MICROBIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY
Online ISSN : 1348-0421
Print ISSN : 0385-5600
ISSN-L : 0385-5600
38 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • Takehiko Uchiyama, Xiao-Jie Yan, Ken'ichi Imanishi, Junji Yagi
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 245-256
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Yoshihiko Sawa, Ken-ichiro Shibata, Mamoru Noda, Tsuguo Watanabe
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 257-262
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    A 90kDa protein of Mycoplasma salivarium was released from cell membranes of the organism with Triton X-100 and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. The protein was eluted at pH 5.5 by chromatofocusing. The protein was shown to react with the Fc fragments of IgG from human and nine different animal species and did not distinguish between IgG from different species, while protein A, tested for comparative purposes, displayed a strong specificity for human and swine IgG. Furthermore, the protein reacted with antigen specific goat IgG (specific for gamma chains of human IgG), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) sensitized with rabbit antiserum to SRBC, that is, the Fc part of rabbit IgG, and concanavalin A as well. These findings may suggest that the protein is a lectin which binds the carbohydrate moiety of the Fc part of IgG.
  • Toshiyuki Masuzawa, Toru Kurita, Hiroki Kawabata, Harumi Suzuki, Yasut ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 263-268
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Outbred ddY mice inoculated with live cells of Borrelia burgdorferi strain 297 into hind footpad displayed swelling of the footpad at days 7 to 11 after inoculation. Marked neutrophilic infiltration was observed in the subcutaneous tissue and the part of bone tissue which was partially destroyed, and synovial layer of articular capsule was thickened and protruded into the joint space in the histopathological examination of footpad inoculated with live Borrelia cells. The inflammation peaked at day 7 and B. burgdorferi was cultured from bladder and heart of the mice at day 14 after inoculation. The mice inoculated with heat-inactivated cells at 56C for 30min did not show any significant histopathological change. In this mice model, nontreated littermates were not infected in contact with infected littermates for 14 days of experimental period. The outbred ddY mice model is useful for evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination against Lyme disease.
  • Yoshiko Arimitsu, Masaaki Seki, Minoru Nakao, Kenji Miyamoto
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 269-272
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Results of a passive microcapsule agglutination test using 2 Japanese strains, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii, were comparable to that of the passive microcapsule agglutination test using a Swiss strain Borrelia burgdorferi IRS in detecting antibodies of an early stage of Lyme disease patients in Japan. MCAT with microcapsule sensitized strain IRS seems likely to become one of the important tools for the early diagnosis of Lyme disease in the world. The highest titer of MCAT was detected in the serum samples of patients which were taken around 2 weeks after erythema chronicum migrans. The test is very simple and can be employed easily in diagnostic laboratories.
  • Kan Shida, Kotaro Takamizawa, Masato Nagaoka, Takao Tsuji, Toshiaki Os ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 273-279
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    The binding of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) type I to glycosylated proteins with lactose (Galβ1-4Glc) by amino carbonyl reaction was studied by the Western blot assay and by the microtiter well binding assay. LT bound to a lactose-α-lactalbumin amino carbonyl product (Lac-LA), whereas cholera toxin did not. The binding ability of Lac-LA was abolished by β-galactosidase treatment, indicating that the terminal galactose is essential for the binding of LT. The binding of LT to Lac-LA was inhibited by galactose and lactose, and most effectively inhibited by lactulose (Galβ1-4Fru), which is a structural analog of the Amadori rearrangement product of the amino carbonyl reaction between lactose and an ε-amino group of a lysine residue (lactuloselysine). The results suggest that LT recognizes the portion of lactuloselysine in Lac-LA. LT also bound to a melibiose (Galα1-6Glc)-α-lactalbumin amino carbonyl product (Mel-LA), but the binding ability of Mel-LA was weaker than that of Lac-LA, suggesting that the β1-4 linked terminal galactose is dispensable but preferable for the binding. Furthermore, LT bound to the amino carbonyl products of lactose with β-lactoglobulin, caseins, bovine serum albumin, and ovalbumin. These results indicate that LT binds to the amino carbonyl products between proteins and sugars containing the terminal galactose, such as lactose.
