In the absence of intracellular enzymes the extracellular enzymes continue to produce 2, 3 butanediol up to a certain period but gradually the quantity of acetoin increases and that of butanediol decreases. The decreases of 2, 3 butane-diol and the simultaneous increase in the quantity of acetoin is rapid in the normal culture, which contains extra and intracellular enzymes. The formation of acid in the mixture is rapid in the normal culture, whereas if only the extra-cellular enzymes are present, the formation of acid is slow. In the presence of intracellular enzymes the mixture is alkaline.
The enzymes present in the bacterial cell are capable of utilising sugar even after the death of the organism, but acetoin and butanediol are not formed in the mixture.

抄録全体を表示

A Mycobacterium (strain Jucho) was irradiated with ultraviolet light, and a comparison of the amounts of nucleic acids, incorporation of P³²-orthophosphate and phosphorus turnover in irradiated and nonirradiated cells was made.
Under the conditions tested, no difference in the amounts of DNA and RNA could be detected between the irradiated and nonirradiated cells immedi. ately after irradiation and during post-irradiation incubation. P³² was somewhatmore rapidly incorporated into the cellular fractions, including DNA and RNA fractions, of ultraviolet-irradiated cells than into those which were not irradiated.
When P³²-labeled cells, nonirradiated and irradiated, were placed in a nonradioactive phosphate solution, the 1-hour- and 3-hour-labeled nonirradiated cells showed a decrease in radioactivity from P³² in the protein fraction. This suggests the existence of a labile phosphorus compound, showing an active phosphorus turnover. The ultraviolet-irradiated cells did not contain such labile compound in the protein fraction, and, , in addition, they showed an increase in radioactivity from P³². It appears that some abnormal phosphorus metabolism is related to protein synthesis in the ultraviolet-irradiated cells.

抄録全体を表示

Studies were made in locating the receptor site of Eseheriehia coli K-12 for cobaltous ion, and the following results were obtained:
(1) The amount of cobalt ion which can be fixed by E. coli, cultured both in a broth and a synthetic minimum medium, was greatly suppressed when the cells were treated wtih copper or nickel ions simultaneously and even when they-were added with radioactive cobalt ion after washing and removing these heavy mtals. These results would indicate that
(2) The cobalt-receptor is a common receptor for nickel and copper, and, furthermore, the fixation of copper or nickel ion to this receptor was much stabler than that of cobalt ion, and
(3) That cobalt ion, bound with the cellular receptor, is easily exchange-able by molecules of cobalt ion by each other.
(4) When the cells cultured in a broth medium were starved, its fixing ability was relatively decreased. This result suggests that the reverse amino acids can play some part as a cobalt receptor site of E. coli.

抄録全体を表示

1. Testicles of rabbits infected with strain H37Rv showed a strong involvement. The testicles of these rabbits were enlarged from three to four times the normal size with large grey necrotic lesions. There were large nodules found in the lung and in the liver (except in one rabbit).
2. Testicles of rabbits inoculated with the atypical strain were less involved than in those animals infected with the H37Rv strain. However, the lungs of the animals inoculated with the atypical strain 4 were studded with some nodules. The spleen was enlarged about two times the normal size and studded with many small nodules in which a lot of epithelioid cells were observed.
3. In view of the results obtained in this study, the authors consider that some atypical mycobacteria are a variant of tubercle bacilli.

抄録全体を表示

The inhibitory action of trichomycin on the oxidation of D-and L-amino acids is considerably arrested by the presence of excessive amounts of riboflavin. However, the arresting effect of riboflavin on the inhibitory action of trichomycin is observed only in the case when the compound is added simultaneously or beforehand. When the compound was added during the inhibitory activity of trichomycin, no arresting effect is noted. The drug may have a specific affinity for the yellow enzymes and, particularly, inhibits them. These respirometric data suggest that riboflavin may come into antagonism with the inhibitory action of trichomycin on the respiratory metabolism of C. albicans.
In regards to the mode of anti-fungal action of trichomycin, the inhibitory action on respiration is considered as being primary, and that the flavin enzyme system is regarded as the site of trichomycin action. However, the specific action which trichomycin has upon the individual cells of fungi and protozoa will not be definite until more is known about the metabolism and fine structure of living cells.

抄録全体を表示

Thirteen strains of mycobacteria isolated from human and suspected as unclassified mycobatceria and ten strains of mycobacteria isolated from dogs were examined for their tuberculin-specificity.
According to the tuberculin-specificity studies, eight suspicious nonchromogens, four isolated from human and four from dogs, were identified as nonchromogens. The tuberculin-specificity of six scotochromogens isolated from human did not show uniformity. Eight suspicious human type strains, two isolated from human and the remaining six from dogs, were confirmed as human type by their tuberculin-specificity. The Yamamoto S strain, which was classified into the "rapid growers" showed independent tuberculin-specificity. The similarity of tuberculin-specificity between photochromogens and M. fortuitum was demonstrated.

抄録全体を表示

Listerra monocytogenes was isolated from the spinal fluid of a boy who developed meningitic symptoms, and his disease was diagnosed as meningitis due to Lm infection. Intra-family infection was suspected in the epidemiological survey.

