MICROBIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY
Online ISSN : 1348-0421
Print ISSN : 0385-5600
ISSN-L : 0385-5600
24 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
  • III. Inhibition of Arthus Reaction and Peritoneal Infiltration of PMN
    Tadashi IMAGAWA, Makoto KANOH, Shunro SONODA, Sayaka UTSUMI
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 895-905
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In vivo biologic effects of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte-inhibitory factor (PIF) of Bordetella pertussis were tested by using two experimentally induced. inflammatory processes in mice. The intravenous injection of a partially purified extract from phase I bacteria strongly inhibited the glycogen-induced peritoneal infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and the Arthus reactions, whereas little inhibitory activity was found in the extract from phase III bacteria. The activity was localized in the outer membrane of phase I bacteria, as was the in vitro PIF activity, and the two activities gave the same behavior in DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Therefore the observed suppression of inflammatory processes in mice is probably due to the inhibitory action of PIF on the function of PMN in vivo.
  • Nobutoshi MAEHARA, Haruko KOMATSU, Kazunobu SHIMODA, Satoshi MAKINO, Y ...
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 907-914
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The production of the virus-inhibiting factor or interferon (IF) was highest in cells incubated at 37 C after inoculation with Newcastle disease (ND) virus and decreased as the incubation temperature was lowered. Shift-down of incubation temperature to 32 C or 34 C after incubation at 37 C for 4-7 hr enhanced IF production in cell cultures stimulated with ND virus, as compared with cultures incubated continuously at 37 C. Shift-down to 32 C after incubation at 37 C for 6 hr was optimal for this enhancement of IF yield. Enhanced IF production was also observed in cell cultures irradiated by ultraviolet light 4-7 hr after stimulation with ND virus.
  • Fuyoko SASAO, Akira IGARASHI, Konosuke FUKAI
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 915-924
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Amino acid requirements for the growth of Aedes albopictus, clone C6/36, cells and for the production of dengue (DEN) and Chikungunya (CHIK) viruses were examined by growing the cells or the viruses in media which were deprived of one of the 20 amino acids. Cell growth was markedly inhibited when cystine was omitted from the medium, and to a lesser extent by arginine deprivation. On the other hand, omission of alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid at the same time did not affect cell growth. Marked accumulation of alanine was observed in the medium when the cells were grown for 8 days in complete medium, with concomitant depletion of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The production of CHIK virus was inhibited markedly by omission of cystine from the medium after virus infection, while the production of DEN viruses was more affected by glycine deprivation, although cystine deprivation also inhibited virus production to a lesser extent. On the other hand, production of CHIK and DEN viruses was not affected when alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid were omitted from the medium at the same time.
  • Yoshikazu OKA, Hiromi HAYASHI, Fujiro ISHIKAWA, Humio OSAKI
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 925-932
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to analyze the host-parasite interactions in experimental trichomoniasis, the growth of Trichomonas foetus in the peritoneal cavity and changes in the peritoneal exudate cells were followed in mice treated with dextran sulfate 500 (DS 500), a known macrophage-toxic agent. Light microscopic observation showed that DS 500 treatment induced degeneration of peritoneal macrophages within about 48 hr after the treatment and the damaged macrophages did not phagocytize the parasites, whereas peritoneal neutrophils and lymphocytes were not affected by the drug. In the DS 500-treated mice, growth of parasites in the peritoneal cavity was accelerated and a high susceptibility of the mice to T. foetus infection was observed. These results indicate that macrophages play the most important role among the peritoneal exudate cells in resistance to T. foetus infection, especially during the early stage of infection.
  • IX. Its Effect on the Histology of the Regional Lymph Node and Other Lymphoid Organs
    Takashi YOKOCHI, Izumi NAKASHIMA, Nobuo KATO, Junpei ASAI, Soichi IIJI ...
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 933-944
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The sequence of histological changes in the regional lymph node and other lymphoid organs of mice injected with the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS-K) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was followed. Injection of CPS-K, but not LPS, induced the following characteristic histological changes in the regional lymph node. In the early stage there was a marked decrease in the number of small lymphocytes, accompanied by the appearance of scattered fragmented nuclei and infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes, and in the late stage there was marked proliferation of macrophage-like cells and pyroninophilic cells. Histological changes in the thymus and spleen and changes in cell populations in the bone marrow and peripheral blood after CPS-K injection were essentially the same as after LPS injection. Since CPS-K has a much stronger adjuvant action on antibody response than does LPS, it is suggested that the characteristic histological changes in the regional lymph node after injection of CPS-K are closely related to its extraordinarily strong adjuvant action.
  • IV. Production of Lesions in the Exocrine Pancreas of Mice by Repeated Injection of Syngeneic Pancreatic Extract Together with the Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Kenichi YAMAKI, Michio OHTA, Izumi NAKASHIMA, Aiji NODA, Junpei ASAI, ...
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 945-956
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Definite lesions in the exocrine pancreas were produced when SMA mice were immunized eight times at intervals of 30 days with a mixture of extract of pooled pancreas from syngeneic mice and the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain (CPS-K), whereas no pancreatic lesions were produced in mice given CPS-K alone or pancreatic extract alone. The typical histological changes were characterized by infiltration with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and other mononuclear cells, degeneration and lysis of the acinar cells, destruction of the lobular architecture, and replacement by fatty tissue and fibrous connective tissue. The endocrine islets were well preserved. No specific histological changes were produced in the organs other than the pancreas in these mice. Most of mice immunized with pancreatic extract mixed with CPS-K produced serum precipitins to syngeneic pancreatic antigens. However, severe pancreatic lesions were also produced in mice showing no definite precipitin production.
