Spark plasma sintering (SPS), which can precisely control such sintering conditions as temperature,
heating rate, the extent of uniaxial loading, and the holding time under a vacuum, has great potential for
fabricating various types of functional materials. In particular, the high densification rates attained by
this technique enable suppressed grain growth during sintering and hence fine-grained microstructures.
For laser optics, we show that SPS is also effective for fabricating some laser optics including laser
materials with fine-grained microstructure, and sapphire/Nd:YAG ceramic composite materials.
Concerning these materials, this paper describes the microstructure, optical characteristics, and lasing
properties and discusses the future possibility of SPS for fabricating high-average power laser optics.
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