  • Toshikazu Uchida, Masakazu Shimojima, Kenichirou Gotoh, Toshio Shikata ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 281-285
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Since the recent introduction of diagnostic kits for hepatitis C and E, some cases of non-A, non-B, non-C, non-D, non-E hepatitis (so-called hepatitis F) have been revealed. We attempted to demonstrate that so-called hepatitis F is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify serum HBV DNAs from 20 patients with acute hepatitis and 20 patients with chronic hepatitis who had been diagnosed as having so-called hepatitis F on the basis of conventional serological markers. The PCR technique successfully amplified HBV DNAs in 18 (90%) cases of acute hepatitis and 17 (85%) cases of chronic hepatitis. Sequencing of HBV DNAs of six patients (acute 3, chronic 3) revealed equally a T-to-C mutation of DR2 and an 8-nucleotide deletion of the 3'-terminus of the X gene coding region, giving rise to the generation of a C-terminally truncated X protein and probable damage to the enhancer II/core promoter elements. These mutations of the X gene coding region may lead to suppression of replication and expression of HBV DNAs. Thus virtually all cases of so-called hepatitis F appear to be caused by “silent” HBV mutants, at least in Japan.
  • Tetsuya Matsumoto, Mitsuo Kaku, Kazuhiro Tateda, Nobuhiko Furuya, Yoic ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 287-293
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    We evaluated antibody-coated bacteria (ACB) in expectorated sputum to discriminate contaminating or colonizing organisms from true pathogens. We examined 60 expectorated sputum samples from 51 patients with lower respiratory infections (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 25, pneumonia 20, purulent tracheobronchitis 6). All samples were examined with quantitative culture and immunofluorescent demonstration of ACB. From the results of quantitative culture, we divided specimens into pathogen-isolated and pathogen-free samples. Among pathogen-isolated samples, in which we isolated accepted pathogenic organisms at ≥107 colony-forming units per ml, 16 of 23 samples were ACB-positive (69.5%). In contrast, among pathogen-free samples, in which we isolated accepted pathogens at <107 colony forming units per ml or only upper respiratory flora, only 3 of 37 samples were ACB-positive (8.1%). The ACB-positive rate was significantly higher in pathogen-isolated than in pathogen-free samples (P<0.001). Consequently, detecting ACB in expectorated sputum shows good potential as another criterion for distinguishing contaminating or colonizing organisms from true pathogens.
  • Tomoko Yamamoto, Tomoko Hanawa, Sachio Ogata
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 295-300
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Yersinia enterocolitica is a facultative intracellular pathogen which invades to epithelial cells and survives in phagocytes. Since the internal environment of phagocytes should be stressful conditions for the phagocytosed Yersinia, the bacteria should respond to protect themselves from otherwise lethal results. We analyzed the stress-induced proteins which possibly contribute to survival of Yersinia within the phagocytes. Y. enterocolitica was radiolabeled during the growth in macrophage-like J774-1 cells, and the bacterial proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. At least 16 proteins were selectively induced in response to phagocytosis, and several out of 16 proteins were also induced by heat shock at 42C or oxidative stresses in vitro. Of those, two major stress proteins were identified to be homologues of DnaK and CRPA by immunoblotting analysis. These results have indicated that Y. enterocolitica exhibits a global stress response to the hostile environment in the phagocytosed macrophage.
  • Kazufumi Miyagi, Yasukazu Matsumoto, Kazu Hayashi, Myonsun Yoh, Koichi ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 301-304
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two cholera cases were diagnosed using an enzyme-labeled oligonucleotide probe (ELONP) hybridization test for detection of cholera toxin gene (ctx) in a clinical laboratory at Osaka Airport Quarantine Station. The ELONP test with suspicious colonies of Vibrio cholerae O1 grown on TCBS or Vibrio agar plates gave positive result for ctx within 3hr. We also tried to apply the ELONP test for direct detection of ctx in their stool and their non-selective culture. Specimens from Case #1, which contained 5.9×105CFU/g of V. cholerae O1 in the stool, cultured for 7-8hr or longer in alkaline peptone water or Marine broth at 37C, became positive for ctx. On the other hand, specimens from Case #2, which contained 8.7×108CFU/ml (of V. cholerae O1 in the stool), gave positive result in this stool itself without any further culture. These data suggest that the ELONP test provides successfully a more rapid and accurate means of identifying “toxigenic” V. cholerae O1 in a clinical laboratory.
