to do this, not only several quantifications are derived but also the accuracy and adequacy of these quantification are examined by simulations..

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This paper is intended as a comparative study of the Japanese and Chinese companies. By using the data of SCM logistics scorecard (LSC) which was developed to self-evaluation of these companies, we try to figure out not only the features of the Chinese SCM structure but also their problems to establish efficient SCM. Analyzing the LSC data, results show that first, Chinese Companies tend to emphasize an agreement formation about transactions and second, leveling up their IT competence is one of the most important problems in order to build more efficient SCM.

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This paper considers the automobile-use tax based on the beneficiaries-pay principle focusing on the road investment cost. As the result of applying the Ramsey rule among vehicle types, I verify that the modification of existing fuel tax and the introduction of graduated per-kilometer tax, based on the beneficiaries-pay principle, can increase social benefit, respectively.

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To cope well with possible wrong delivery problem is an important issue in the future parcel services. We have studied methods of maintaining the data of each work carried out for the delivery. We firstly clarify the data to be maintained and have proposed that the data should be maintained on the network connected by RFID tag attached to each article. We have also proposed how the data of the works prior to picking should be maintained.

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In this paper, we consider the roles of 3PL provider in supply chain management. We examine the advantages of 3PL utilization from the point that “specialization” of 3PL would improve supply chain performance. To test this hypothesis we address four case studies of Japanese firms in the Chinese market.

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The Shimanami Expressway was opened in 1999 and all of the routes which had been planned to connect the Honshyu and Shikoku regions were completed. These changes in transportation networks have affected the route choices of trucks : the truck operators have changed their routes from using ferry lines to using the connection bridges.
The committee which was established to discuss the problems of the Japan Highway Public Corporation suggested in December 2002 that the toll of these bridges should be lowered by 50%. Although a rise in the toll of these bridges by about 25% was scheduled for April 2004, the Japan Highway Public Corporation accepted the proposal from the committee and lowered the toll of the bridges by about 10% in July 2004. This reduction in the toll has encouraged a decrease in the use frequency of ferry lines. This situation may contradict the Modal-shift policy.
We plan to analyze the influence of a reduction in the toll of the bridges on the route choice of trucks and the possibility of a modal-shift by using ferry lines. In this study, to obtain fundamental knowledges for these analyses, we built route choice models for trucks by employing Logit Model and analyzed the characteristics of the route choice of trucks with regard to changes in the toll of the connection bridges. Based on the results of these analyses, we calculated the time cost of the trucks and the effect that a change in the toll would have on the probability of trucks' choosing the routes using the connection bridges.

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This study aims to estimate traffic, environmental and economical effects of freight vehicles' reduction scheme in Tokyo. It was cleared that the introduction of freight vehicles' reduction scheme such as cooperative delivery service and preparing loading spaces improved the traffic and environmental condition as well us brought positive effect to the economy of Tokyo.

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Recently, informatization and globalization have rapidly changed global logistics systems. In this paper, from the viewpoint of informatization it is shown that the paradigm shift underlying global logistics systems is caused and in the global logistics market is coming an age of competitions among networks. Then some useful approaches and important issues for analyzing the global logistics systems under the age of competitions among networks are presented.

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The Japanese government has made up a plan to decrease CO₂ emission by 6 percent in 2012 from its 1990 level and established a subsidy system in 2002 to assist enterprises planning for modal shift from truck to rail or ship.
This paper cleared that motivations for modal shift of enterprises were different from railroad carriers to shipping carriers, and from manufacturing company to company depending to a questionnaire survey. In general, carriers are interested in acquiring subsidy whereas consignors regard social reputation as important.

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Nowadays, the use of local ports. by international container cargo is increasing. When the imported/exported cargo uses nearby local ports, the internal trucking distance would be shortened. From environmental point of view, this means reduction of the amount of CO₂ exhausted by trucking.
In our research, we estimated the amount of CO₂ to be decreased in recent five years and in the near future, when nearby local ports are to be utilized. And we classified Japanese local ports in terms of the amount of CO₂ to be decreased. Also we studied on the issue of desirable way of using ports.

