In order to explain the mechanism of fungicidal action of caprylic acid against C. albicans, electron microscopic studies were initially carried out, and the effects of the acid on the oxidative and dehydrogenase activity of the organism were further investigated.
The peculiar numerous electron transparent areas (ETA), which were believed to being produced by the lytic action of caprylic acid, were developed in the cells treated with higher concentrations of the acid. On the other hand, the respiratory metabolism and dehydrogenase activity, whether or not the cells had been disrupted by press, were completely inhibited by the acid at the same concentrations.
From these facts, it can be assumed that caprylic acid acts on some surface components of the yeast cells, as a surface active agent, by combining with enzyme proteins which are essential to metabolism and growth. This is follow-ed by the destruction of their activities. With this mechanism, intracellular components may be released to the outside of the cells by the lytic action of caprylic acid.

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1) The metabolic pathway of D-glucuronic acid by A. aerogenes A-1 was investigated by the use of inhibitors, successive adaptation and chromatography. D-glucuronic acid is believed to be metabolized through galacturonic and tagaturonic acids to carbon dioxide and water by the dicarboxylic acid cycle.
2) The metabolic pathway of D-glucuronic acid and D-glucose by this organism appeared to be common below the dicarboxylic acid cycle.

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1. A basic, water soluble substance, which was prepared from calf thymus and designated as thymus peptide, inhibited the growth of some pathogenic fungi in different degrees, and the growth of Cryptococcus neoformans was inhibited by 50mcg of thymus peptide per ml of medium.
2. The antimycotic activity of this material diminished when the medium was acidic or when the inoculum was large.
3. Cryptococcus neoformans immediately lost its ability to multiply in an aqueous solution of thymus peptide.
4. The significance of the presence of antimycotic substance in normal animal tissues was discussed.

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1. Inconsistent amounts of alpha-toxin produced in chopped meat broth were demonstrated to be due to some agents released from meat particles when they were autoclaved at alkaline pH. This substance was shown to consist mainly of fatty acids. On the contrary the fat fraction showed no effect on the production of alpha-toxin.
2. The capacity to produce alpha-toxin in a chopped meat broth was improved to give 11Lb/ml.

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Correlation among the bulk of epithelial sediment in a gargled water and the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Veillonella counts were examined. The results obtained were as follows:
1. A majority of the sediment in a gargled water consisted of epithelial sediment, 82.6% of desquamated cells and 11.9% nucleal residue of the epithelial and salivary corpuscles. A bulk of the oral microorganisms was negligible.
2. Strong correlations were found between any two of the epithelial sediment, Lactobacillus, Stretococcus, and Veillonella; namely 0.910 between the sediment and Str. mitis, 0.901 between sediment and total Streptococcus, 0.865 between sediment and Veillonella, 0.694 between sediment and Lactobacillus, 0.475 between sediment and Str. salivarius, 0.819 between Veillonella and Lactobacillus, 0.867 between Veillonella and total Streptococcus, and 0.753 between Lactobacillus and total Streptococcus.
3. The statistical analysis disclosed that Veillonella was involved in the glycolytic layer, and the role of this newly joined organism in the glycolytic layer was discussed.
4. Factors controlling the desquamation of oral mucosa may simultaneously play a role in maintaining an intraoral population of every member of the glycolytic layer.
5. DMFT did not indicate the existence of a significant relationship to counts of any one of the glycolytic layer but to disquamation.

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1. Mitomycin C acted as a mutagen only when it acted bactericidally. It acted on mycobacteria bactericidally only when cells were in their actively growing state. It was almost ineffective in causing loss of viability and mutations when cells were in the resting state. Mitomycin C never exhibited its mutagenic action under the bacteriostatic conditions. When Mycobacterium "Jucho" was incubated statically in a phosphate buffer solution, containing 1μg of mitomycin C per ml, for 24 hours neither loss of viability nor increase of mutations occurred. However, when the organism was incubated under ashaking condition in the Sauton medium containing the same concentration of the antibiotic for 5 hours, a significant increase in mutation frequency and a loss of viability were observed.
2. The combined effect of mitomycin C with ultraviolet irradiation as a mutation, was slightly antagonistic. The mutation frequency actually observed with the combined use of mitomycin C and ultraviolet irradiation was much less than that calculated from a supposition of an individual action of both mutagens, although it was higher than the mutation frequency obtained when a single mutagen was used.
3. Mitomycin C acted bacteriostatically at very low concentrations, and it inhibited the growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. Jucho at concentrationsof 0.32μg/ml and 0.04μg/ml, respectively.

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1. At the present, coagulase of Staphylococcus aureus can be classified into 7 types. An attempt was made to classify staphylococcus strains using 7 antisera against their coagulases, and 82.5% of the strains were typable. Since a small number of strains failed to be classified with these 7 type anticoagulases, the authers expect that a few more new coagulases might be added in the future. However, a majority of the freshly isolated strains with satisfactory coagulase productivity may be classified with these 7 antisera.
2. There was a correlation between coagulase type IV and phage group I and between coagulase type V and phage group II. However, strains of phage group III were divided into coagulase types, I, II, III, VI and VII, strains of phage group IV into coagulase types II, V, VI and VII. Thus, phage groups III and IV were not associated with coagulase types, and there was also no direct relationship between a specific phage group and a specific coagulase type.
3. The distribution of anticoagulases among sera from 100 normal adults was examined with 7 coagulase types, and only 14% were found to be devoid of the antibodies, while 86% possessed more than one type of the antibody.
4. No remarkable difference exist among the 7 anticoagulases in their frequencies of occurrence in normal subjects, although the antibody against coagulase type IV occurred at a somewhat higher frequency than the others.
5. In normal adults, the anticoagulase titer were relatively low, about 80% being less than 1:16. The highest titer was 1:128, and higher titers than this were not encountered in any of the individuals examined.

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The endogenous gram-negative bacilli in the intestines of mice multiply rapidly following intraperitoneal injection with bacterial endotoxins (lipopoly-saccharides). An increase in the number parallels the severeness of general symptoms of mice, subsiding to the normal level as the animals recover.
Lactobacilli, which normally exist in a larger number in the intestines of mice than gram-negative bacilli, show a very constant number before and after the endotoxin injection.

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