  • Wubshet Mamo, Gunnar Fröman
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 305-308
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine intramammary infection (mastitis) were tested for adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial cells after growth in milk whey or TSB. Bacteria grown in milk whey adhered more efficiently to mammary gland epithelial cells in vitro than the corresponding homologous bacteria grown in TSB. Trypsin treatment of milk whey-grown S. aureus had no effect on their adherence. Whereas, pretreatment with periodate significantly decreased bacterial adherence capacity. Periodate treatment of TSB-grown bacteria had no effect on adhesion to the mammary gland epithelial cells.
  • Mohammed Shah Alam Nur-E-Kamal, Abu Amar Md Al Mamun, Zia Uddin Ahmed
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 309-312
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    The thyA gene which codes for thymidylate synthase has been cloned and sequenced from the wild-type Shigella flexneri Y strain SH4 and a thyA mutant TSF21 after amplifying the gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The nucleotide sequence revealed 98% homology to the E. coli K-12 thyA gene. The sequence of the wild-type thyA gene of Shigella flexneri Y was identical with that of the thyA mutant except that the residue T at position 345 was replaced by residue A in the thyA mutant. This change would cause a predicted amino acid substitution of leucine at position 44 in the polypeptide product of the wild type by glutamine in the mutant. Thus, Leu44 may be critical in enzymatic activity of the thyA gene product thymidylate synthase.
  • Hajime Saito, Haruaki Tomioka, Katsumasa Sato, Hiromichi Tasaka, Satos ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 313-315
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mycobacterium malmoense was isolated from a soil sample, and biological, biochemical, antigenic, and genetic characteristics of the isolate were described. This is the first report of isolation of this organism in Japan.
  • Eiji Kaga, Masahiro Iizuka, Toyoko Nakagomi, Osamu Nakagomi
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 317-320
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Both the G (VP7) and P (VP4) serotypes of human rotaviruses collected over a 10-year period from Japanese children with diarrhea were determined by recently-developed polymerase chain reaction-based typing assays. The combination of G1 and P8 was found in 65.2% and the combination of G2 and P4 was found in 15.2%. For the rest of the specimens, only a few other combinations occurred and their relative frequencies were less than 10%. The viruses carrying P9 were always associated with G3 as is the prototype strain AU-1.
  • Kappei Kobayashi, Eriko Ohgitani, Yasuyuki Tanaka, Masakazu Kita, Jiro ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 321-325
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    The major 70kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), which is scarcely expressed in unstressed rodent cells, was apparently induced by infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Infection with HSV types 1 and 2 elevated HSP70 mRNA levels within 4hr post-infection. HSP70 synthesis and accumulation increased in HSV-infected cells. Irradiation of HSV with UV-light abolished the ability to induce HSP70 mRNA. Inhibitors of viral DNA synthesis did not affect the induction of HSP70 in infected cells. Protein synthesis within 2hr after infection was necessary for HSP70 induction.
  • Mahbuba Parvin, Ken-ichi Isobe, Heidari Zohreh, Setsuko Goto, Izumi Na ...
    1994 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 327-330
    発行日: 1994年
    公開日: 2008/03/17
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mouse amniotic fluid has been shown to suppress T lymphocyte proliferation and suggested to be important in regulating immunity during pregnancy. In allogeneic pregnancy, cytotoxic T cells in pregnant lymphocytes against paternal transplantation antigen are impaired. We examined the effect of amniotic fluid to the alloreactive CTL responses. Although the amniotic fluid suppressed Con A or LPS stimulated lymphocyte proliferation as previously reported, the amniotic fluid taken from syngeneic C57BL/6 pregnant mice or allogeneic C57BL/6×BALB/c pregnant mice enhanced the anti-H-2d or anti-H-2k CTL responses dose-dependently. We speculate that amniotic fluid contains not only immunosuppressive factors but also immunoenhancing factors which upregulate the allogeneic CTL responses.
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