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In order to establish recycling-based society, it is essential to formulate logistics systems to collect used items for reuse and recycle efficiently as well as appropriately in each area. To reuse and recycle is under strict regulation to secure appropriate processing and has difficult characteristics to be systematized. Based on the survey to manufacturers in the Kinki area, the present situation of collecting systems and advanced cases are analyzed and issues for systematization are discussed.

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Restructuring the logistics activities are not so easy matter. Many companies try to change their logistics activities efficiently, but only a few companies achieve their purposes. In this paper, first we will see some stages of “Integration of logistics activities”, and then we will try to see what kind of factors will lead to success their logistics reform.. As a case study, we will focus on the beer company, and we will have some implications. That is, the important factors are using the information from inventory management and strong leadership to promote logistics improvement.

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Since car production in China has been increasing rapidly in recent years, the number of auto parts manufacturers and the production volume have also been increasing drastically. Some parts manufacturers have adopted some method of demand-pull type supply for their customers, the car assembling companies. Although the Kanban system of Toyota Motors is a typical pull system, some other demand-pull or customer-driven system may also be effective for inventory reduction. In this study, auto parts manufacturers in China are analyzed and grouped into several categories which show the management level of pull or customer-driven parts supply and production including not only the Kanban system but also other broader definition pull type systems.
The survey was done at twenty parts manufacturers in China in the summer of 2004. One of the authors interviewed these manufacturers using a 48 question survey. From the results of this survey, the twenty auto parts manufacturers could be grouped into 5 categories. At the conclusion of this study, the authors explain the characteristics of each category. From the explanations, the present situation of auto parts manufacturers in China, from the point of view of a demand-pull parts supply and production to the car assembling companies, could be clarified.

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In Korea, in proportion to economic growth, the freight traffic has increased remarkably. In freight traffic, there has been the need to structural change in connection with the efficiency of transportation. In this paper, in the course of the motorization of freight traffic, first, we have to focus on the social economic factors surrounding the freight traffic. And we must go on to verify the change of the truck transportation business in Korea, examining the structure and problems of the market of truck transportation. Finally we suggest the direction of truck transportation business in the future.

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This paper empirically surveys the trade-off relationships among freights coming in and going out of 23 old railroad stations in Tokyo, from 1913 to 1936. To make clear the localized concentration of railroad stations, their freights are applied to the Gini coefficient and find which factors affect those stations to become locally concentrated. In this research, it is shown that most freights were concentrated in the seven stations of Shiodome, Ryokoku, Iidabashi, Kinshicho, Shinjuku, and Shinagawa. In the research, result show that the economies of scale in Tokyo existed and they were mainly affected by those seven stations. It appears river vessels played the main role, much larger than other vehicles, but the trend of railroad trains show that they followed the river vessels.

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Until now Busan port development had converged in facility investment that is wharf, loading facilities etc. But, port hinterland development is world trend in international physical distribution parts, add to offer various value added service, so it is very important part nowadays. Since 2000 years Busan port establish a new plan about port hinterland development and management make a plan connected with related legislation. That plan aim is to make Busan port as a hub port in Northeast Asia. Therefore, this research wishes to draw instance of the advanced country and suggestion point about development and present way for activation of Busan port hinterland. Furthermore we want to analysis the composition subject to different role off load, operating system, theoretical literature review for Northeast Asia's physical distribution concentration.

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In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding the optimal truck root which minimize the total weight-path-length. On the viewpoint of decreasing CO₂ in exhaust gas of traffics and logistics, we think it better as a cost function of truck roots than total path-length. An approximated calculation and its application to the garbage truck root are studied

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Considering the recent progress of GIS (Geographic Information System), we have studied the application of GIS to the delivery systems. First, we have clarified how GIS should be applied to satisfy the requirements of recent delivery systems. Then, we have verified the application level of the existing GIS systems. According to the results of the verification, we have proposed a few useful examples of GIS application for improving present delivery systems.

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