抄録全体を表示

The m vitro cultivation of mouse-passaged dengue viruses using tissues from various origin was, investigated.
An evidence of such possibility was obtained from a study made on type 1 dengue virus which was observed to multiply in plasma-embedded cultures of human mature lung, lymph node, thyroid and spleen tissues. The release of virus into the fluid phase continued for 30-50 days at 34°C, and the maximum virus titers of infected Huid were approximately 10³/0.02ml in mouse-intracerebral LD₅₀.
The active virus persisted for a significantly prolonged period of time (31 days) in the Huid of embryonic cerebrum tissue cultures; the viral multiplication of a low grade was suggested. Apparently no viral growth was evident in cultures of human adrenal gland tissues.
Trypsinized kidney cell cultures of guinea pig, hamster and hog supported tile growth of dengue virus. Active virus was detected in the fluid phase for more than 30 days when incubated at 34°C, and the maximum virus titers were 10³-10³/0.02ml in mouse LD₅₀. Serial passages of virus through a number of hamster kidney cell cultures and also maintaining the original mouse infectivity, were possible.
A low grade viral multiplication was evident in trypsinized chicken kidney cell cultures. A significant persistence of virus in trypsinized chick embryoskin-muscle cultures was noted. No growth of dengue virus was apparent in trypsinized kidney cell cultures of mouse, rabbit or ox.
Among the culture systems investigated, the kidney cells of hamster exhibited degeneration which was associated with dengue infection of both, types 1 and 2, viruses and suppressed by specific immune sera. The general pattern of infection resembled that noted in monkey kidney cell cultures. The in vitro neutralization was complete when performed with homotypic setum, but a partial neutralization was possible by heterotypic serum. The cellular degeneration practically paralleled the mouse-infectivity in the case of type 1 virus, while a discrepancy was noted between the titers in mice and in cell cultures infected with a strain of type 2 virus.
The clinical, virologictl and epidemiological significance of the results obtained was discussed.

抄録全体を表示

The growth of HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan, Sendai virus) in cultivated mouse lung cells were investigated. The HVJ propagated readily and could be passaged serially in this host system. Marked differences were found between the growth characteristics of the virus on first transfer to this host system and that of the virus after repeated passages. The growth of the latter virus in monolayers of mouse lung cells was characterized by a considerable delay in the production of cytopathic changes in the host cell, which were found after the peak titer of free virus had been attained.

抄録全体を表示

The quantitative agglutination of cells of a strain of Streptococcus Pyogenes was successfully performed using the agglutinogen of Todd-Hewitt broth culture supplemented by Tween 80, and the incomplete antibody was detected by the Coombs'test. A high titre of the complete and incomplete antibodies developed in a rabbit considerably late after a subcutaneous immunization of bacterial cells along with an adjuvant, di-basic lead acetate. And the antibodies increased after a series of booster immunization.
The incomplete antibody was detected in sera of rabbits, immunized through the intravenous routes, by the Coombs' test using haemagglutination of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with a M protein preparation. In this case, the incomplete antibody was deteced in the earlier stage of immunization.
Part of these experiments was reported at the 33d General Meeting of the Japan Bacteriological Society in July, 1960.

抄録全体を表示

1. It was found that striped patterns were produced in kaolin suspensions when the latter stood for a few days at room temperature. The manner in which the pattern was formed varied with time and place.
2. The formation of pattern was inhibited when the vessels containing the kaolin suspension was covered with a lead shield of 5 cm in thickness. Sometimes even when covered with such light materials as paper, inhibition was observed.
3. Thermal radiation emitted from an electric heater could sometimes enhance the formation of a pattern when employed in a minute amount, but when applied in a greater quantity the pattern was strongly disturbed.
4. Softer components of the X-agent seem to be concerned in the formation of the pattern, although it was not established whether or not harder components are also invelved. The inhibition of pattern formation by covering with light materials is supposed to be attributed to the elimination of very soft components similar to heat rays.
5. Evidence has been presented that a magnet can interfere with the formation of the pattern, indicating that some electrically charged particles are involved in its formation. However, the known electrically charged particles emitted from radioactive isotopes appeared to have no concern.
6. It was discussed that layers of clouds in the upper sky may be produced by the X-agent in a manner in which the striped patterns are formed in koalin suspensions. The probable role played by heat rays in the formation of clouds was also discussed.
Thanks are due to Dr. N. Makino for kindly putting a powerful magnet at our disposal with his valuable advice.

抄録全体を表示

Results of fusobacterium, lactobacillus and streptococcus counts obtained from oral specimens and their discussions suggested that the following ecological roles are present in the mouth:
The cell count of oral bacteria fluctuates from the lower population limit to the upper at any instance. Since the modes of multiplication and the decrease in cell number are assumed to be logarithmic in a mouth, a statistical treatment of individual counts would become possible only when they are converted into logarithmic numbers. Generally, a higher average was obtained from counts of a narrow distribution, and vice versa. Therefore, an individual difference in respect to average counts of the flora may probably originate from different low levels in that mouth. On the other hand, establishment of some growth stimulat-ing factor in a mouth might result in maintaining the higher average in such a mouth. Few differences in the limit of upper levels were noted among mouths. At least, two ecological associations, due to several organisms, the glycolytic layer and the haemophilic layer, were found in the present investigation. LactobacilliJanuary, 1961 INTRAORAL POPULATIONS OF FUSOBACTERIA 127and Strtpococci are the representatives of the glycolytic layer and Fusobacteria the haemophilic layer.

抄録全体を表示