  • I. Species Recognition by Mouse and Guinea Pig Macrophages in the Phagocytosis of Heterologous Thymocytes
    Katsuyuki SANO, Masanobu SUGIMOTO, Tomoyoshi YASUDA, Yasuyuki EGASHIRA ...
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 957-967
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    The ability of macrophages to recognize homologous and various heterologous cells was studied in mice, rats, and guinea pigs, in terms of the in vitro phagocytosis of non-opsonized viable thymocytes by macrophages. Mouse, rat, and guinea pig macrophages were found to phagocytize actively thymocytes from certain heterologous animals, including chickens. For instance, mouse macrophages displayed conspicuous phagocytic activities against chicken and duck thymocytes, moderate activities against guinea pig and frog thymocytes and weak activities against rat and mouse thymocytes. On the other hand, guinea pig macrophages revealed a different behaviour : they ingested only chicken thymocytes. These observations strongly suggested that mammalian macrophages possess some ability to discriminate homologous from certain heterologous thymocytes. The results, however, did not necessarily support the idea that the degree of phagocytosis is simply related to the phylogenetic distance between the animal species from which thymocytes and macrophages originated, because of the apparent exception in the mode of phagocytosis by guinea pig macrophages. Evidence demonstrating that antibodies are not involved in this phenomenon will be presented in the accompanying paper.
  • II. The Mechanism of Phagocytosis of Chicken Thymocytes by Mouse and Guinea Pig Macrophages
    Masanobu SUGIMOTO, Katsuyuki SANO, Takemi ENOMOTO, Masaatsu YAMADA, Ya ...
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 969-979
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mouse and guinea pig macrophages cultured in vitro actively phagocytize non-opsonized thymocytes from certain heterologous animals including chickens, as shown in the accompanying paper (11). The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon, using the phagocytosis of chicken thymocytes (c-thymocytes) by mouse and guinea pig macrophages.
    The involvement in this phenomenon of natural IgG passively adsorbed in situ to macrophages was excluded, since the phagocytosis of c-thymocytes was not significantly affected by the treatment of macrophages with homologous IgG or rabbit anti-sera directed toward homologous IgG. The involvement of lectin-or sugar-like receptors seems also to be unlikely, since various glycoproteins showed no significant effect. c-Thymocytes treated with normal mouse serum (NMS) but not with heat-inactivated NMS were strongly stained with goat anti-mouse C3 by an indirect immunofluorescent technique, and became extremely vulnerable to adherence to and phagocytosis by mouse macrophages, suggesting that c-thymocytes are an activator of the alternative pathway of mouse complement. These results as a whole raise the possibility that mouse and guinea pig macrophages can phagocytize c-thymocytes by recognizing their activating surfaces of the alternative complement pathway without the participation of exogenously added IgG or complement, as proposed by others in the phagocytosis of rabbit and mouse red blood cells by human monocytes
  • Masayasu NAKANO, Hideko TOYODA, Masao J. TANABE, Takao MATSUMOTO, Shog ...
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 981-994
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
    Polyclonal plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in murine spleen cells induced by Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were studied. Injection of Balb/ c mice with S. aureus strain 248βH resulted in the generation of anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) and anti-sheep red blood cell PFC in their spleens. Cultures of Balb/ c spleen cells in the presence of S. aureus 248βH, Cowan I, or a protein A-deficient mutant yielded many anti-TNP PFC. The larger the number of organisms that were added to the cultures, the better was the PFC response. Both living and killed organisms were capable of inducing the response, but an excess of living 248βH organisms in the cultures abrogated the response. All of the organisms (12 strains of S. aureus and 11 strains of S. epidermidis) freshly isolated from patients had the ability to induce the polyclonal PFC response in cell cultures.
    These organisms stimulated cultured C3H/HeJ mouse spleen cells, which were unresponsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cultured cells from the spleens of athymic nu/nu mice also responded to these organisms, and the number of PFC in nu/nu cell cultures was always greater than that in nu/+ cells prepared from a haired litter mate. Moreover, the responses of nu/nu spleen cell cultures to which nylon wool column-filtered splenic nu/+ T cells were added were lower than expected. These findings suggest that the polyclonal PFC response to staphylococci is thymus independent, but that the magnitude of the response is regulated by mature T cells. Cultures of macrophage-depleted spleen cells responded to the organisms to an extent similar to that of the control.
    The 248βH organisms were less capable of stimulating spleen cells of 2-week-old mice (i.e., early maturing B cells) than LPS. However, spleen cells from adult (7-week-old) and aged (9-month-old) mice responded well to both the organisms and LPS. Previous sensitization with the organisms in vivo did not affect any polyclonal responses of spleen cells in vitro to either the organisms or LPS. The role of staphylococcal protein A in the polyclonal PFC response to staphylococci is discussed.
  • Shinichi NAKAMURA, Satoshi NAKASHIO, Takashi INAMATSU, Naomi NISHIDA, ...
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 995-997
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • II. Inhibition of the Proliferative Responses by Anti-Immunoglobulin Serum and Specific Anti-Ia Serum
    Toshimasa NITTA, Seiichi OKUMURA, Masayasu NAKANO
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 999-1003
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Kiyoko S. AKAGAWA, Tohru TOKUNAGA
    1980 年 24 巻 10 号 p. 1005-1011
    発行日: 1980/10/20
    公開日: 2009/10/15
    ジャーナル フリー
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